Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Urban greenspaces reduce the community specialization of soil nematodes","authors":"Justin Louis Kafana Coulibaly ,&nbsp;Xin Gong ,&nbsp;Yuanhu Shao ,&nbsp;Huayuan Shangguan ,&nbsp;Alexis Kayiranga ,&nbsp;Ismail Koné ,&nbsp;Yanjiang Cai ,&nbsp;Xin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization converts natural lands into anthropogenic-disturbed soils, which can dramatically influence soil biota. However, how urbanization influences patterns of soil biodiversity and the effects on habitat sensible groups, generalist and specialist species, are poorly understood. Here, we examined the responses of diversity and community composition of soil nematodes, the most abundant metazoans on Earth, to several urban land use types (i.e., forests, farmlands, green belts, hospitals, industrials, urban parks, and residential areas) related to urbanization. We found moderate effects of land use and its associated variables on patterns of species richness, but more dramatic changes in the abundance of habitat specialists versus generalists. Specifically, while specialists tended to be reduced, primarily due to an increase in soil pH, generalists were robust to land use changes, buffering the overall effect on the overall nematode diversity. Furthermore, our results showed that human density, as a proxy of urbanization intensity, was linked to changes in soil pH between land use types. Our results suggest that urbanization could influence the community composition of soil nematodes by favoring generalists over specialists. Together, these findings highlight the importance of understanding and considering the ecological consequences of urbanization on soil microfauna specialization in light of the urban land use management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive spatial mapping of metals and metalloids in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using advanced geospatial data Integration","authors":"Samuel Pizarro ,&nbsp;Narcisa G. Pricope ,&nbsp;Jesús Vera ,&nbsp;Juancarlos Cruz ,&nbsp;Sphyros Lastra ,&nbsp;Richard Solórzano-Acosta ,&nbsp;Patricia Verástegui Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality and safety of soil are crucial for ensuring social and economic development and providing contaminant-free food. The availability and quality of soil data, particularly for multiple metals and metalloids, are often insufficient for comprehensive analysis. Soil formation and the distribution of metals are shaped by various factors such as geology, climate, topography, and human activities, making accurate modeling highly challenging. Additionally, agricultural intensification, urban expansion, road construction, and mining activities frequently result in soil pollution, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. This study aims to integrate diverse geospatial datasets with machine learning for high resolution soil contamination mapping (10 m spatial resolution) in a major agricultural region of Peruvian highlands. This study mapped 25 elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be, K, Na, As, Sb, Se, Tl, Cd, Zn, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Fe, Co, Mn, V) in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using a training dataset of 109 topsoil samples combined with various geospatial datasets (remote sensing, climate, topography, soil data, and distance). The model provided satisfactory results in predicting the spatial distribution of the selected elements, with R² values ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 for most elements. Edaphic, climate, and topographic covariates were the most significant predictors, particularly for croplands near rivers, whereas spectral variables were less important. The results reveal As, Pb, and Cd concentrations significantly above permissible limits, highlighting urgent health risks. These findings suggest that it is feasible to identify polluted soils and improve regulations based on widely available geospatial datasets with minimal training data. The study contributes to the development of models to assess the impact of pollutants on environmental and human health in the short-to-medium term, emphasizing the need for further research on the translocation of toxic metals into food crops and the implications for public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the most relevant soil structure parameter to describe field-measured N2O emissions?","authors":"Emile Maillet ,&nbsp;Agnès Grossel ,&nbsp;Isabelle Cousin ,&nbsp;Laurent Arbaret ,&nbsp;Lionel Cottenot ,&nbsp;Marine Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil are partly controlled by aeration and gas transfer in soil, and thus by soil structure. The intensity of N₂O emissions is usually expressed according to the water filled pore space (WFPS), calculated using the soil bulk density. These factors, even if they describe the soil structure and the water proportion in the porous network, do not inform about porous network characteristics among scales and their connectivity. The aim of this work was therefore to determine (1) to what extent the soil structure of an agricultural soil controlled N₂O emissions during a snap-shot campaign and (2) which metric of gas transfer or soil structure was the most appropriate to describe the N₂O emission variability at field scale. N₂O emissions were measured with a mobile chamber on a maize crop after fertilization with several soil management practices resulting in four soil states (strip-till versus tillage, compacted soil versus uncompacted) with contrasting soil structure. Soil cylinders and bulk soil were sampled from 24 plots exhibiting a strong gradient in N₂O emissions. Classical soil physical and chemical properties were measured, including soil bulk density and water filled pore space. Soil structure also was characterized quantitatively by X-ray tomography at meso and macro scales, and indirectly by gas transfer