Giornale italiano di cardiologia最新文献

{"title":"[Physical exercise prescription in the cardiological setting].","authors":"Giampiero Patrizi, Maurizio Casasco, Fabrizio Oliva, Pasquale Perrone Filardi","doi":"10.1714/4650.46645","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefits of physical exercise are well established and universally recognized, but, at the same time, in our nation we are forced to face extremely annoying data about sedentary habits that directly correlate with the outbreak of many cardiovascular risk factors or with the worsening of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. For these reasons, the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SIC Sport) and the Italian Federation of Sport Medicine (FMSI), in collaboration with the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), have decided to update the only previous edition, dating back to 2007, of the \"Document on physical exercise prescription in a cardiological setting\". Our aim is to provide physicians and other professional subjects directly involved (i.e. kinesiologists) with, at the same time, updated scientific knowledge and clear and precise indications in order to arrive to a really tailored prescription of \"physical exercise-drug\". The aim of this review is to summarize this new version and underline its innovations when compared to the previous edition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Occupational cardiology: a new frontier of cardiovascular prevention].","authors":"Alessandro Biffi, Fredrick Fernando, Michele Messina, Lorena De Martino, Stefano Palermi","doi":"10.1714/4650.46646","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. The workplace represents an ideal setting for primary prevention, allowing for the early identification of individuals at cardiovascular risk who are often not reached by traditional screening pathways. In this context, Occupational Cardiology has emerged as a new branch of preventive cardiology, focused on population health within occupational settings. The aim of this review article is to describe the role, fields of application, and clinical, organizational, and economic potential of Occupational Cardiology, with particular reference to Corporate Wellness programs and high-risk occupational groups. Corporate Wellness programs encompass clinical and instrumental screenings, promotion of physical activity, health education, stress management, and the utilization of digital health technologies. The \"Formula Benessere\" project implemented at Ferrari has demonstrated significant benefits in terms of health outcomes, participation rates, and economic return. In parallel, numerous professional categories, such as firefighters, military personnel, pilots, and high-altitude workers, are exposed to specific cardiovascular risk factors that require tailored, innovative, and standardized assessment protocols. Personalized strategies enable better risk stratification and more effective management of cardiovascular health in the workplace. Occupational Cardiology represents a new opportunity for large-scale cardiovascular prevention at the community level. Its broader implementation at the national level, the development of dedicated clinical guidelines, and the integration of Digital Health tools are key elements in establishing this discipline as a new frontier in preventive cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Coronary embolism from atrial myxoma: a rare cause of myocardial infarction? Case report and literature review].","authors":"Gianmaria Scherillo, Enrico Cerrato, Stefania Ferrua, Ilaria Meynet, Marco Lococo, Paolo Calabrò, Mauro Rinaldi, Ferdinando Varbella","doi":"10.1714/4651.46656","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4651.46656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 44-year-old man with no known cardiovascular history or risk factors experienced chest pain after a volleyball match. ECG showed ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads, a finding consistent with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The patient was urgently taken to the cath lab, where coronary angiography revealed complete occlusion of the distal left anterior descending artery and of an obtuse marginal branch. Plain old balloon angioplasty was attempted but unsuccessful. During the procedure, an abnormal vascular network originating from the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery and directed toward the left atrium was observed. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 30 x 32 mm ovoid, pedunculated mass attached to the atrial roof. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the finding, very suggestive of an atrial myxoma. Upon deeper anamnesis, the patient reported transient episodes of visual loss. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple small gliotic lesions, indicative of systemic embolization. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass via right mini-thoracotomy. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of atrial myxoma. This case highlights the importance of considering an embolic etiology in STEMI, especially in young patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3 Suppl. 