Geographical Analysis最新文献_第2页

Plausible Reasoning and Spatial-Statistical Theory: A Critique of Recent Writings on “Spatial Confounding” 似是而非的推理与空间统计理论：对近期有关 "空间混杂 "的著作的批判

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12408

Connor Donegan

{"title":"Plausible Reasoning and Spatial-Statistical Theory: A Critique of Recent Writings on “Spatial Confounding”","authors":"Connor Donegan","doi":"10.1111/gean.12408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12408","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical research on correlation with spatial data dates at least to Student's (W. S. Gosset's) 1914 paper on “the elimination of spurious correlation due to position in time and space.” Since 1968, much of this work has been organized around the concept of spatial autocorrelation (SA). A growing statistical literature is now organized around the concept of “spatial confounding” (SC) but is estranged from, and often at odds with, the SA literature and its history. The SC literature is producing new, sometimes flawed, statistical techniques such as Restricted Spatial Regression (RSR). This article brings the SC literature into conversation with the SA literature and provides a theoretically grounded review of the history of research on correlation with spatial data, explaining some of its implications for the the SC literature. The article builds upon principles of plausible inference to synthesize a guiding theoretical thread that runs throughout the SA literature. This leads to a concise theoretical critique of RSR and a clarification of the logic behind standard spatial-statistical models.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"57 1","pages":"152-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Regionalization and Aggregation of In-App Location Data to Maximize Information and Minimize Data Disclosure 应用内位置数据的区域化和聚合，实现信息最大化和数据披露最小化

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12406

Louise Sieg, James Cheshire

{"title":"The Regionalization and Aggregation of In-App Location Data to Maximize Information and Minimize Data Disclosure","authors":"Louise Sieg, James Cheshire","doi":"10.1111/gean.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12406","url":null,"abstract":"To minimize the disclosure of personal information, sensitive location data collected by mobile phones is often aggregated to predefined geographic units and presented as counts of devices at a given time. The use of grids or units created by statistical agencies for the dissemination of traditional data sets—such as censuses—are common choices for this aggregation process. However, these can result in large variations in the number of devices encapsulated within each geographic unit, resulting in over-generalization and a loss of information in some areas. To alleviate this issue, we propose a new method for the aggregation of mobile phone generated location data sets that creates bespoke geometries that maximize the granularity of the data, whilst minimizing the risks of disclosing personal information. The resulting small areas are built on Uber's H3 hexagonal indexing system by attributing activity counts and land-use features to each cell, then merging cells into geographies containing a predetermined number of data points and respecting the underlying topography and land use. This methodology has applications to widely available data sets and enables bespoke geographical units to be created for different contexts. We compare the generated units to established aggregates from the England and Wales Census and Ordnance Survey. We demonstrate that our outputs are more representative of the original mobile phone data set and minimize data omission caused by low counts. This speaks to the need for a data-driven and context-driven regionalization methodology.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"57 1","pages":"27-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geographical Compactness in Shape Assessment 形状评估中的地理紧凑性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12407

Alan T. Murray

{"title":"Geographical Compactness in Shape Assessment","authors":"Alan T. Murray","doi":"10.1111/gean.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12407","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic shape has long been an intriguing feature of observed and defined facets of an area or region. Compactness reflects a critical element of shape with important practical and policy implications. It may suggest characteristics of urban/regional form, efficiency in trade and service provision, fairness in political representation and distributional qualities of the physical environment, among others. While there has been much study of compactness and a wealth of measures and metrics derived to reflect nuances of geographic form, there are questions that remain about their ability to characterize shape in a meaningful manner. Given this, exploration of relationships between various categories of methods for quantifying compactness is critical. Further, recent developments of, advances in and access to physics based spatial measures of compactness suggest an opportunity for better theoretical understanding. Assessment of 388 districts is carried out. Significant correlation is demonstrated between contemporary measures, opening the door for research advancements associated with the compactness of spatial shapes. This work is interesting, important, and of current relevance because compactness measures are given serious consideration in management, planning, and policy, but also are regularly relied upon in legal proceedings. Further, compactness measures continue to drive automated and semi-automated approaches in districting and redistricting, often embedded in optimization approaches.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"57 1","pages":"88-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of Using Survey Data and Semi-variogram Kriging to Obtain Bespoke Indices of Neighborhood Characteristics: A Simulation and a Case Study 使用调查数据和半变异图克里金法获得邻里特征定制指数的可行性：模拟与案例研究

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12401

Emily Finne, Odile Sauzet

引用次数: 0

Uncovering Representation Bias in Large-scale Cellular Phone-based Data: A Case Study in North Carolina 在基于手机的大规模数据中发现代表性偏差：北卡罗来纳州案例研究

