Frontiers in Forests and Global Change最新文献

{"title":"A climate-spatial matrix growth model for major tree species in Lesser Khingan Mountains and responses of forest dynamics change to different representative concentration path scenarios","authors":"Qi Sheng, Zhaogang Liu, Lingbo Dong","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1309189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1309189","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change affects forest distribution, species composition, structure, and yield due to the sensitivity of forests to temperature, precipitation, and CO2. Therefore, for forest management decisions regarding climate change, it is crucial to explore the response of forest growth, mortality, and recruitment to future climate. We aimed to establish tree species’ responses by introducing variables such as climate, stand spatial structure parameters, and diversity indices.We produced fixed parameter transition matrix model (FM), climate-sensitive matrix growth model (CM) and climate-spatial matrix growth model (SCM) using data from 786 plots collected during the 7th (2010), and 8th (2015), Chinese National Forest Inventories in Heilongjiang Province, and long-term predictive performance of CM, SCM, and FM were compared using same data. The models were compared using tenfold cross-validation and long-term predictive performance analysis. To predict the response of major tree species in the Lesser Khingan Mountains to three future climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5).The cross-validation results show small significant differences among the three models for short-term prediction (5 years), with the FM performing slightly better than the CM and the SCM. In contrast, for long-term projections (85 years), SCM outperformed FM and CM under three different RCPs, and SCM and CM under three representative concentration paths (RCPs), i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, suggesting that rather different dynamics are more reliable, since climatic factors are taken into account which may significantly affect forest dynamics, while changes in stand spatial structure also affect the sensitivity of trees to climate, especially in long-term prediction interval, the results of this paper may provide a theoretical basis for optimizing forest management strategies under climate change.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field effects of oxygenated monoterpenes and estragole combined with pheromone on attraction of Ips typographus and its natural enemies","authors":"A. A. C. Moliterno, R. Jakuš, R. Modlinger, C. Unelius, Fredrik Schlyter, Anna Jirošová","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1292581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1292581","url":null,"abstract":"Central European Norway spruce monocultures face Ips typographus outbreaks due to decreasing resistance. These beetles use volatile compounds to communicate and select suitable host trees. Spruce trees, beetles, and their symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi emit oxygenated monoterpenes, including 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, camphor, carvone, terpinen-4-ol, isopinocamphone, and pinocamphone, and the phenylpropanoid estragole, particularly in the infestation phase. These compounds trigger strong responses in I. typographus antennae, motivating our field study.This study aimed to assess how adding these compounds to the aggregation pheromone of Ips typographus modulates the attraction of this bark beetle and its natural enemies.In combination with I. typographus pheromone, estragole, 1,8-cineole, (±)-camphor, (–)-carvone, alpha-terpineol, (–)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-pinocamphone, and (+)-isopinocamphone at low, medium, and high doses were tested in pheromone traps at two sites in the Czech Republic.All 1,8-cineole doses and the high estragole dose acted as anti-attractants for I. typographus, whereas all (+)-isopinocamphone doses enhanced their attraction to pheromone. Catches of natural enemies, the Staphylinidae and Pteromalidae, varied by location.1,8-cineole, isopinocamphone, and estragole may play vital roles in tritrophic interactions among spruce trees, and I. typographus and its natural enemies, and these compounds may be developed into new or enhanced semiochemical-based pest control methods.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable spatio-temporal modeling for soil temperature prediction","authors":"Xiaoning Li, Yuheng Zhu, Qingliang Li, Hongwei Zhao, Jinlong Zhu, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1295731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1295731","url":null,"abstract":"Soil temperature (ST) is a crucial parameter in Earth system science. Accurate ST predictions provide invaluable insights; however, the “black box” nature of many deep learning approaches limits their interpretability. In this study, we present the Encoder-Decoder Model with Interpretable Spatio-Temporal Component (ISDNM) to enhance both ST prediction accuracy and its spatio-temporal interpretability. The ISDNM combines a CNN-encoder-decoder and an LSTM-encoder-decoder to improve spatio-temporal feature representation. It further uses linear regression and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) techniques for clearer spatio-temporal visualization of ST. The results show that the ISDNM model had the highest R2 ranging from 0.886 to 0.963 and the lowest RMSE ranging from 6.086 m3/m3 to 12.533 m3/m3 for different climate regions, and demonstrated superior performance than all the other DL models like CNN, LSTM, ConvLSTM models. The predictable component highlighted the remarkable similarity between Medium fine and Very fine soils in China. Additional, May and November emerged as crucial months, acting as inflection points in the annual ST cycle, shaping ISDNM model’s prediction capabilities.