Frontiers in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Frontiers | Rheological behavior of the synovial fluid: a mathematical challenge","authors":"Noureddine Ouerfelli, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Ezzedine Mliki, Kamal A. Amin, Lotfi Snoussi, Diana Coman, Dalila Mrabet","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1386694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1386694","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSynovial fluid (SF) is often used for diagnostic and research purposes as it reflects the local inflammatory environment. Owing to its complex composition, especially the presence of hyaluronic acid, SF is usually viscous and non-homogeneous. The presence of high-molar-mass hyaluronan in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as a lubricant. Viscosity is the greatest major hydraulic attribute of the SF in articular cartilage.MethodsEmpirical modeling of previously published results was performed. In this study, we explored the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid that could be used to model the SF flow. Analyzing the flow in a simple geometry can help explain the model’s efficacy and assess the SF models. By employing some viscosity data reported elsewhere, we summarized the dynamic viscosity values of normal human SF of the knee joints in terms of time after injecting hyaluronidase (HYAL) at 25°C. The suggested quadratic behavior was obtained through extrapolation. For accurate diagnosis or prediction, the comparison between three specific parameters (ai, t0, and ln η0) was made for normal and pathological cases under the same experimental conditions for treatment by addition of HYAL and for investigation of the rheological properties. A new model on the variation of viscosity on the SF of knee joints with time after injection of HYAL with respect to normal and postmortem samples at different velocity gradients was proposed using data previously reported elsewhere.ResultsThe rheological behavior of SF changes progressively over time from non-Newtonian to a Newtonian profile, where the viscosity has a limiting constant value (η0) independent of the gradient velocity at a unique characteristic time (t0 ≈ 8.5 h). The proposed three-parameter model with physical meaning offers insights into future pathological cases. The outcomes of this work are expected to offer new perspectives for diagnosis, criteria, and prediction of pathological case types through comparisons with new parameter values treated under the same experimental conditions as HYAL injection. This study also highlights the importance of HYAL treatment for better intra-assay precision.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Laser ultrasonic testing of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber","authors":"Yuhang Chen, Xing Kou, Yu Liu, Cuixiang Pei, Zhenmao Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1421323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1421323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented a new approach for noncontact inspection of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber with laser ultrasonic testing method and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Firstly, laser ultrasonic testing methods for milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber was studied. Subsequently, numerical models were constructed to analyze the influence of defects on laser-excited signals. The analysis revealed that the brazed defects caused internal waves to reflect on the rib surface, manifesting as defect echo signals preceding the outer wall echo. Through scanning setting, the obtained SAFT images illustrate the presence of the defect directly and clearly. Furthermore, an experimental system was established to detect and image artificial defects with different degrees of weld leakage. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results, validating the capability and effectiveness of the testing and imaging method. In general, the proposed laser ultrasound method offers inherent advantages of non-contact detection with high resolution and precision, and it is easy to achieve fast and automated scanning of large and complex structures like thrust chambers, demonstrating its potential for enhancing the safety and reliability of liquid rocket engines.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Impact of laser energy density on the structure and properties of laser-deposited Fe‒Ni‒Ti composite coatings","authors":"Zhen Wang, Jian Zhang, Fengqin Zhang, Changbao Qi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1408333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1408333","url":null,"abstract":"To utilise laser deposition for the preparation of high-strength, wear-resistant components, the service life of components in rail transportation equipment should be improved. Laser deposition technology is used to fabricate Fe‒Ni‒Ti coatings on the surface of AISI 1045 steel substrates. By varying the laser power to adjust the laser energy density, Fe‒Ni‒Ti composite coatings are prepared at various energy densities. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition, tensile strength, microhardness, and friction-wear characteristics of the composite coatings are observed and tested. The influence patterns and mechanisms of laser energy density on the organisational variation and friction-wear performance of composite coatings is investigated. When the laser energy density is 97.2 J/mm2 (1400 W), the residual stresses in the deposition layer are minimised, resulting in fewer cracks and gas pore defects, with a porosity rate reaching its lowest value of 1.2% and a density of 99.1%. With the increase in energy density, both the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited layer exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. The hardness and wear resistance of Fe‒Ni‒Ti deposition layers is effectively controlled by regulating the laser energy density.