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12399

Hanna V. Jardel, Paul L. Delamater

{"title":"Uncovering Representation Bias in Large-scale Cellular Phone-based Data: A Case Study in North Carolina","authors":"Hanna V. Jardel, Paul L. Delamater","doi":"10.1111/gean.12399","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12399","url":null,"abstract":"Large cellular phone-based mobility datasets are an important new data source for research on human movement. We investigate and illustrate bias in representation in a large mobility data set at the census block group, tract, and county levels. We paired American Community Survey (ACS) 2019 data with SafeGraph (SG) cell phone mobility data to elucidate potential bias in SG data by examining ACS estimated population against the number of devices in the SG data, stratifying by key sociodemographic variables such as income, percent Black population, percent of population over 55 years, percent of population 18–65 years, percent of people living in crowded living conditions, and urbanization level. We evaluated whether the bias varied over time by examining a 10-month period. This bias changes with key demographic characteristics and changes over time. Specifically, we see underrepresentation in areas that have the highest percentage of Black population at all aggregation levels. We also see underrepresentation at all levels in areas with the highest percentage of working age residents as well as areas with the lowest median incomes. Researchers should be cautious when using mobility datasets because of bias differential on key sociodemographic factors and collection time.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"723-745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Good Is Open Bicycle Network Data? A Countrywide Case Study of Denmark 开放的自行车网络数据有多好？丹麦全国案例研究

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12400

Ane Rahbek Vierø, Anastassia Vybornova, Michael Szell

{"title":"How Good Is Open Bicycle Network Data? A Countrywide Case Study of Denmark","authors":"Ane Rahbek Vierø, Anastassia Vybornova, Michael Szell","doi":"10.1111/gean.12400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12400","url":null,"abstract":"Cycling is a key ingredient for a sustainability shift of Denmark's transportation system. To increase cycling rates, better bicycle infrastructure networks are required. Planning such networks requires high-quality infrastructure data, yet the quality of bicycle infrastructure data is understudied. Here, we compare the two largest open data sets on dedicated bicycle infrastructure in Denmark, OpenStreetMap (OSM) and GeoDanmark, in a countrywide data quality assessment, asking whether the data are good enough for network-based analysis of cycling conditions. We find that neither of the data sets is of sufficient quality, and that data conflation is necessary to obtain a more complete data set. Our analysis of the spatial variation of data quality suggests that rural areas are more prone to incomplete data. We demonstrate that the prevalent method of using infrastructure density as a proxy for data completeness is not suitable for bicycle infrastructure data, and that matching of corresponding features is thus necessary to assess data completeness. Based on our data quality assessment, we recommend strategic mapping efforts toward data completeness, consistent standards to support comparability between different data sources, and increased focus on data topology to ensure high-quality bicycle network data.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"57 1","pages":"52-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Variable Multimodal Balanced Floating Catchment Area Approach for Spatial Accessibility Assessment 开发用于空间可达性评估的可变多模式平衡浮动集水区方法

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12398

Ouidad Benhlima, Fouad Riane, Jakob Puchinger, Hicham Bahi

{"title":"Development of a Variable Multimodal Balanced Floating Catchment Area Approach for Spatial Accessibility Assessment","authors":"Ouidad Benhlima, Fouad Riane, Jakob Puchinger, Hicham Bahi","doi":"10.1111/gean.12398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12398","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization and expansion, stemming from demographic growth and migration from rural areas to urban centers, have heavily strained cities in recent years. These circumstances have created an ever-growing need for equipment and essential services. On the other hand, previous research has shown that accessibility measurement is a powerful technique for assessing urban compactness. This assessment arises from the willingness of urban planners to develop transport services and land use across various cities globally. This paper addresses the computational problem of spatial accessibility, focusing on the influence of private cars versus public transport. We introduced a metric that enhances the Balanced Floating Catchment Area (BFCA) index. Our metric not only considers multiple transportation modes in the calculation of spatial accessibility but also takes into account variable catchment sizes. We applied our metric in a case study examining spatial accessibility to public hospitals in Casablanca. The results provide a geographic breakdown of each transportation mode, and the accessibility of different scenarios has been compared.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"678-699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow Spatiotemporal Moran's I: Measuring the Spatiotemporal Autocorrelation of Flow Data 流量时空莫兰 I：测量流量数据的时空自相关性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12397

