Geographical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Delineating Neighborhoods: An Approach Combining Urban Morphology with Point and Flow Datasets","authors":"Anirudh Govind,&nbsp;Ate Poorthuis,&nbsp;Ben Derudder","doi":"10.1111/gean.12394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although neighborhoods are a widely used analytical concept in urban geography, they are often proxied using grids or statistical sectors in empirical research. The rationales underlying these proxies are often separated from the theoretical considerations of what makes a neighborhood a neighborhood, casting shadows over their relevance and applicability. In this article, we identify two specific challenges separating empirical operationalizations from theoretical considerations in neighborhood delineations: (1) not incorporating key built environment elements and (2) monodimensional approaches. We develop a method that addresses this double challenge by (1) creating morphological basic spatial units (BSUs) and (2) aggregating them into neighborhoods using multilayer community detection (MLCD) drawing on datasets used in both formal and functional regionalization approaches. We illustrate this method for the case of Leuven, Belgium, by (1) using street blocks as BSUs and (2) focusing on proximity, land use, and social interactions. Through a comparative analysis, we show that our results align with theoretical considerations and perform as well as, and perhaps better, than statistical sectors and grids as neighborhood representations. We therefore argue that this flexible method can bridge formal and functional regionalization approaches making the case for its adoption in neighborhood delineation exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"700-722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Model Aggregation for Scalable Eigenvector Spatial Filtering: Application to Spatially Varying Coefficient Modeling","authors":"Daisuke Murakami,&nbsp;Shonosuke Sugasawa,&nbsp;Hajime Seya,&nbsp;Daniel A. Griffith","doi":"10.1111/gean.12393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes a method for aggregating/synthesizing global and local sub-models for fast and flexible spatial regression modeling. Eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) was used to model spatially varying coefficients and spatial dependence in the residuals by sub-model, while the generalized product-of-experts method was used to aggregate these sub-models. The major advantages of the proposed method are as follows: (i) it is highly scalable for large samples in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency; (ii) it is easily implemented by estimating sub-models independently first and aggregating/averaging them thereafter; and (iii) likelihood-based inference is available because the marginal likelihood is available in closed-form. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed using Monte Carlo simulation experiments. This method was then applied to residential land price analysis in Japan. The results demonstrate the usefulness of this method for improving the interpretability of spatially varying coefficients. The proposed method is implemented in an R package spmoran.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"768-798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140001996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Patterns of Late HIV Diagnosis in Philadelphia at a Small-area Level, 2011–2016: A Bayesian Modeling Approach Accounting for Excess Zeros","authors":"Hui Luan,&nbsp;Yusuf Ransome,&nbsp;Lorraine T. Dean,&nbsp;Tanner Nassau,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Brady","doi":"10.1111/gean.12391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"494-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Solving Approach for the p-Dispersion Problem Based on the Distance-Based Spatially Informed Property","authors":"Changwha Oh,&nbsp;Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Yongwan Chun","doi":"10.1111/gean.12392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>p</i>-dispersion problem is a spatial optimization problem that aims to maximize the minimum separation distance among all assigned nodes. This problem is characterized by an innate spatial structure based on distance attributes. This research proposes a novel approach, named the <i>distance-based spatially informed property</i> (D-SIP) method to reduce the problem size of the <i>p</i>-dispersion instances, facilitating a more efficient solution while maintaining optimality in nearly all cases. The D-SIP is derived from investigating the underlying spatial characteristics from the behaviors of the <i>p</i>-dispersion problem in determining the optimal location of nodes. To define the D-SIP, this research applies Ripley's <i>K</i>-function to the different types of point patterns, given that the optimal solutions of the <i>p</i>-dispersion problem are strongly associated with the spatial proximity among points discovered by Ripley's <i>K</i>-function. The results demonstrate that the D-SIP identifies collective dominances of optimal solutions, leading to building <i>the spatially informed p-dispersion model</i>. The simulation-based experiments show that the proposed method significantly diminishes the size of problems, improves computational performance, and secures optimal solutions for 99.9% of instances (999 out of 1,000 instances) under diverse conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"600-623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring and Testing Multivariate Spatial Autocorrelation in a Weighted Setting: A Kernel Approach","authors":"François Bavaud","doi":"10.1111/gean.12390","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose and illustrate a general framework in which spatial autocorrelation is measured by the Frobenius product of two kernels, a feature kernel and a spatial kernel. The resulting autocorrelation index <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ delta $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> generalizes Moran's index in the weighted, multivariate setting, where regions, differing in importance, are characterized by multivariate features. Spatial kernels can traditionally be obtained from a matrix of spatial weights, or directly from geographical distances. In the former case, the Markov transition matrix defined by row-normalized spatial weights must be made compatible with the regional weights, as well as reversible. Equivalently, space is specified by a symmetric exchange matrix containing the joint probabilities to select a pair of regions. Four original weight-compatible constructions, based upon the binary adjacency matrix, are presented and analyzed. Weighted multidimensional scaling on kernels yields a low-dimensional visualization of both the feature and the spatial configurations. The expected values of the first four moments of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ delta $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> under the null hypothesis of absence of spatial autocorrelation can be exactly computed under a new approach, invariant orthogonal integration, thus permitting to test the significance of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ delta $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> beyond the normal approximation, which only involves its expectation and expected variance. Various illustrations are provided, investigating the spatial autocorrelation of political and social features among French departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"573-599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Workloads through Co-location in Covering Problems","authors":"Jing Xu,&nbsp;Alan T. Murray,&nbsp;Richard L. Church,&nbsp;Ran Wei,&nbsp;Hongchu Yu,&nbsp;Jiwon Baik,&nbsp;Enbo Zhou","doi":"10.1111/gean.12389","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Total demand suitably served and facility workload balance are two important considerations in location coverage. Previous work has dealt with