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Active films based on bio-polyethylene and natural extracts rich in tocopherols for food packaging applications","authors":"A. C. Mellinas, E. García-Serna, A. Jiménez, M. C. Garrigós","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1365222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1365222","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant/antifungal active films based on bio-polyethylene (BPE) added with Nutrabiol®T90 and Tocobiol®Plus natural extracts rich in tocopherols at different concentrations (1 and 3 wt%) were developed by melt-blending followed by compression-molding. Thermal, barrier, mechanical, optical and functional properties of the developed active films were evaluated. The addition of active extracts did not cause important changes in thermal and barrier properties of active films whereas a significant increase in oxidative stability was found. Release kinetics of active additives migration showed higher tocopherol diffusion coefficient and antioxidant capacity, determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods, for films containing 3 wt% of Nutrabiol®T90. This film also delayed polymer oxidation in 260 min and extended strawberries shelf-life during storage for 7 days compared to neat BPE, showing a significant antifungal effect. The studied biomaterials offer great potential to substitute conventional petrol-derived materials at the industrial scale as active food packaging systems to increase the shelf-life of perishable foodstuff.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Current trends in Nickel-Titanium instruments for endodontic applications","authors":"Chiara Pirani, Eugenio Pedullà","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-real-time infrared thermography for detecting layering defects in plasters solidification within indoor environments","authors":"Ruizhuo Wan, Hao Zhao, Qingrui Zhang, Pengfei Zheng, Zhaoyuan Zhong, Chengcheng Xue, Liang Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1405745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1405745","url":null,"abstract":"In the solidification of plasters, promptly identifying layering defects is vital to reduce later inspection and maintenance expenses. Traditional tapping methods for defect detection, while widespread, are inefficient and can damage walls. This study proposes an innovative method utilizing Infrared Thermal Imaging (IRT) for semi real-time detection of layering defects during the solidification phase. The method was applied within the first 48 h following the application of two different plasters (Cement and Gypsum, mixed on-site as needed, not pre-dosed, and applied in a single layer), systematically examining the effects of plaster composition and environmental temperature conditions. The results showed that all preset defects were successfully identified. It was observed that larger defects are more readily detectable at a given thickness, and conversely, thicker defects are more discernible at a fixed size, with the dimension of the defect having a more pronounced impact on absolute contrast than its thickness. Notably, cement plaster exhibited two distinct temporal windows for defect detection, primarily influenced by environmental temperatures. In contrast, gypsum mortar presented two detection phases, with the initial phase being predominantly governed by the heat of hydration and the latter by ambient temperature conditions. The application of IRT technology in this research demonstrates its efficacy in accurately detecting layering defects during the solidification of plasters. This method offers valuable insights and guidance for the application of plaster layers in real-world engineering scenarios, potentially reducing maintenance costs and improving construction quality.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the strength composition mechanism and interface microscopic characteristics of cold recycling asphalt mixture","authors":"Zhao Dong, Guangji Xu, Shudong Xu, Shijie Ma, Tao Ma, Y. Luan, Jiuwei Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1397335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1397335","url":null,"abstract":"A cold recycling asphalt mixture has significant economic and environmental benefits compared to other pavement material recycling technologies. The cold recycling mixture contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), new aggregate particles (NAPs), asphalt emulsion, cement, and fillers. The internal material composition is complex, and the interface form is changeable. Both have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper aims to study the influence of material composition and related content on the strength performance of a cold recycling mixture from the two aspects of macroscopic mechanical tests and microscopic characteristics analyses. In this paper, the strength evolution law of a cold recycling mixture under changed amounts of cement, emulsified asphalt, and RAP content is carried out. The test result shows that low cement content has little effect on the strength of a cold recycling mixture and is not the main factor affecting its strength composition. The asphalt mainly plays the role of a binder. Compared with the NAPs, the aged asphalt mortar and emulsified asphalt mortar have better interfacial bonding effects. The NAP surface needs more asphalt to form structural asphalt. From the microscopic characteristics of the interfacial transition zone, the cement hydration products and asphalt mortar are intertwined to form a network structure, and the pore structure is filled with asphalt. Compared with the aggregate–asphalt interface, the cement hydration product has poor adhesion with the aggregate. Some micro-cracks are visible in the interface transition zone, which is mainly used as an interface modifier and interface improver to enhance the interface bonding effect.