Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique最新文献

{"title":"La fibrose au cours de l’hépatite B : un processus dynamique","authors":"P. Bedossa","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liver fibrosis is a common complication of chronic hepatitis B leading to the progressive destruction of normal tissue architecture or the replacement of hepatocytic tissue with fibrous tissue. The final outcome of this process is liver cirrhosis, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic viral hepatitis. Fibrogenesis is closely related to activation of the main type of fibrocompetent cells in the liver: hepatic stellate cells. Experimental models have allowed a better understanding of the dynamics of fibrosis, the biological processes related to its progression and regression and the development of new anti-fibrotic drugs. Nevertheless, it is universally accepted that such an anti-fibrotic treatment will be efficient only after hepatitis B virus eradication. Furthermore, early fibrosis is more amenable to regression than more advanced and highly organized liver cirrhosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S103-S108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70028-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29484255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification de l’antigène HBs : signification virologique","authors":"N. Ben Slama ,&nbsp;S.N. Si Ahmed ,&nbsp;F. Zoulim","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70030-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70030-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>HBsAg is a classic marker of hepatitis B virus infection. Since the levels of serum HBsAg are correlated to those of intrahepatic cccDNA, HBsAg quantification indirectly reflects the number of infected hepatocytes. The kinetics of serum HBsAg decline seems to be a predictive marker for sustained virological response, and clearance of HBsAg. This new tool may be clinically relevant for the monitoring and optimization of hepatitis B treatments. To fulfill this objective, prospective studies are still warranted for the the spread of sensitive and standardized techniques standardization of the quantification assays and to define cut off values with clinical predictive values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S112-S118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70030-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29484210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une ère nouvelle dans le domaine des interactions entre le microbiote et la santé humaine","authors":"G. Corthier,&nbsp;J. Doré","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70001-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70001-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Le but de cette introduction est de faire une brève revue des textes présentés ici et de mettre l’accent sur certains points qui n’ont pu être développés et qui concernent les fonctions du microbiote humain.</p></div><div><p>The scope of this introduction is to make a small review of the texts presented here and to emphasize some points that are not developed but that concern human microbiota functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70001-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le microbiote dans les diarrhées infectieuses","authors":"C.-M. Surawicz","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La compréhension de l’importance du microbiote fécal a été un élément clé pour comprendre la physiopathologie de certaines diarrhées infectieuses. Outre le rôle protecteur normal de la bile, de l’acidité gastrique et de la réponse immunitaire, entre autres, nous savons maintenant que la flore intestinale normale nous protège de certaines formes de diarrhées infectieuses. La diarrhée associée aux antibiotiques (DAA) en est un excellent exemple, car les antibiotiques perturbent la flore normale. La diarrhée qui en résulte pourrait être due à des modifications du métabolisme des acides gras à chaîne courte. La diarrhée liée à <em>Clostridium difficile</em>, agent pathogène qui peut induire une diarrhée grave, une colite et même le décès, est une forme particulièrement sévère de DAA. La diarrhée récidivante à <em>Clostridium difficile</em> est un problème clinique difficile à traiter efficacement, car chaque récidive augmente la probabilité d’un nouvel épisode, probablement du fait que la prescription d’antibiotiques reste nécessaire pour la traiter et que la flore intestinale reste de ce fait perturbée. Il n’y a pas d’attitude thérapeutique efficace unique. Les possibilités thérapeutiques incluent l’utilisation d’antibiotiques selon des schémas intermittents ou à doses décroissantes, le probiotique <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> comme appoint de l’antibiothérapie, voire la reconstitution de la flore fécale. Il faut s’attendre à voir nos connaissances s’enrichir encore dans l’avenir sur les effets bénéfiques du microbiote.</p></div><div><p>Understanding the importance of the fecal microbiota has been key in understanding the pathophysiology of some infectious diarrheas. In addition to normal protective measures of bile, gastric acid, and immune response, among others, we now know that the healthy gut flora protects us from some infectious diarrheas. Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is an excellent example, as antibiotics perturb the normal flora; the resulting diarrhea may be due to changes in short chain fatty acid metabolism. A severe form of AAD is due to <em>Clostridium difficile</em>, a pathogen that can cause severe diarrhea, colitis and even death. Recurrent <em>Clostridium difficile</em> diarrhea is a difficult clinical problem to treat successfully because one recurrence makes further recurrences more likely, probably because antibiotics are still needed to treat and thus the fecal flora remains abnormal. There is no single effective treatment but therapies include pulsed and tapered antibiotics, the probiotic <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> as an adjunct to antibiotics, and even fecal flora reconstitution. It is likely that we will learn even more in the future about the beneficial effect of our microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70005-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124732093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Métagénomique du microbiote intestinal : les applications potentielles","authors":"S. Dusko Ehrlich,&nbsp;MetaHIT consortium","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70004-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70004-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Le défi majeur de la métagénomique humaine est d’identifier les associations entre les gènes microbiens et les phénotypes humains ainsi que des approches pour moduler les populations microbiennes, afin d’optimiser la santé et le bien-être de chacun. Le projet MetaHIT aborde ce défi ambitieux en développant et en intégrant de nombreuses activités, se focalisant sur le microbiome intestinal. Parmi les premiers résultats est l’établissement d’un large catalogue des gènes microbiens, obtenu par une application originale des nouvelles technologies de séquençage. Le catalogue contient 3,3 millions de gènes non redondants, 150 fois plus que notre génome propre, et inclut la grande majorité des séquences du métagénome intestinal déterminées sur trois continents, l’Europe, l’Amérique et l’Asie. Son contenu correspond à près de 1000 espèces bactériennes, qui représentent très probablement la grande majorité des espèces de l’intestin humain. Le catalogue permet de développer des approches d’analyse des gènes bactériens, afin de repérer leur association aux phénotypes humains. Ceci devrait conduire vers le développement rapide des outils diagnostiques et pronostiques et des approches de modulation raisonnée du microbiote intestinal, afin d’optimiser la santé et le bien-être de chacun.</p></div><div><p>A major challenge in the human metagenomics field is to identify associations of the bacterial genes and human phenotypes and act to modulate microbial populations in order to improve human health and wellbeing. MetaHIT project addresses this ambitious challenge by developing and integrating a number of necessary approaches within the context of the gut microbiome. Among the first results is the establishment of a broad catalog of the human gut microbial genes, which was achieved by an original application of the new generation sequencing technology. The catalog contains 3.3 million non-redundant genes, 150-fold more than the human genome equivalent and includes a large majority of the gut metagenomic sequences determined across three continents, Europe, America and Asia. Its content corresponds to some 1000 bacterial species, which likely represent a large fraction of species associated with humankind intestinal tract. The catalog enables development of the gene profiling approaches aiming to detect associations of bacterial genes and phenotypes. These should lead to the speedy development of diagnostic and prognostic tools and open avenues to reasoned approaches to the modulation of the individual's microbiota in order to optimize health and well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70004-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132293343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Détermination du temps de transit colique chez les sujets tunisiens sains","authors":"N. Ben Chaabane ,&nbsp;M. Hadj Abdallah ,&nbsp;K. Ben Salem ,&nbsp;L. Safer ,&nbsp;W. Melki ,&nbsp;O. Hellara ,&nbsp;F. Bdioui ,&nbsp;H. Saffar","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages e14-e15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29023357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: An unusual cause of distal constipation","authors":"U. Chaput ,&nbsp;P. Ducrotté ,&nbsp;P. Denis ,&nbsp;J. Nouveau","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 502-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29045723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics of the intestinal microbiota: potential applications","authors":"S. Dusko Ehrlich,&nbsp;MetaHIT consortium","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70017-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A major challenge in the human metagenomics field is to identify associations of the bacterial genes and human phenotypes and act to modulate microbial populations in order to improve human health and wellbeing. MetaHIT project addresses this ambitious challenge by developing and integrating a number of necessary approaches within the context of the gut microbiome. Among the first results is the establishment of a broad catalog of the human gut microbial genes, which was achieved by an original application of the new generation sequencing technology. The catalog contains 3.3 million non-redundant genes, 150-fold more than the human genome equivalent and includes a large majority of the gut metagenomic sequences determined across three continents, Europe, America and Asia. Its content corresponds to some 1000 bacterial species, which likely represent a large fraction of species associated with humankind intestinal tract. The catalog enables development of the gene profiling approaches aiming to detect associations of bacterial genes and phenotypes. These should lead to the speedy development of diagnostic and prognostic tools and open avenues to reasoned approaches to the modulation of the individual's microbiota in order to optimize health and well-being.