workload balancing issues using a number of approaches, including imposing facility capacities and the use of multiple objectives focused on workload variation. However, a facility is usually restricted to a single service unit, inconsistent with strategies that allow for increased staffing such as multiple service units in dealing with higher levels of demand. This article proposes a new bi-objective optimization model that maximizes total demand coverage and minimizes workload differences simultaneously while allowing more than one service unit to be co-located at a site. Since the proposed model is strongly NP hard, a heuristic algorithm is developed for efficient solution. The model is applied to support postal delivery service planning. Results show that the proposed model offers improved performance compared to approaches that do not permit co-location. The proposed algorithm is able to produce high-quality solutions that evenly distribute allocated service demand, and does so much faster with higher-quality solutions compared to exact solution approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"624-647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Tradeoff Between Privacy and Utility of Complete-count Census Data Using a Multiobjective Optimization Approach","authors":"Yue Lin,&nbsp;Ningchuan Xiao","doi":"10.1111/gean.12388","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Privacy and utility are two important objectives to consider when releasing census data. However, these two objectives are often conflicting, as protecting privacy usually necessitates introducing noise into the data, which compromises data utility. Determining the appropriate level of privacy protection presents a significant challenge in the data release. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the tradeoff between privacy and utility before making a final decision on the level of privacy protection. In this article, we propose a multiobjective optimization framework to generate multiple optimal solutions that satisfy the two objectives of privacy and utility, as well as to analyze the tradeoff between privacy and utility for decision-making. This framework relocates individuals susceptible to revealing their identities to protect their privacy. We maximize the number of individuals relocated while maximizing the utility of the data after relocations. The proposed framework is tested using synthetic population data in Franklin County, Ohio. Our experimental results show that the framework can efficiently generate a collection of optimal solutions and can be used to effectively balance privacy and utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"427-450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population and Morphological Change: A Study of Building Type Replacements in the Osaka-Kobe City-Region in Japan","authors":"Joan Perez,&nbsp;Giovanni Fusco,&nbsp;Yukio Sadahiro","doi":"10.1111/gean.12387","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As cities adapt to new needs and challenges, their forms change in close relation to population dynamics. This article focuses on the link between population dynamics and the evolution of building hull types. The case study is the Osaka-Kobe city-region in Japan, a country globally witnessing an intense population decline. Morphometric indicators are coupled with a tree-like classificatory model in order to label buildings into consistent classes between two different periods (2003–2004 and 2013–2014). The building class distributions and their evolutions are studied in conjunction with population censuses. Urban adaptation processes are particularly accounted for through the study of the replacement of building types. Results show that, among other things, townhouses in traditional neighborhoods are gradually being replaced by small-size collective complexes. In far outlying areas, people are still eager to move and live in detached single-family homes despite a global context of population decline. Finally, central places are increasingly filled by narrow almost-adjoining towers. Relations between building types and population dynamics, detailed through maps and statistics, show that peoples are increasingly concentrating in central locations associated with specific building types, while some other peripheral locations are concerned by both a disappearance of specific building types and a population decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"471-493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybridizing Geographically Weighted Regression and Multilevel Models: A New Approach to Capture Contextual Effects in Geographical Analyses","authors":"Thierry Feuillet,&nbsp;Etienne Cossart,&nbsp;Helene Charreire,&nbsp;Arnaud Banos,&nbsp;Hugo Pilkington,&nbsp;Virginie Chasles,&nbsp;Serge Hercberg,&nbsp;Mathilde Touvier,&nbsp;Jean Michel Oppert","doi":"10.1111/gean.12385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multilevel models are one of the main statistical methods used in modeling contextual effects in social sciences. A common limitation of these methods is the use pre-set boundaries—usually administrative units—to define contexts, when these boundaries do not always match up with the “true” causally relevant contexts that may affect the outcomes of interest. In this study applied to the obesity geography in the Paris area (France), we propose a new spatially explicit two-step procedure to tackle this methodological issue. The first step consists in estimating a geographically weighted regression model, then using it to reveal and delineate relevant nonstationarity-based data-driven spatial contexts, and finally including them as a random effect into a random slope multilevel model. In applying this hybrid methodology for modeling body mass index within a sample of 9,089 French adults, we demonstrate that it outperforms administrative-based multilevel models in terms of decreasing Akaike information criteria, and is better at accounting for contextual effects through intraclass correlation coefficient and increasing slope variance. We suggest that this procedure might be generalized to quantitative geographical analyses involving contextual effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"554-572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Geographical Analysis of Megacities Through Changes in Their Individual Urban Objects","authors":"Xiangning Fan,&nbsp;George Alan Blackburn,&nbsp;James Duncan Whyatt,&nbsp;Peter Michael Atkinson","doi":"10.1111/gean.12386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research utilized global coverage, annual, high-quality land cover time-series data to explore the urban growth process in the core area, and in several buffer zones, of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Tokyo. We developed a conceptual model in which growth is characterized at the per-object level by four active growth events: introduction, establishment, dispersal, and coalescence, with a fifth inactivity event, stability. We developed a rule-base which allowed the direct measurement of establishment, dispersal and coalescence from observed inter-annual changes in the urban objects over time. By aggregating the object-level events to the landscape level we showed that these three events generally followed a synchronous temporal trend in terms of magnitude within the core area and within each buffer zone. There was no evidence for a logical sequence of events through time. The identified events dominated alternately over time, although synchronicity in magnitude far outweighed any differences in proportion between them. This points to a single underlying urbanization process: urban growth with a specific dynamic rate. Interestingly, synchronicity was not generally observed between the core and buffer zones. This proposed object-based method provides insights into the underlying urban growth process and could be used to build new urban growth models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 3","pages":"451-470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}