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"139 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daylength effects on black spruce bud dormancy release change during endo- and ecodormancy","authors":"Stephen J. Colombo, Rongzhou Man","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1261112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1261112","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of daylength on bud dormancy release varied throughout the dormant period in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings. In phase one of this trial, seedlings exposed to 8 h photoperiods to induce terminal buds were then intermittently transferred to 12, 16, 18 or 24 h photoperiods to determine dormancy status, evaluated by observing rates of terminal budburst. Buds were in a state of endodormancy initially after short-day induction, as indicated by their inability to quickly break bud when placed in longer daylengths. The time required for budburst decreased as time after bud initiation increased. Time to terminal budburst also decreased linearly with longer photoperiods. In phase two of the investigation, beginning 9 weeks after terminal bud initiation, seedlings began receiving chilling at +5°C to promote the transition from endo- to ecodormancy. During chilling, groups of seedlings were periodically removed from the cold and placed into warm temperatures at 8, 12, 16, 18 or 24 h photoperiods to observe the rate of budburst. Time to budburst in an 8 h photoperiod decreased logarithmically with the duration of chilling, decreasing more rapidly over the first four weeks of chilling and thereafter more slowly. Photoperiod always affected the rates of budburst: with eight weeks of chilling, longer photoperiods resulted in faster rates of budburst; in contrast, after 16 weeks of chilling, budburst was faster in shorter photoperiods. These results are of practical significance in tree nurseries where controlling bud dormancy release is important. In addition, this trial provides empirical observations of bud dormancy release that contribute to the understanding of environmental control of this aspect of the tree developmental cycle, which may affect tree phenology as the climate changes.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"2 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of future potential distributions of Pinus yunnanensis varieties under climate change","authors":"Jian Feng, Bilei Wang, Mingrui Xian, Shixing Zhou, Congde Huang, Xinglei Cui","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1308416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1308416","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus yunnanensis Franch. (Pinaceae) is an important endemic tree species that serves as a critical constituent of the forest ecosystems and plays a significant role in forestry economic production in southwest China. P. yunnanensis comprises three varieties: var. yunnanensis, var. pygmaea and var. tenuifolia, with significant variation in traits, such as height and leaf size. This study aims to characterize the habitat conditions of the three varieties and predict their potential future distributions by employing MaxEnt model. Temperature seasonality (BIO4) emerged as the most influential factor affecting the distribution of var. yunnanensis; isothermally (BIO3) stands out as the most critical factor for the distribution of var. pygmaea; whereas mean annual fire occurrence (MAF) had the greatest impact on the distribution of var. tenuifolia. Under future climate conditions, the highly and moderately suitable habitats for all the three varieties are projected to decrease, while the lowly suitable habitats are projected to increase. The distribution centroids of all the three varieties are anticipated to shift to higher latitudes. Our study characterized the habitat conditions and predicted the potential future distribution of the three Pinus yunnanensis varieties, which could help the conservation and utilization of Pinus yunnanensis varieties.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"25 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy of salmon-derived nutrients on riparian soil chemistry and soil fertility on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Allen Larocque, Suzanne Winette Simard","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1010294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1010294","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, salmon return to their natal streams to spawn. Their return represents an ecosystem subsidy of nutrients and energy from the sea to the land; these materials feed into terrestrial food webs, plant communities, and forest soils. Here we test the long term effects of salmon inputs on soil fertility by sampling soils from Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Nation territory on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. A total of 20 soil chemical properties were assessed via two sampling methodologies: first, across 23 watersheds representing a regional gradient of salmon density (kg of salmon per meter of stream reach per year); and second, at four sites above and below waterfalls that blocked salmon migration. At each sampling point, soil material at two depths was collected. Multivariate analysis regional gradient showed salmon density, the moss community, and the shrub community to be significant factors related to soil chemistry. Similarly, being above or below the waterfall, the moss community, and the tree community were significant in the waterfall comparison. Generalized linear mixed models along regional salmon density gradient showed an increase in nitrate (NO3−) correlated with salmon inputs (p < 0.05), and moderately significant (p < 0.1) increases in ammonium (NH4+), phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu). Net cation exchange capacity (CEC) did not change; however, magnesium (Mg) significantly decreased along these gradients (p < 0.05), while sodium (Na) had a declining tendency and calcium (Ca) had an increasing tendency. Being below salmon-blocking waterfalls or the salmon density below falls was a factor in higher total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, total sulfur (S), magnesium, and sodium concentrations; below falls sites also had lower pH and aluminum. Exploratory analysis of the regional gradient data using a random forest model apportioned high importance to soil depth, the moss community, the shrub community, salmon density and distance from the stream. These results show that salmon inputs are correlated with a number of changes in recipient soils, and these are consistent with an interpretation of improved fertility at these sites.