parameters. Clear differences were observed between low and high emission plots in terms of soil structure, soil temperature and nitrate concentration. However, soil structure appeared more strongly connected to N₂O emissions, and some thresholds on soil structural indicators were relevant to disentangle high and low N₂O fluxes. Some structural indicators at both scales (e.g. porosity, surface density) and gas transfer parameters (relative gas diffusivity, air permeability) were good descriptors of the observed N₂O fluxes. Nevertheless, the gas transfer parameters can be easily measured over a short period of time, whereas the soil structure indicators determined from 3D images require an acquisition and a processing phase that can be time consuming. A good compromise to evaluate the field N₂O flux potential from an easy measure would be to evaluate the relative gas diffusivity, which directly controls the diffusion of oxygen in soil and thereby the microbial processes of N₂O production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distribution and variability of soil organic carbon and CaCO3 in deep Colluvisols modeled by hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Jessica Reyes-Rojas ,&nbsp;Julien Guigue ,&nbsp;Daniel Žížala ,&nbsp;Vít Penížek ,&nbsp;Tomáš Hrdlička ,&nbsp;Petra Vokurková ,&nbsp;Aleš Vaněk ,&nbsp;Tereza Zádorová","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acceleration of soil erosion in undulating landscapes due to human activities has led to a larger area of land being affected by intensive soil redistribution. Colluvisols, sedimentary soils formed on concave slope positions, are considered to be important indicators of soil-landscape processes and soil organic carbon pools. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging in visible and near-infrared range to assess the detailed variability (both vertical and within each colluvial layer and in-situ soil horizon) of soil organic carbon (SOC) and CaCO₃ concentrations in three deep Colluvisols developed on loess and located at different slope positions in southeast Czechia, and evaluate whether this in-detail mapped microvariability can be used as a proxy to assess the dynamics and history of colluvial sedimentation. A variety of nonlinear machine learning techniques such as cubist regression tree (Cubist), random forest (RF), support vector machine regression (SVMR) and one linear technique partial least square regression (PLSR) were compared to determine the most suitable model for the prediction of SOC and CaCO₃ content in each profile. The results showed that RF provided the best performance for both SOC (R² = 0.75) and CaCO₃ (R² = 0.76) contents. The maps depict significant differences in the vertical variability of the predicted properties in the profiles depending on the different intensity, form and period of sedimentation resulting from the slope position. The within-horizon/layer variability of SOC proves to be a suitable indicator of the character of deposition. High variability has been shown mainly in the medieval layers, where it reflects high-energy material redeposition, while low variability in the oldest and youngest parts of the profiles is probably associated with the type of deposited material and frequent pedoturbation, respectively. The within-horizon/layer variability of CaCO₃, on the other hand, is independent of the dynamics of deposition. The study showed that imaging spectroscopy is a suitable tool to capture the detailed pattern of the colluvial matrix and, with appropriate sampling and processing, is applicable even in very deep soil profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for agricultural recycling of struvite and zeolites to improve soil microbial physiology and mitigate CO2 emissions","authors":"G. Galamini ,&nbsp;G. Ferretti ,&nbsp;C. Rosinger ,&nbsp;S. Huber ,&nbsp;A. Mentler ,&nbsp;E. Diaz–Pines ,&nbsp;B. Faccini ,&nbsp;K.M. Keiblinger","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling nutrients in agroecosystems is becoming increasingly important to promote agricultural sustainability. Struvite and nitrogen (N)-enriched zeolites produced via wastewater treatment offer the potential for nutrient recycling. However, their effects on soil properties, particularly on microbial physiology, remain largely unknown; especially regarding microbial feedback, from which losses or sequestration of essential elements may result. This study investigates the short-term (three days) physiological responses of soil microorganisms, changes in available nutrients, and the immediate effects on soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions following the application of struvite and N-enriched zeolites derived from liquid digestate, alongside natural zeolites amendments in an acidic sandy soil. All treatments increased soil pH, which emerged as a driving factor in the dissolution of labile organic carbon (C) and the microbial production of N-, C-, and phosphorus (P)-acquiring extracellular enzymes. As soil pH increased, the stoichiometric ratio of microbial biomass C (C_mic) to microbial biomass N (N_mic), along with the enzymatic C:N ratio decreased, suggesting a superior effect on microbial N-cycling compared to C-cycling. Carbon dioxide emissions increased, particularly with the application of organic fertilizer (digestate), where the highest microbial metabolic quotient reflected increased catabolic activity due to the immediate availability of organic C. Overall, zeolitized tuffs demonstrated the potential to mitigate CO₂ emissions, likely due to CO₂ adsorption capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From plants to patterns: Constructing a comprehensive online strontium isoscape for Belgium (IsoBel) using high density grid mapping","authors":"Amanda Sengeløv ,&nbsp;Giacomo Capuzzo ,&nbsp;Sarah Dalle ,&nbsp;Hannah F. James ,&nbsp;Charlotte Sabaux ,&nbsp;Elisavet Stamataki ,&nbsp;Marta Hlad ,&nbsp;Carina T. Gerritzen ,&nbsp;Emma M. Legrand ,&nbsp;Barbara Veselka ,&nbsp;Guy De Mulder ,&nbsp;Rica Annaert ,&nbsp;Mathieu Boudin ,&nbsp;Kevin Salesse ,&nbsp;Eugène Warmenbol ,&nbsp;Nadine Mattielli ,&nbsp;Christophe Snoeck ,&nbsp;Martine Vercauteren","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatial distribution of strontium isotopes in plants or other archives within a region is crucial for various fields, including archaeology, environmental studies, food sciences and forensic science. This study aims to create a detailed dynamic strontium isoscape for Belgium through high-density plant sampling, presented in a web application (IsoBel) that serves the mentioned research fields. A total of 540 plant samples (199 locations), representing various species of grass, shrubs, and trees across Belgium were collected and were analysed for their strontium isotope ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) to create a first biologically available strontium map. Sampling sites were selected to cover diverse lithological formations and soil types, ensuring representative coverage of the region’s geological heterogeneity, by using a novel high density grid mapping method. Sixty-four previously published plants from 21 locations are also included in this study, bringing the total amount of plant samples used to 604 from 220 locations. The results reveal significant variations in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr across Belgium (ranging from 0.7054 to 0.7259), which reflect the underlying lithology and geological processes (tectonics, weathering,…) which shaped the landscape. Although overlapping ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is seen across the majority of lithologies, there is a statistically significant difference between the distribution of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values across all different lithological units in Belgium (Kruskal-Wallis test; p &lt; 0.0001). Distinct regional patterns were observed, with higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in the older geological south-eastern part of Belgium, compared to the younger north-western parts. The high-density plant sampling approach employed in this study allowed for enhanced spatial resolution and improved accuracy in the predictive surfaces for bioavailable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr created by Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK). These findings provide valuable insights into the geographic distribution of strontium isotopes within Belgium and offer a foundation for future studies in archaeology, ecology, environmental studies, food sciences and forensics. Furthermore, the extensive coverage of various plant species provided a robust representation of the local ecosystems and their strontium sources. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on regional strontium isoscapes, enhancing our understanding of the complex interplay between litho- and biosphere in shaping the strontium isotope compositions of ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen deposition mitigates long-term phosphorus input-induced stimulative effects on soil respiration in a tropical forest","authors":"Xingyun Huang ,&nbsp;Yingwen Li ,&nbsp;Shiqin Yu ,&nbsp;Yongxing Cui ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Guan ,&nbsp;Yongxing Li ,&nbsp;Jingtao Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Hu ,&nbsp;Zhian Li ,&nbsp;Ping Zhuang ,&nbsp;Bi Zou ,&nbsp;Guoming Qin ,&nbsp;Jingfan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinge Zhou ,&nbsp;Ruyi Ding ,&nbsp;Faming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and anthropogenic phosphorus (P) input simultaneously affect soil respiration (R_S), a crucial process that mediates soil carbon (C) cycling. However, the interaction of N deposition and anthropogenic P input on R_S, as well as its components—autotrophic respiration (R_A) and heterotrophic respiration (R_H)—remain largely unexplored. Herein, we conducted an 8-year field experiment with N and P additions in a tropical secondary forest, integrating the vegetation traits, soil physicochemical properties, organic C fractions, and microbial properties, to explore the effects of nutrient inputs and their interactions on R_S, R_A, and R_H. Over eight years, along P input significantly increased R_S by 19.2% and R_H by 42.1%. These increases were partially mitigated (by 33.2% annually for R_S and 58.3% annually for R_H) with the addition of N. In contrast, the co-addition of N and P enhanced R_A compared to alone N or P addition, suggesting that N deposition mitigated the stimulative effect of P input on R_S by reducing R_H rather than R_A. The structural equation model further revealed that N deposition reduced R_H primarily by increasing soil N:P ratio and decreasing both the labile C fraction and fungi biomass. Our findings suggest that prevalent N deposition across low latitudes could have substantially mitigate C emissions from forest soils under anthropogenic P input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil water repellency of two disturbed soils contaminated with different agricultural microplastics tested under controlled laboratory conditions","authors":"Železnikar Špela ,&nbsp;Drobne Damjana ,&nbsp;Hočevar Matej ,&nbsp;Noč Matic ,&nbsp;Pintar Marina","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil water repellency (SWR) significantly affects plant growth, along with surface and subsurface hydrology, posing a challenge for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Nowadays, the occurrence of microplastics (MP) in the environment, particularly from agricultural practices, raises concerns about MP impact on soil properties. Among them, SWR is affected by hydrophobicity of MP particles detected in soils. This study introduces a method and presents results of a screening test to assess the effects of MP on SWR, utilizing Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) analysis under controlled laboratory