</p></div><div><p>Le défi majeur de la métagénomique humaine est d’identifier les associations entre les gènes microbiens et les phénotypes humains ainsi que des approches pour moduler les populations microbiennes, afin d’optimiser la santé et le bien-être de chacun. Le projet MetaHIT aborde ce défi ambitieux en développant et en intégrant des nomberuses activités, se focalisant sur le microbiome intestinal. Parmi les premiers résultats est l’établissement d’un large catalogue des gènes microbiens, obtenu par une application originale des nouvelles technologies de séquençage d’ADN. Le catalogue contient 3,3 millions de gènes non-redondants, 150 fois plus que notre génome propre et inclut la grande majorité des séquences du métagénome intestinal déterminées sur trois continents, l’Europe, l’Amérique et l’Asie. Son contenu correspond à près de 1000 espèces bactériennes, qui représentent très probablement la grande majorité des espèces de l’intestin humain. Le catalogue permet de développer des approches d’analyse des gènes bactériens, afin de repérer leur association aux phénotypes humains. Ceci devrait conduire vers le développement rapide des outils diagnostiques et pronostiques et des approches de modulation raisonné du microbiote intestinal, afin d’optimiser la santé et le bien-être de chacun.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S23-S28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70017-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29326524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional biostructure of colonic microbiota (central fermenting area, germinal stock area and separating mucus layer) in healthy subjects and patients with diarrhea treated with Saccharomyces boulardii","authors":"A. Swidsinski ,&nbsp;V. Loening-Baucke ,&nbsp;S. Kirsch ,&nbsp;Y. Doerffel","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70025-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70025-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The colonic content can be compared to a spatially structured high output bioreactor composed of three functionally different regions: a separating mucus layer, a germinal stock area, and a central fermenting area. The stool mirrors this structure and can be used for diagnosis in health and disease. In a first part, we introduce a novel method based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of sections of punchedout stool cylinders, which allows quantitatively monitor microbiota in the mucus, the germinal stock and the central fermenting areas. in a second part, we demonstrate the practical implementation of this method, describing the biostructure of stool microbiota in healthy subjects and patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea treated with <em>Saccharomyces boulardii.</em> Punched stool cylinders from 20 patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea and 20 healthy controls were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Seventy-three bacterial groups were evaluated. Fluctuations in assembly of 11 constitutive bacterial groups were monitored weekly for 3 weeks prior to, 3 weeks during, and 3 weeks after oral <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> supplementation. Typical findings in healthy subjects were a 5-60 μm mucus separating layer; homogeneous distribution and fluorescence, high concentrations (&gt;10 × 10¹⁰ bacterial/mL) of the three habitual bacterial groups: <em>Bacteroides, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii;</em> and low concentrations of the occasional bacterial groups. The diarrhea could be described in terms of increased separating effort, purging, decontamination, bacterial substitution. Typical findings in diarrhea were: increased thickness of the protective mucus layer, its incorporation in the stool, absolute reduction in concentrations of the habitual bacterial groups, suppression of bacterial metabolism in the central fermenting area (hybridization silence), stratification of the stool structure by watery ingredients, and substitutive increase in the concentrations of occasional bacterial groups. The microbial and clinical symptoms of diarrhea were reversible with <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> therapy. The structure-functional analysis of stool microbiota allows to quantitatively monitor colonic malfunction and its response to therapy. <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> significantly improves the stool biostructure in patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea and has no influence on the stool microbiota in healthy subjects.</p></div><div><p>Le contenu du côlon peut être comparé à un bioréacteur à haut débit doté d’une structure spatiale comportant trois régions fonctionnellement différentes : une couche de mucus séparatrice, une zone germinale de réserve et une zone centrale de fermentation. Les selles reflètent cette structure et peuvent être utilisées comme un outil diagnostique chez le sujet sain ou malade. Dans la première partie, nous introduisons une méthode innovante fondée sur l’ét","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S79-S92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70025-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29319736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo obstruction duodénale","authors":"W. Rebai,&nbsp;R. Ksantini,&nbsp;M. Bouassida,&nbsp;A. Makni,&nbsp;F. Chebbi,&nbsp;S. Ayadi,&nbsp;A. Daghfous,&nbsp;F. Fterriche,&nbsp;H. Bedioui,&nbsp;M. Jouini,&nbsp;A. Ammous,&nbsp;M. Kacem,&nbsp;Z. Ben Safta","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages e9-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29045724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}