1","pages":"6S-10S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cardiogenetics in Piacenza: integrated care and telemedicine for precision medicine].","authors":"Francesco Di Spigno, Francesca Gualandi, Alessandro Arata, Miryam Rosa Stella Foti, Andrea Tedeschi, Federico Breviario, Luigi Gerra, Benedetta Annamaria Matrone, Paola Novara, Daniela Aschieri","doi":"10.1714/4650.46651","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiogenetics aims to identify the genetic causes of inherited cardiac diseases, with significant implications for early diagnosis, clinical management, and prevention of sudden cardiac death in both patients and their relatives. In Italy, however, access to structured cardiogenetic services remains uneven and is often limited to tertiary care centers, partly due to economic sustainability constraints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a second-level outpatient model that integrates telemedicine to facilitate access to genetic testing. The pathway includes pre-test genetic counseling performed by the cardiologist based on clinical and instrumental phenotype assessment, molecular analysis through blood sample collection and referral to the Medical Genetics Unit of Ferrara, and post-test counseling conducted as a teleconsultation, involving remote participation of a geneticist via a dedicated telemedicine platform (c4C Dedalus). In case of a positive result, the patient undergoes an in-person cardiology consultation in Piacenza, while negative or uncertain results are managed through further phenotypic or familial investigations as needed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first year of activity, 78 probands and 20 first-degree relatives underwent genetic testing. The positivity rates, including relevant variants of uncertain significance, were 44% for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 75% for non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy, 20% for dilated cardiomyopathy, 100% for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 100% for long QT syndrome, and 50% for Brugada syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This model demonstrates that telemedicine can be an effective and sustainable tool to extend access to specialized genetic counseling in peripheral settings, improving equity of care and optimizing the use of resources for the management of inherited cardiomyopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy: beyond morphology, towards diagnostic precision].","authors":"Vanda Parisi, Raffaello Ditaranto, Ferdinando Pasquale, Maddalena Graziosi, Maria Alessandra Schiavo, Irene Ruotolo, Lucia Natali, Elena Biagini","doi":"10.1714/4650.46648","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC) represents one of the key highlights of the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiomyopathies. NDLVC is defined by the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the absence of ventricular dilation and/or non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis detectable by cardiac magnetic resonance. The clinical manifestation may be arrhythmogenic, with a risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias even in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The phenotypic heterogeneity and variability in clinical expression reflect the complex interplay between genetic predisposition (involving variants in genes such as FLNC, DSP, and LMNA) and environmental, epigenetic, or inflammatory factors. A synergistic approach combining comprehensive clinical and family assessment, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, advanced imaging, and genetic testing enables more accurate phenotypic characterization, definitive diagnosis, and consequently, tailored therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma presenting as cardiac tamponade: the importance of a multimodality imaging approach].","authors":"Stefano Maffè, Paola Paffoni, Luca Bergamasco, Marisa Arrondini, Eleonora Prenna, Lucia Leva, Sara Ariotti, Emanuela Facchini, Anna Maria Paino, Stefano Ticozzi, Pierfranco Dellavesa","doi":"10.1714/4651.46655","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4651.46655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Typical symptoms include cough, chest pain, and dyspnea; however, cardiac tamponade as the primary manifestation is exceedingly rare. We hereby present a case of a 83-year-old woman, who presented to our emergency department with dyspnea, cough and hypotension. On admission, echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal), computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrated a large 70 x 38 mm pericardial mass, with pericardial effusion and signs of cardiac tamponade. Positron emission tomography highlighted a marked hyperaccumulation of the tracer at the mass level, compatible with high metabolic activity. The patient underwent further workup with diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis, which demonstrated histopathology consistent with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. This precise and complete diagnosis allowed the start of chemotherapy treatment with complete remission of the disease and regression of the mass in a few months. Our case highlights the importance of a complete and thorough workup for patients with chronic untraditional symptoms, like tamponade as the primary clinical presentation. Advanced multimodality imaging is crucial for early non-invasive assessment of primary cardiac tumors, helps guiding further investigations, treatment decision, assessing for potential complications, and allows documentation of therapeutic success.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3 Suppl. 