Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing irrigation in arid irrigated farmlands based on soil water movement processes: Knowledge from water isotope data","authors":"Siyu Lu ,&nbsp;Guofeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Dongdong Qiu ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Yinying Jiao ,&nbsp;Gaojia Meng ,&nbsp;Xinrui Lin ,&nbsp;Qinqin Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Longhu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding soil water movement processes in cultivated land is crucial for developing sound irrigation strategies. However, current knowledge regarding the fate of water after irrigation remains incomplete. Therefore, this study was conducted in a maize field in Datan Township, Minqin County, where precipitation, irrigation water, soil, and maize stalk samples were collected during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 and subjected to stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis. Soil water infiltration and evaporation losses following irrigation were analyzed using a soil water balance equation and isotope mass conservation. Evapotranspiration partitioning at the hourly scale in Datan Township farmland after irrigation was quantitatively analyzed using the isotope steady-state (ISS) assumption. The results showed that: (1) During the maize growing season after irrigation, an average of approximately 24.65 % of the irrigation water infiltrated below 1 m, and 13.6 % was lost to soil evaporation. (2) Following irrigation, the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) at the hourly scale was higher from 7:00 PM to 8:00 AM the next day, indicating lower crop water loss and more efficient water use by vegetation during this period. (3) Variations in irrigation timing caused deviations in hourly T/ET fluctuations. Midday irrigation increased the diurnal range of T/ET, resulting in a lower daily average T/ET value, while morning or evening irrigation increased the daily average T/ET value. This research enhances our understanding of farmland hydrological processes in the arid northwest region. Based on our findings, we propose that reducing single irrigation amounts, adjusting irrigation timing, and adopting subsurface drip irrigation are effective water-saving strategies for arid farmland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the influence of soil-rock interfaces on water infiltration rate in karst landscapes","authors":"Liu Jiaxin ,&nbsp;Deng Ziming ,&nbsp;Chen Liding ,&nbsp;Yong Huang ,&nbsp;Peng Xiaoyu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective water management in karst landscapes is crucial for sustainable land use and ecological conservation. Understanding soil water infiltration, particularly the role of soil-rock interfaces, is vital yet understudied. This study examines the influence of soil-rock interfaces on water infiltration in a karst landscape through in-situ infiltration tests and dye tracer experiments conducted in Southwest China. The research aims to determine how rock outcrops affect soil properties and preferential flow paths, thereby enhancing water infiltration. Soils near rock outcrops (SR) showed significantly lower bulk density, higher porosity, and greater saturated hydraulic conductivity compared to soils farther from outcrops (S), leading to improved infiltration rates. The SR treatment exhibited infiltration rates up to 5.7 times higher than the S treatment, underscoring the role of the soil-rock interface as a preferential infiltration pathway. Dye tracer experiments confirmed the presence of complex infiltration channels at the soil-rock interface, with gaps and macropores facilitating rapid water movement. Quantitative analysis of infiltration channels revealed that the soil-rock gap contributed 60.5 % to total infiltration, loose soil adjacent to rock contributed 19.5 %, and soil away from rock contributed 20 %. These findings have significant implications for water management, vegetation restoration, and soil conservation in karst regions. Leveraging natural soil-rock interfaces can support sustainable land management practices, enhancing water availability and ecosystem resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revegetation drives the accrual and stabilization of organic carbon in biocrusts and subsoils in the Tengger Desert, north China","authors":"Xiaojun Li ,&nbsp;Qun Guo ,&nbsp;Rongliang Jia ,&nbsp;Yanhong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revegetation serves as a critical strategy for desertification reversal and ecosystem restoration in global drylands, which facilitates the development of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) thereby significantly influencing C accumulation and persistence in biocrusts and subsoils. However, the quantitative aspects of SOC accrual and its stabilization mechanisms during biocrust development process following revegetation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the temporal evolution of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) fractions in biocrusts and the underlying soil layers (0–2 and 2–5 cm) along a 68-year revegetation chronosequence in the Tengger Desert. