Frontiers in Materials最新文献

{"title":"A review on the auxetic mechanical metamaterials and their applications in the field of applied engineering","authors":"Volha Siniauskaya, Hao Wang, Yadong Liu, Yuhang Chen, Michael Zhuravkov, Yongtao Lyu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1453905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1453905","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials are artificially created materials or structures with properties not found in nature. They encompass electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials, which are particularly significant in applied engineering. Mechanical metamaterials exhibit unique mechanical properties such as vanishing shear modulus, negative Poisson’s ratio, negative compressibility, etc. This paper reviews the most commonly used mechanical metamaterials and discusses their applications in the field of applied engineering, specifically in vibration isolation, energy absorption, and vibration reduction. The prospects for future developments in this field are also presented.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on mechanical properties of steel-polypropylene fiber concrete and application of beam structure","authors":"Jiuyang Li, Jingwei Luo, Li Chen, Xinmei Fan, Yuepeng Zhu, Xiaoyu Wang, Jingpeng Guo","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1440466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1440466","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete faces the difficulties of low tensile strength and poor crack resistance in building structures. In order to remedy this deficiency. In this paper, steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (SPFRC) was prepared by adding steel fiber (SF) and three kinds of polypropylene fiber (PF) to C50-grade concrete. The mechanical properties and microstructure of SPFRC were studied with different fiber combinations and content, obtaining the best hybrid combination. Based on this, the bending resistance and cracking of SPFRC beam members were investigated. The results demonstrate that the addition of fiber improves the compressive strength of ordinary concrete by 0.16% ∼ 17.69%, the splitting tensile strength by 15.18% ∼ 47.45%, and the bending strength by 3.54% ∼ 26.77%. Compared with single-fiber concrete, the hybrid fiber can achieve better internal microstructure, which further enhances the mechanical properties of the material. Hybrid fibers overlap within concrete beams, effectively redistributing stress and inhibiting the formation and propagation of cracks. For the three types of SPFRC beams, the cracking load is increased by 14.29% ∼ 28.57% compared with PC beam, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased by 9.68% ∼ 19.35%. The optimal dosage is determined as 1.0% SF, 0.6% Embossed polypropylene fiber (PBF). It provides reference for the application of SPFRC in flexural members.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and property study of sawdust-modified cement mortar","authors":"Yu Cheng, Jiatao Liu, Wentong Wang, Lu Jin, Shiying Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1457167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1457167","url":null,"abstract":"Sawdust, a solid waste generated during stone processing, poses a serious threat to the environment with its untreated accumulation. This paper first analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of sawdust, and discusses its mechanism of action in cement mortar. By systematically optimizing the blending ratio and modification method of sawdust, the sawdust-modified cement mortar with excellent performance was prepared. This study evaluates the key performance indicators of sawdust-modified cement mortar, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability, through a series of experiments. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of an appropriate amount of sawdust significantly enhances the mechanical properties of cement mortar, while also improving its durability, particularly in terms of freeze-thaw resistance. Microstructural analysis reveals the mechanism by which sawdust improves the pore structure of cement mortar; the active components in the sawdust react with the hydration products of cement, resulting in the formation of crystalline structures with higher strength.Therefore, the use of sawdust as a modifier in cement mortar can improve its mechanical properties and durability, while simultaneously reducing the accumulation of solid waste and promoting the sustainable development of building materials.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing the progress of corrosion fatigue research on marine structures","authors":"Yuefu Yang, Chaohe Chen, Yifeng Zhuang, Zhijia Suo","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1399292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1399292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of research into corrosion fatigue on marine structures, both theoretical and experimental. This includes corrosion fatigue life prediction models/methods, load–environment interaction/coupling test methods, accelerated corrosion methods in corrosion fatigue testing, fatigue crack measurement, and corrosion fatigue life assessment in the whole life period. To date, some theoretical models and methods for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of metallic materials or structures have been proposed and applied. Meanwhile, load–environment interaction/coupling testing on metallic material specimens has been maturely developed and widely applied. Some newly developed corrosion fatigue theoretical and experimental methods, based on data-driven machine learning and at-sea monitoring, have received preliminary application. This review of accelerated corrosion methods, fatigue crack measurement methods, and corrosion fatigue life assessment for marine structures in the whole-life period has been undertaken by extensive reference to relevant studies conducted worldwide. Challenges and recommendations for further developing and improving corrosion fatigue assessment methods and test techniques are also reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic numerical simulation of chloride diffusion behavior in cracked recycled aggregate concrete","authors":"Jing Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1441220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1441220","url":null,"abstract":"The cracking of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is well known to promotes the