conditions in destructed soil samples. We compared SWR of two soil types differing in portion of sand, loam and clay. Soils were mixed with three different types of MP originating from agricultural mulch films: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and starch-based biodegradable plastics (Starch). The MP were milled to a uniform size range of some 10 to 300 μm and mixed with the soil samples. WDPT measurements were taken immediately after mixing and recorded for up to 60 s in order to find MP concentration levels at which strongly or more severely water repellency is inducted on soil samples. Our findings reveal that both, soil type and MP type significantly influence SWR, where there are notable differences observed between bio-based (Starch based) and non-bio-based (LDPE and PBAT) plastics’ effects on SWR in the two tested soil types. Data highlights the distinct behaviour of Starch in altering soil hydrophobicity, prominently different from the impact of both PBAT and LDPE. The measurement technique we have developed for quantifying SWR levels could be used for both research applications and the dissemination of findings. It can significantly enhance decision-making processes regarding the selection of optimal plastic alternatives for agricultural use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal sensing characterization of polygenetic soils variability in Brazil","authors":"Fernanda Magno Silva ,&nbsp;Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira ,&nbsp;Marcelo Mancini ,&nbsp;Giovana Clarice Poggere ,&nbsp;Alberto Vasconcellos Inda ,&nbsp;Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ,&nbsp;Nilton Curi ,&nbsp;David C. Weindorf ,&nbsp;Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In tropical regions, pedogenesis studies are challenging since most soils are polygenetic and studies on this approach are still lacking. Thus, complementary data is needed to understand their formation, which has been possible through proximal sensing tools. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of proximal sensing data to investigate the presence of lithological discontinuities and the within-profile variation of polygenetic soils formed from different parent materials and with varying weathering degrees. Soil morphology, texture, fertility, mineralogy, and reflectance analyses were conducted to characterize soil samples collected per horizon from five studied profiles. Additional samples were collected following a 15 x 15 cm grid and analyzed via portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry. Parent material discontinuities were investigated through the ratios Ti/Zr, Si/Al, fine sand/coarse sand (FS/CS), and differences in the mineralogy of the sand, silt, and clay fractions. The five studied profiles were classified as: Fluvic Cambisol (CY), Sideralic Cambisol (CX), Xanthic Gibbsic Ferralsol (LA), Xanthic Ferralsol (LVA), and Rhodic Gibbsic Ferralsol (LV) per the World Reference Base (WRB/FAO) for Soil Resources. pXRF data revealed within-horizon variation of elemental contents. Chemical traits of anthropic and pedogenetic origin were successfully identified. The Ti/Zr ratio and mineralogical analysis of the sand, silt, and clay fractions were able to identify parent material discontinuities in LVA. By interpreting Vis-NIR spectra, it was possible to separate soils based on texture and mineralogy. Proximal sensor data, especially from pXRF, allowed for the detection of parent material discontinuities that were unapparent during field morphology analysis, contributing to improved details on soil genesis assessment and comprehension of previous soil formation events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding soil sampling to household surveys: Information for sample design from pilot data","authors":"R.M. Lark ,&nbsp;L. Mlambo ,&nbsp;H. Pswarayi ,&nbsp;D. Zardetto ,&nbsp;S. Gourlay","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large sample surveys with households, or individuals within households, as the basic sampled units, are important sources of information on variables related to household income, economic activity, food security and nutritional status. In many circumstances the advantages of supplementing these surveys with sampling of the soil from fields or other land units which the households cultivate may seem obvious, as a source of information on the quality of the soil on which households depend, and potential limitations on their food security such as soil pH or nutrient status. However, it is not certain that household surveys, designed to examine social and economic variables, will be efficient for collecting soil information, or will provide adequate estimates of soil property means at scales of interest. Additional sampling might be necessary, so an attendant question is whether this is feasible. In this paper we use data on soil pH and soil carbon inferred by spectral measurements on soil specimens collected from land cultivated by households in Uganda and Ethiopia to estimate variance components for these properties, and from these the standard errors for mean values at District (Uganda) or Zone (Ethiopia) level by household surveys with different designs. Similar calculations were done for direct measurement of soil carbon and soil pH from a spatial sample in Malawi from which variograms were used to infer the variance components corresponding to the levels of a household survey. The results allow the calculation of sample sizes at different levels of the design, required to allow estimates of particular quantities to be obtained with specified precision. The numbers of sampled enumeration areas required to obtain estimates of district or zone-level means with the arbitrary specified precision were large, but the feasibility of such sampling must be judged for a particular application, and the precision appropriate for that. The presented method makes that possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}