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Linkages between forest dynamics, soil quality and soil microbial activity","authors":"M. Zarafshar","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1302871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1302871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"104 s410","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of spring vegetation phenology to soil freeze–thaw state in the Northern Hemisphere from 2016 to 2022","authors":"Ting Yang, Nan Cong","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1332734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1332734","url":null,"abstract":"The research on spring vegetation phenology is crucial to the investigation of terrestrial ecosystems and climate change. Changes in the soil freeze–thaw (F/T) lead to variations in soil moisture, directly impacting vegetation activity. The start of the season (SOS) is the initial and important phenophase for vegetation activity, and thus, this highlights the need to understand the response of spring vegetation phenology to soil F/T state.This study first comprehensively investigates the consistency of the SOS and three soil F/T state indexes, i.e., the start day of the F/T state (SFT), the end day of the F/T state (EFT), and the length of days of the F/T state (LFT) via satellite data source.Results reveal that: (1) All 3 F/T state indexes impact SOS values, and the EFT outperforms others. The correlation coefficients between EFT and SOS gain around 3.07%. (2) A temporal overlap between SOS and EFT occurs in May, suggesting that parts of the plants begin active growth before average temperatures reach above 0°. (3) Small differences of SOS and EFT exist between savannas, and croplands, with an average difference of less than 10 days; in contrast, the largest differences occur in broadleaf evergreen forests. The results can fill the knowledge gap on the response of spring vegetation phenology to soil F/T state, and help to investigate the reasons for the nonlinear dynamics of SOS under global warming.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the long-term recovery of the protective effect of forests against rockfall after stand-replacing disturbances","authors":"Dominik May, C. Moos, L. Dorren, Estelle Noyer, Christian Temperli, Massimiliano Schwarz","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1197682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1197682","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing disturbances may significantly impact the long-term protective effect of forests against natural hazards. Quantifying the temporal development of the protective effect of forests is thus crucial for finding optimal management strategies.In this study, we analyzed the long-term recovery of the protective effect of the secondary stands of spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests against rockfall after stand-replacing disturbances based on data of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). We therefore derived the age of the inventoried forest stands of those tree species based on a growth parametrization and quantified their energy dissipation capacity in rockfall processes as a function of stand age. We then analyzed the development of their protective factor for varying rockfall dispositions.Generally, it takes between 50 and 200 years to regain the maximum possible protective effect, depending from the site conditions and the rockfall disposition. This implies that the recovery of the protective effect after a severe disturbance may require more time than the decay of the protective effect from disturbance legacies, resulting in a long lasting gap of the provided protection.The here presented approach can serve as a basis to estimate the general range of recovery of the protective effect of beech, fir and spruce forests against rockfall provided by forest stands. Future research should analyse the effects of environmental and forest conditions as well as varying disturbance intensities and legacies to enable the assessment of specific trajectories of the short- and long-term recovery of the protective effect.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"104 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tight relationships between leaf and topsoil stoichiometries after 42 years of forest conversion from old-growth forests to Chinese fir plantations","authors":"Can-can Zhang, Yuxin Li, Xin Li, Fusheng Chen, Zhifang Jin, Yaoqi Li, Yaohua Ma, Shiqi Zeng, Shiyun Yang, Wensheng Bu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1268262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1268262","url":null,"abstract":"Soil C:N:P stoichiometry can regulate plant survival and reflect soil fertility and nutrient utilization. Despite the widespread conversion of old-growth forests to plantations or secondary forests, there is little knowledge about how these conversions affect the relation between leaf and soil stoichiometries. We examined the topography, leaf, and soil stoichiometries of 75 plots (20 m × 20 m) across Chinese fir plantations, secondary forests, and old-growth forests in subtropical China. We found that: (1) There were significant differences in leaf carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and their stoichiometry ratios among different stand types (2) stand type significantly affected soil SOC, TP, C:N, C:P, and N:P, except TN and (3) the explanation percentage of leaf stoichiometry on soil stoichiometry doubled with the conversion of old-growth forest to Chinese fir plantation, whereas it was twofold decreased with the conversion of old-growth forest to secondary forest. The explanation percentage of topography on soil stoichiometry decreased onefold at a minimum with the conversion of the old-growth forest to the Chinese fir plantation or the secondary forest. Our results show the shortages of soil nutrients from transforming old-growth forests into plantations or secondary forests and indicate the urgent need to preserve the remaining old-growth forests and increase stand ages by reducing forest disturbances. Therefore, determining the optimal stand type and slope location can effectively promote the accumulation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients in the topsoil, which is essential for improving the planning and implementation of appropriate forest restoration and ecosystem management strategies.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"46 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}