chloride diffusion, accelerates the corrosion of reinforcement embedded in RAC. To reveal the mechanism of chloride diffusion in RAC under cracking, a multiphase mesoscopic model for chloride diffusion in RAC was proposed. It should be noted that RAC is regarded as eight-phase composite materials consisting of coarse aggregate, reinforcement, new and old mortar, new and old interface transition zones (ITZ), cracks, and damage zones. The effects of the width and depth of cracks and damage zones on chloride diffusion behavior in RAC after cracking were further investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the damage zones accelerate the chloride diffusion and exacerbates the accumulation effect of chloride at the crack tip. Compared to the crack depth, the crack width of RAC has a small effect on chloride diffusion behavior, especially, the crack width is less than 50 µm. More importantly, the chloride diffusion streamline generated by numerical simulation reveals the mechanism of cracks promoting chloride diffusion. The research in this paper provides new insights into the durability design of RAC by revealing the diffusion behavior of chloride ions in RAC.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-component synthesis and invitro biological assessment of novel pyrrole derivatives and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives using Co3O4 nanoparticles as recyclable nanocatalyst","authors":"Tahani M. Almeleebia, Mokhtar Jasim Naser, Shakir Mahmood Saeed, Majeed M. Abid, Usama S. Altimari, Murtadha Laftah Shaghnab, Fadhil A. Rasen, Ahmed Alawadi, Irfan Ahmad, Ali Alsalamy","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1354560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1354560","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles were used as nanocatalyst for two different series of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, including pyrrole (Pyo) derivatives and pyrano [2, 3-c]pyrazole (Pya[2, 3-c]Pyz) derivatives. In the synthesis of derivatives, using 15 mol% and 10 mol% of the catalyst for Pyo derivatives and Pya[2, 3-c]Pyz derivatives, respectively, an efficiency between 83% and 96%, were observed. In addition, novel derivatives of Pyo and Pya[2,3-c]Pyz were synthesized and their structures were confirmed. In general, the advantages of using cobalt nanoparticles compared to previous reports include the synthesis of new derivatives, lower temperature used in the synthesis of derivatives, shorter synthesis time and high efficiency. The biological properties of the synthesized products, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, were tested and investigated. In antibacterial and antifungal tests, IZD, MIC, MBC, and MFC were measured and reported. In antioxidant activity, IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> was calculated and reported. High reusability, green and environmentally friendly, synthesis of new derivatives and synthesis of products with higher efficiency and shorter time were the important benefits of using cobalt nanoparticles as a catalyst. In antioxidant tests, the IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> for synthesized Pyo derivatives and Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives were between 12.2 and 13.71 μg/mL, and 16.18–17.75 μg/mL, respectively. In antimicrobial testes, the MIC for synthesized Pyo derivatives and Pya[2, 3-c]Pyz derivatives were between 2 and 4,096 μg/mL, and 2–2048 μg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the antioxidant property of Pyo derivatives were more than Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives, but the antimicrobial effect of Pya[2,3-c] Pyz derivatives were more than Pyo derivatives. The antioxidant results proved that the activity of Pyo derivatives and Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives does not depend on the substitutions of the derivatives and is close to each other. Therefore, based on this, a proposed mechanism for stability of DPPH by Pyo derivatives and Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives were suggested. Finally, based on the more stable resonance structures of Pyo derivatives, compared to Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives, its high antioxidant property was justified. Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives has two heterocyclic rings connected together pyrano and pyrazole, but Pyo derivatives has only one heterocyclic ring (pyrrole). So high antimicrobial property of Pya[2, 3-c] Pyz derivatives compared to Pyo derivatives can be attributed to having two bioactive heterocyclic rings.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of a compact radiation absorber for 5G applications","authors":"Imran Khan, Asma Alshehri, Pi-Chung Wang, Ibrahim A. Hameed","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1428912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1428912","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of electromagnetic wave pollution as a new form of pollution in human society is attributed to the advancements in communication technology and the electronic information business. In addition to harming priceless electronic equipment, these electromagnetic radiation and interference issues brought on by electrical and electronic devices have a major negative influence on human productivity and wellbeing. The secret to getting rid of electromagnetic radiation interference (EMI) and improving performance is electromagnetic shielding technology. Metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial that absorb EMI radiation. The benefits of metamaterial absorbers include their lightweight, simple construction, and excellent absorptivity.Methods: This paper proposes a novel metamaterial absorber for EMI radiation absorption. It consists of dielectric layers, metamaterial shielding layer and transmission line. The reflection of radiation is reduced by miniaturization of metamaterials.Results and Discussion: Simulation results show that the proposed design has better performance as compared to existing methods. The operating frequency range is from 23.1 to 28.3 GHz. The values of S<jats:sub>21</jats:sub> with and without shielding are −5 dB and −0.05 dB, and the shielding effectiveness is 10.10 dB and a maximum of 12.63 dB.