Qingyang Fu, Mengjie Zhou, Yige Li, Xiang Ye, Mengjie Yang, Yuhui Wang

{"title":"Flow Spatiotemporal Moran's I: Measuring the Spatiotemporal Autocorrelation of Flow Data","authors":"Qingyang Fu, Mengjie Zhou, Yige Li, Xiang Ye, Mengjie Yang, Yuhui Wang","doi":"10.1111/gean.12397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12397","url":null,"abstract":"Flows can reflect the spatiotemporal interactions or movements of geographical objects between different locations. Measuring the spatiotemporal autocorrelation of flows can help determine the overall spatiotemporal trends and local patterns. However, quantitative indicators of flows used to measure spatiotemporal autocorrelation both globally and locally are still rare. Therefore, we propose the global and local flow spatiotemporal Moran's I (FSTI). The global FSTI is used to assess the overall spatiotemporal autocorrelation degree of flows, and the local FSTI is applied to identify local spatiotemporal clusters and outliers. In the FSTI, to reflect flow spatiotemporal adjacency relationships, we establish flow spatiotemporal weights by multiplying the spatial and temporal weights of flows considering spatiotemporal orthogonality. The flow spatial weights include contiguity-based (considering first/higher-order and common border) and Euclidean distance-based weights. The temporal weights consider ordinary and lagged cases. As flow attributes may follow a long-tail distribution, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the statistical significance of the results. We assess the FSTI using synthetic datasets and Chinese population mobility datasets, and compare some results with those of recent flow-related methods. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis to select a suitable temporal threshold. The results show that the FSTI can be used to effectively detect spatiotemporal variations in the autocorrelation degree and type.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"799-824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysing Inequity in Accessibility to Services with Neighbourhood Location and Socio-Economic Characteristics in Delhi 根据德里的邻里位置和社会经济特征分析服务获取的不平等性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12396

Aviral Marwal, Elisabete A. Silva

{"title":"Analysing Inequity in Accessibility to Services with Neighbourhood Location and Socio-Economic Characteristics in Delhi","authors":"Aviral Marwal, Elisabete A. Silva","doi":"10.1111/gean.12396","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12396","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of comprehensive spatial data for neighbourhoods in cities in the global South has posed a significant challenge for examining socio-economic inequities in accessibility to services. By combining the primary (survey data) and secondary data sources with new spatial data sources (Earth observation data, Google Maps), we create a spatial database of 4,145 residential locations in Delhi, aggregating them into 1 km grid-shaped neighbourhoods. The neighbourhood's economic status is evaluated using a composite index of the built environment, land price, and household income. Social characteristics are examined through the percentage of the scheduled caste (SC) population, considering their historical marginalization in Indian society. Using the E-2SFCA method, we calculate accessibility to four key services and employ the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore inequities in accessibility based on neighbourhood location and socio-economic characteristics. Findings reveal inequity in accessibility to services at the neighbourhood level is primarily driven by spatial location rather than income or percentage of SC population. Moreover, the influence of socio-economic characteristics on accessibility varies across locations. The spatial data mapping approach employed in this article can be applied to numerous rapidly urbanizing cities in the global South lacking block or neighbourhood-level spatial data.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"651-677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access Weight Matrix: A Place and Mobility Infused Spatial Weight Matrix 通道权重矩阵：融入地点和流动性的空间权重矩阵

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Geographical Analysis Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/gean.12395

Fatemeh Janatabadi, Alireza Ermagun

{"title":"Access Weight Matrix: A Place and Mobility Infused Spatial Weight Matrix","authors":"Fatemeh Janatabadi, Alireza Ermagun","doi":"10.1111/gean.12395","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gean.12395","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the Access Weight Matrix (AWM) to capture the spatial dependence of access across a geographical surface. AWM is a nonsymmetry, nonzero diagonal matrix with elements to be a function of (i) the spatial distribution of places, (ii) the number of places, and (iii) the travel-time threshold to reach places rather than distance, contiguity, or adjacency. AWM is tested and validated to examine the spatial dependence of transit access to employment opportunities in the City of Chicago. Three observations are noticed. First, the degree of spatial dependence between the access of geographical units is not necessarily proportional to their proximity and is better explained by AWM than traditional spatial weight matrices regardless of the travel-time threshold. Second, the time-dependence feature of AWM improves the accuracy of capturing spatial dependence, particularly in short travel-time thresholds. Third, near geographical units are not necessarily more related than distant geographical units even for access that is proved to be spatially highly correlated with neighboring units. With the increased ease of measuring access, research is expanding to explore the socioeconomic, demographic, and built-environment correlates of access. AWM can be employed in developing more accurate spatial econometrics models.","PeriodicalId":12533,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Analysis","volume":"56 4","pages":"746-767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gean.12395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0