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms governing the accumulation and stabilization of SOC in biocrust profiles in these fragile ecosystems by analyzing the relationships between SOC fractions and biotic and abiotic factors. Results revealed substantial SOC accumulation across all layers, with biocrusts showing a 91.77-fold increase over the study period compared with the 38.33– and 7.07-fold increases in the 0–2 and 2–5 cm layers, respectively. MAOC concentrations increased significantly from 1.14 to 5.65 g kg⁻¹ in biocrusts, 0.001 to 1.49 g kg⁻¹ in 0–2 cm soil, and 0.002 to 0.33 g kg⁻¹ in 2–5 cm soil. Consequently, the MAOC proportion of total SOC ranged from 19.89 %–37.36 % in biocrusts, 1.46 %–41.99 % in 0–2 cm soil, and 1.59 %–30.96 % in 2–5 cm soil after 68 years. Although POC concentrations also increased, its proportions decreased significantly, and they remained dominant (&gt;58 % of the total SOC) across all layers throughout the chronosequence. Biocrusts accounted for 45.10–70.02 % of the total SOC and 48.11–71.52 % of MAOC stocks in the profile, establishing their pivotal role in SOC accumulation and stabilization in rehabilitated dryland ecosystems. Estimated maximum MAOC concentrations (6.94, 2.55, and 0.96 g kg⁻¹ for the three layers, respectively) and their corresponding proportions (43.50 %, 46.32 %, and 40.05 %) remained substantially below theoretical saturation thresholds, indicating considerable residual sequestration and stabilization potential. Mechanistic analysis showed that revegetation drives SOC accrual and stabilization in biocrust profile through modulating plant-biocrust inputs, soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, C-degrading enzyme activities, and MBC. These findings provide crucial insights in C cycling in biocrusts associated with revegetation in arid ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of biocrust development and conservation for long-term SOC sequestration and persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying by worming: deciphering how earthworms dry tundra soil","authors":"J. Klaminder ,&nbsp;L. Hedström ,&nbsp;H. Jonsson ,&nbsp;J. Lee ,&nbsp;L. Lizana","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep-burrowing earthworms (anecic and endogeic species) can dry soils by reworking mineral soil layers. Although this ‘drying effect’ has been reported across many ecosystems, including the Fennoscandian tundra, little is known about the driving processes. In this study, we measure plant transpiration in combination with controlled experiments of water holding capacity and evaporation to assess drivers of soil–water losses in tundra soil as the result of endogeic and anecic earthworms. Our experimental system was a common garden experiment with shrub-dominated (heath) and forb-dominated (meadow) vegetation (N = 48), where long-term monitoring revealed drier soils due to the addition of earthworms. Although we found that tundra plant transpiration was highest during the peak growing season and that meadow soil had a higher field capacity, our earthworm treatment did not strongly affect these two parameters. Evaporation, on the other hand, was on average 14 % higher in the meadow with earthworms although no such effect was observed in the heath soil. Using a network model of macropore vapor transfer that measures evaporation effects, we found an increase in macropore conductance between the subsoil and the atmosphere and that the vaporization rate in relation to the diffusion rate controls the strength of the evaporation effect. Our findings underscore the need to account for evaporation due to the reworking of pore architectures by soil biota when predicting changes in soil–water availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon and nitrogen cycling in an urban constructed technosol: The artist-led carbon sponge pilot study","authors":"Sara Perl Egendorf ,&nbsp;Maha Deeb ,&nbsp;Brooke Singer ,&nbsp;Nkwi Flores ,&nbsp;Marisa Prefer ,&nbsp;Zhongqi Cheng ,&nbsp;Peter Groffman","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban sustainability initiatives rely on healthy soils, and increasingly turn to constructed soils or constructed Technosols (CTs) to create green spaces, green infrastructure, and urban agriculture. However, CTs must be better understood, particularly in terms of their nutrient dynamics, to optimize their ecological functions. In the Carbon Sponge pilot study, located at the New York Hall of Science in Queens, NY, USA, our objective, through an artist-led collaboration, was to evaluate the effects of different plant communities on CT formation and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The artistic processes were rooted in social practice, focused more on practical outcomes than aesthetics. We constructed soils from excavated glacially-deposited sediments from the NYC Clean Soil Bank and urban municipal composts at a 2:1 vol:volume (v:v) ratio, and created 24 beds under 8 different planting regimes: control (bare, no plants); sunflowers; edibles (ground cherries and okra); cover crop mixture; and each of their combinations. We found that soils changed significantly over the study duration of 21 months (p = 0.001), particularly in terms of microbial biomass N content, an index of internal soil N cycling processes; the presence of sunflowers increased soil C and ammonium; and the presence of cover crop mixtures increased nitrate and ammonium. Over time, we observed an increase in microbial biomass C and N content and a decline in microbial respiration, suggesting the development of a soil microbial community that actively cycles C and N. Diverse planting combinations enhanced microbial development, yet all plants thrived in CTs, demonstrating their suitability for urban agriculture and horticulture, while enhancing ecosystem services and facilitating art-and-community-based initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of differentially structured cushion plants on soil organic carbon content under dry