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modulus characteristics and prediction model of semi-flexible materials filled with high-performance cement paste","authors":"Deyong Wang, Guoxun Li, Lingang Jiang, Huaizhi Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xiaowei Si","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1365896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1365896","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture is an important factor in the design of asphalt pavement, and many scholars have proposed different models for estimating the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture, but there are almost no studies on the prediction of the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials. In order to analyze and estimate the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials, we set up a high-performance cementitious paste (HPCP) semi-flexible material and a reference group Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA-16) under multiple conditions, first measured its dynamic modulus in the laboratory, and analyzed the dynamic modulus characteristics of the material, and then used the equation the estimation equation proposed by Witczak et al. (Witczak1-37A) as a benchmark to introduce a new parameter, grouting mass ratio (Pb) to develop a Witczak-G prediction model to compare and validate the predicted dynamic modulus with the measured values. The results show that compared with SMA-16, HPCP semi-flexible material exhibits higher dynamic modulus and lower phase angle, and its temperature sensitivity and deformation resistance are significantly better than those of SMA-16. Under the influence of porosity and Pb factor, the dynamic modulus is positively correlated with both factors, and the phase angle increases first and then decreases, showing strong elastic properties. In this paper, we propose a dynamic modulus prediction model based on viscosity and Pb, Witczak-G, which predicts the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of the predicted dynamic modulus as high as 0.99 after initial fitting and validation, which indicates that the Witczak-G model is suitable for predicting the dynamic modulus of semi-flexible materials injected with HPCP.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and mechanism research on hydrophobic coupling modification of HTV silicone rubber","authors":"Qiang Li, Mingdong Lei, Ziyou Li, Qiang Gan, Yong Sun, Xiaoxing Wei","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1405274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1405274","url":null,"abstract":"Neat high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV SR) showed bad hydrophobicity due to the existence of a large number of inorganic reinforcing fillers on its surface, which affected its security application in outdoor insulation systems. In this work, hydrophobic silane chains were grafted onto the surface of inorganic particles on the skin layer of HTV SR by a one-step coupling modification to improve its hydrophobicity. The effects of coupling agent types and coupling reaction conditions on the hydrophobicity of HTV SR were investigated. It was determined that the perfluorooctane trichlorosilicon with a large number of low surface energy fluorine atoms was the preferred coupling agent. The contact angle of HTV SR was increased by 15.70% when the optimal coupling reaction conditions were determined to be a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 4 h, and an amount of coupling agent of 0.5%. The study found that both etching reaction and grafting reaction occurred during the whole coupling modification process, which led to the disappearance or decrease of a lot of holes on the HTV SR surface. After the fluorination coupling reaction, the surface of HTV SR became smooth and dense that led to the decrease of water absorption. The result of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the formation of C-F bond in HTV SR after fluorination modification, and the energetic dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that the fluorine content on the surface of the fluorinated HTV SR increased significantly. Moreover, the stability analysis showed that the fluorinated HTV SR still had a good thermal stability and mechanical property stability.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for 3D-printing of clear aligners—a narrative review","authors":"Chenyang Niu, Dongwen Li, Yujia Zhang, Yunkai Wang, Shangbo Ning, Gang Zhao, Zhihui Ye, Yu Kong, Donghong Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1438660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1438660","url":null,"abstract":"Clear aligner therapy is a rapidly developing orthodontic treatment. 3D-printing technology, which enables the creation of complex geometric structures with high precision, has been used in dentistry. This article aims to summarize the various aspects of 3D-printing clear aligners and give an outlook on their future development. The traditional thermoforming technology is introduced and the principle and application of 3D-printed clear aligners and materials are introduced, as well as the application prospects of 3D-printed clear aligners. According to PRISMA statement, the relevant literature of 3D-printing clear aligner was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and other databases. We searched the related words in the MESH database and then carried out advanced searches. We read systematic review and conference papers to find the articles related to the subject and manually added and excluded articles by reading the title and abstract. The production of clear aligners combines computer-aided 3D analysis, personalized design and digital molding technology. The thickness and edges of the 3D-printed clear aligner can be digitally controlled, which allows appliance more efficiently fitted. Presently, the array of clear resins suitable for 3D-printing include photo polymeric clear methacrylate-based resin (Dental LT) (Form Labs, Somerville, Mass), aliphatic vinyl ester-polyurethane polymer (Tera Harz TC-85) (Graphy, Seoul, South Korea). They all have good biocompatibility. But no such material is currently approved on the market. Developing biocompatible resins and further improving the material’s mechanical properties will be critical for the combination of 3D-printing and clear aligners. However, the literature on 3D-printed clear aligners is limited and lacks clinical application. Further <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> tests, as well as additional exploration in conjunction with corresponding cytological tests, are required for the research on available materials and machinery for 3D-printing clear aligners.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}