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium-incorporated TiO2 thin films by atomic layer deposition for future electronic devices","authors":"Qingxuan Sun, Yingzhen Lin, Chaoya Han, Ze Yang, Ying Li, Yu-Xuan Zeng, Weifeng Yang, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1430884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1430884","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with advantages including abundance in earth, non-toxicity, high chemical stability, surface hydrophobicity in dark, and extremely high permittivity could be highly promising for advanced electronics. However, the thermal stability and low bandgap (Eg) of TiO2 pose a big challenge for TiO2 to be used as dielectric, which could be resolved by doping with other metal cations. In this work, we studied the impact of gallium incorporation on electrical and material characteristics of TiO2 thin films. These TiO2 and TiXGaO films with thickness of 15 nm were derived by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and then annealed in O2 ambient at 500°C, where the levels of Ga incorporation were tuned by the cycle ratio (X) of TiO2 to that of Ga2O3 during ALD growth. Both thin film transistors (TFTs) using TiXGaO (TiO2) thin films as the channel and metal-oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) using TiXGaO (TiO2) thin films as the dielectric were fabricated to unravel the impact of Ga incorporation on electrical properties of TiO2 thin films. It is found that the Ga incorporation reduces the conductivity of TiO2 thin films significantly. Pure TiO2 thin films could be the ideal channel material for TFTs with excellent switching behaviors whereas Ga-incorporated TiO2 thin films could be the dielectric material for MOSCAPs with good insulating properties. The leakage current and dielectric constant (k) value are also found to be decreased with the increased Ga content in TiXGaO/Si MOSCAPs. Additionally, the density of interface trap (Dit) between TiXGaO and Si were extracted by multi-frequency conductance method, where a “U-shape” trap profile with similar level of Dit values can be observed for TiXGaO MOSCAPs with varying Ga contents. Material characterizations show that the Ga incorporation destabilizes the crystallization and enlarges the bandgap (Eg) of TiO2 while maintaining a smooth surface. Interestingly, Ga incorporation is found to decrease the overall oxygen content and introduce more oxygen-related defects in the film. As a result, the reduction of leakage current upon Ga incorporation in MOSCAPs could be explained by amorphization of the film and enlarged band offset to Si rather than oxygen defect passivation. These Ga-incorporated TiO2 films may found promising usage in future electronic device applications such as trench capacitors in dynamic random-access memory, where the emerging high-k dielectrics with low leakage currents and high thermal stability are demanded.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen storage ability of hexagonal boron nitride","authors":"A. Kovalskii, Anton M. Manakhov, Pavel A. Afanasev, Z. Popov, Andrei T. Matveev, Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1375977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1375977","url":null,"abstract":"The development of hydrogen energy is capable of solving a number of important issues that modern society is facing, including global warming and various environmental impacts. Currently, there is an intensive search for natural sources of hydrogen as well as low-carbon techniques for mass production of hydrogen from natural gas, associated petroleum gas, and water. In parallel, efforts to develop technologies for the subsequent management of hydrogen are underway, and the creation of its safe and efficient storage is one of the highest priority goals. For the transportation and storage of hydrogen today, a number of solutions are offered, each of which has both positive and negative aspects. The boron nitride family of materials with high thermal and chemical stability, variability of morphologies, and flexibility of structure has been considered as a candidate for efficient hydrogen storage. This review offers to familiarize readers with the progress in the research and application of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), as well as BN-based materials in comparison with other materials, as promising hydrogen storage. Experimental and theoretical data obtained for different morphologies and internal structures were reviewed in relevance to the material`s sorption capacity with respect to hydrogen. Various approaches to improve the efficiency of hydrogen storage were analyzed, and the highest storage capabilities published were mentioned. Thus, BN-based materials are very promising as hydrogen storage, even for an automotive application, but the development of new mass production technologies should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-based self-luminous pavement coatings: a performance evaluation study","authors":"Qinghe Lu, Xiajun Liu, Zhen Lu, Ke Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1421349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1421349","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the nighttime vision of drivers is essential, given the growing advancements in urban transportation. In this study, polyurethane-based self-luminous pavement coatings (PSCs) were prepared by doping luminous powders (LPs) into the polyurethane materials. The superior optical properties and chemical stabilities of these coatings were ensured by synthesizing the polyurethane-based material. Then, the PSCs were evaluated for their comprehensive performances, such as luminescence, aging resistance, and abrasion resistance, using various characterization methods, including fluorescence spectral analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and mechanical property testing. The results show that the 50-mesh LP has the optimal overall performance, with an initial luminescence that exceeds those of the 100 and 400 meshes. The initial brightness of the PSC is mainly influenced by the LP and increases with dosage. The lattice structure and luminescent properties of the luminescent material did not change after coating preparation. The peak excitation wavelength of 420 nm implies that the coating has the best excitation effect under UV light. The primer-marking coating effectively improves the abrasion resistance of the PSC, and the mass loss of the PSC with a coating thickness of 0.4 kg/m2 is 52.9% of that without the primer-marking coating, with the optimal coating thickness being 0.6 kg/m2. This research provides an innovative solution to improve nighttime roadway lighting, which provides useful support for the sustainable development of urban transportation infrastructures and construction of intelligent transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}