1","pages":"2S-5S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sports activity and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: when is it still possible? A document of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SIC Sport)].","authors":"Alessandro Zorzi, Simone Ungaro, Luigi Sciarra, Antonio Scarà, Paolo Compagnucci, Zefferino Palamà, Giampiero Patrizi, Antonio Dello Russo","doi":"10.1714/4650.46652","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The issue of sports participation in athletes with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has gained increasing attention. Contrary to what is often reported by the media, in Italy there is no absolute ban on competitive sports for individuals with an ICD: according to the 2023 COCIS guidelines, eligibility is determined not by the device itself, but by the underlying heart disease and the type of sport practiced. This document reviews the main international (AHA/ACC, ESC, HRS) and Italian guidelines, emphasizing that the indication for ICD implantation must follow the same criteria used for the general population, without considering the desire to practice sports as a determining factor. It then discusses the conditions under which, in Italy as well, athletes with an ICD may be allowed to return to competitive sports. Available evidence, including data from international registries, shows that sports participation in ICD carriers can be safe if performed under specialist supervision, although the risk of appropriate shocks is not negligible. This document also examines the advantages and limitations of different device types and proposes a flow-chart for ICD programming and follow-up, both at baseline and during exercise testing. Finally, it reaffirms that properly prescribed and monitored physical activity remains recommended for patients with ICDs due to its clinical and psychological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"220-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Presentation].","authors":"Giuseppe Di Pasquale","doi":"10.1714/4651.46654","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4651.46654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3 Suppl. 1","pages":"1S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Artificial intelligence in cardiology: the new HAL 9000?]","authors":"Marco Bernardi, Luigi Spadafora, Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Roberto Franco Enrico Pedretti, Sabrina Cenciarelli, Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, Francesco Versaci","doi":"10.1714/4650.46644","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4650.46644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the world, and medicine is at the forefront of this revolution. In cardiology, AI is increasingly providing innovative tools for diagnosis, risk stratification, interventional planning, and personalized care. From automated interpretation of ECGs and cardiovascular imaging to integration into interventional workflows and predictive models, AI is emerging as a powerful ally for both clinicians and researchers. However, its implementation also raises critical ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges that require transparency, independent validation, and multidisciplinary governance. This review explores the potential and limitations of AI in cardiovascular medicine, with a focus on emerging technologies, their clinical implications, and the growing role of generative tools such as ChatGPT in scientific research. Much like HAL 9000, AI can enhance human capabilities - but only under vigilant oversight to prevent uncontrolled drifts. The future of cardiology will undoubtedly be more digital, but must remain fundamentally human.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 3","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: current applications and future directions].","authors":"Francesco Buia, Luca Bergamaschi, Paola Franceschi, Vincenzo Russo, Luigi Lovato","doi":"10.1714/4636.46466","DOIUrl":"10.1714/4636.46466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of aortic imaging, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and treatment planning. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in measuring aortic dimensions, detecting and characterizing aneurysms, dissections, and atherosclerotic disease, as well as predicting clinical outcomes. Automated measurement and segmentation tools, powered by deep learning algorithms, offer reproducible and time-efficient assessments, reducing inter- and intraobserver variability. In atherosclerotic disease, AI enables objective quantification of calcification burden and advanced radiomic analysis for prognostic stratification. In acute aortic syndromes, AI-based models improve diagnostic sensitivity, assist in differentiating true from false lumens, and predict complications or surgical outcomes. The integration of emerging technologies such as radiomics, dual-energy computed tomography, photon-counting computed tomography, and computational fluid dynamics further expands predictive capabilities, potentially leading to personalized \"digital twin\" models for therapeutic decision-making. Despite promising results, challenges remain in software availability, cost, data integration, and defining the radiologist's evolving role. AI holds the potential to become an indispensable tool in aortic disease management, bridging imaging, clinical, and computational domains to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12510,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di cardiologia","volume":"27 2","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}