high-mountain periglacial conditions","authors":"Marcin Sulwiński ,&nbsp;Monika Mętrak ,&nbsp;Patryk Czortek ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Suska-Malawska","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cushion plants are often viewed as ecosystem engineers, transforming soil conditions and supporting succession processes in dry and periglacial areas. However, the impact of the cushion plants on their habitat and other plant species may vary depending on how stressful the general conditions are. Therefore, to assess how cushion plants influence soil organic carbon (SOC) content under highly stressful environmental conditions, we conducted a study in a model area combining features typical for periglacial and hyperarid regions and characterised by one of the lowest documented organic carbon contents in soil. We selected three cushion plant species differing in morphological structure and place of litter accumulation and compared: (1) the organic carbon content in soils under the cushions against the background organic carbon values in soils outside cushions; (2) the organic carbon content in soils under the three selected species, looking for trends related to their structural differences; and (3) we studied changes in SOC content in the distance from the glacier terminus, along with the expected temperature and moisture gradients. Even under highly demanding environmental conditions, the organic carbon content in soils under the cushions was between 2.4 and 23.7 times higher than in the outside soils. The SOC content was influenced by the cushion structure, including place of litter storage, and environmental factors, including climatic features and soil characteristics. Among the latter, the most important factors were the effects of soil temperature and moisture interplay along the foreland and soil content of inorganic nitrogen. Further aridification projected for the studied area will influence the distribution and coverage of the cushion plants and impact environmental factors shaping organic carbon content under them. Hence, we may expect changes in the role of the cushion plants in nutrient storage in dry high-mountain periglacial areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinning intensity influences the C:N:P stoichiometry in forest ecosystems: A global synthesis","authors":"Chongwei Fan ,&nbsp;Guiyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongyang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenggang Du ,&nbsp;Ruiqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Yanghui He ,&nbsp;Changjiang Huang ,&nbsp;Shuying Qiu ,&nbsp;Yimin Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Xuhui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest thinning potentially alters carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting their C:N:P stoichiometry as well as the key ecosystem services they support. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta-analyses have been conducted to examine thinning effects on ecosystem C and N cycles, how forest thinning, especially its intensity, affects the C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soil, and microbes remains poorly known. Here, we carried out a global meta-analysis of 779 paired observations from 136 peer-reviewed articles to assess effects of forest thinning on C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soil, and microbes in global forests. Our results showed that, on average, forest thinning significantly increased soil C and P pools by 5.0% and 11.1%, and microbial biomass C, N, and, P pools by 9.3%, 12.0%, and 38.4%, respectively. In contrast, forest thinning decreased plant P pool, soil C:P and N:P ratios, and microbial C:N and N:P ratios. More importantly, the effects of forest thinning on C:N:P stoichiometry largely varied with forest thinning intensity. Specifically, heavy thinning significantly decreased plant C:N ratios and soil N:P ratios, whereas light and moderate thinning had positive or insignificant effects on C:N:P stoichiometry. Thinning-induced changes in the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios were positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), but negatively with post-thinning duration and stand age. These findings highlight the impact of thinning intensity on the connection between above- and belowground processes, which may decouple the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P in forest ecosystems. Future forest management could implement an appropriate forest thinning intensity to ensure ecosystem functionality and maintain the balance and stability of ecosystem elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chronosequence of climosequences: The evolution of ecological soil thresholds in Hawaiian volcanic soils","authors":"Thomas P. Haensel ,&nbsp;Jesse Bloom Bateman ,&nbsp;Tai McClellan Maaz ,&nbsp;Jonathan L. Deenik ,&nbsp;Noa K. Lincoln","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil-forming factors of climate and time directly influence mineral weathering, nutrient flow, and soil pedogenesis. Soil properties do not respond linearly to climate and time, but rather, follow a series of pedogenic thresholds that delimit soil process domains defined by dominant chemical buffer systems. These pedogenic thresholds relate to soil fertility and ecological gradients, although they are not equivalent due to differences in the dynamics between surface soils and the entire solum. Here, we identified thresholds in surface soils derived from Hawaiian substrates across gradients of water balance and soil substrate geologic age while controlling for other soil-forming factors (i.e., topography, biota, and parent material). We conducted extensive field sampling (n = 577) and analysis of soil properties, chiefly elemental analysis, pH, and exchangeable nutrients. With the use of previously published soil data (n = 285), we created a chronosequence (5, 15, 20, 120, 150, 450, 1,400, 4,100 ky) of eight climosequences. We statistically determined thresholds across each climosequence using four types of non-linear breakpoint analyses. We quantified thresholds delineating the exhaustion of primary minerals on all eight substrates and thresholds indicating the mobilization of iron on the three oldest soil substrates. Across the chronosequence, thresholds in surface soils shifted to drier climates (i.e., lower water balance values) as soil substrate age increased, following a highly predictable (R² = 0.94) logarithmic decay function, with rapid evolution occurring in young soils and deceleration of change occurring in older soils. The youngest substrate (5 ky) did not follow this logarithmic pattern, which we hypothesize (based on previous studies) is due to surface area reactivity limitations. The pedogenesis of Hawaiian soils and the evolution of their ecological soil thresholds offer a well-behaved model system for broader implications regarding soils forming in more complex, continental settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117427"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover crops alter soil physicochemical properties: A global meta-analysis","authors":"Fulai Yan ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Arthur","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crops are widely recognized for their potential to enhance soil health, but their effects on soil physicochemical properties under diverse conditions remain poorly understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 225 studies to quantify the impacts of cover crops on 15 key soil properties. Across all studies, cover crops significantly reduced soil bulk density by 3.2 % and penetration resistance by 11.8 %. They also increased water stable aggregates by 15.9 %, total porosity by 6.1 %, and water infiltration by 37.2 %. No significant changes were observed for soil air permeability, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. The effects of cover crops were influenced by climatic factors, management practices, and soil texture. Specifically, the mean annual temperature was positively correlated with reductions in bulk density and increases in soil water content, while mean annual precipitation correlated positively with changes in water infiltration and aggregate stability. Management practices, such as cover crop type, residue placement, and conservation tillage, further enhanced outcomes, with mixed and Poaceae cover crops showing the greatest improvements. Additionally, soil texture and initial soil pH influenced these effects, with fine- and medium-textured soils showing notable benefits. Relationships among soil parameters revealed synergistic improvements in porosity, infiltration, and aggregate stability, emphasizing the diverse benefits of cover crops to soil structure. These findings emphasize the significant potential of cover crops to enhance soil physical properties and water dynamics, establishing them as an essential component of sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117436"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global synthesis reveals that environmental factors drive the proportion of ectomycorrhizal exploration types","authors":"Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Cunguo Wang ,&nbsp;Ivano Brunner ,&nbsp;Yingtong Zhou ,&nbsp;Junni Wang ,&nbsp;Qinrong Tang ,&nbsp;Mai-He Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploration types serve as a link between the morphological characteristics of hyphae in ectomycorrhizal fungi and the diverse nutrient-acquisition strategies employed by ectomycorrhizal trees. However, the influence of biological, climatic, edaphic and geomorphic factors on the prevalence of the contact and short-distance exploration types (CS) <em>versus</em> the medium-distance and long-distance exploration types (ML) remains inadequately understood within global forest ecosystems. Here, we conducted a global synthesis of 458 observations across 310 forest stands derived from 58 studies. We found that the proportion of CS exhibited unimodal patterns, while the proportion of ML displayed reverse unimodal patterns, in relation to latitude and nitrogen deposition. The proportion of CS decreased linearly, while that of ML increased non-linearly, leading to the decreased CS/ML ratio with advancing stand age. The CS/ML ratio significantly decreased with rising soil magnesium concentration. The relationships of the proportions of CS and ML with biological, climatic, edaphic and geomorphic factors varied among genus identities such as <em>Picea</em> and <em>Pinus</em>. They showed contrasting relationships of the proportions of CS and ML with soil pH and mean annual precipitation. The observed variations in exploration types underscore a significant shift in the resource exploration strategies of different hosts in forest ecosystems at various successional stages in response to alterations in nutrient/water availability. These changes have implications for the carbon sequestration capacity and potential of global forest ecosystems in the context of ongoing global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"460 ","pages":"Article 117430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}