Geoforum最新文献_第6页

Chinese-driven Ghana rosewood trade: Actors and access dynamics 中国驱动的加纳红木贸易：参与者和准入动态

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103871

Anthony Baidoo , Phillipe Meral , Symphorien Ongolo

{"title":"Chinese-driven Ghana rosewood trade: Actors and access dynamics","authors":"Anthony Baidoo , Phillipe Meral , Symphorien Ongolo","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for rosewood in China has led to systemic and rapid illegal exploitation in many forest-rich countries in tropical regions, especially in Africa. It is speculated that there is a 26-billion-dollar rosewood industry in China. West African countries contribute about 80% of rosewood to global trade. Ghana has been ranked second in Africa and fourth in the world among top suppliers of rosewood logs to China by volume. Drawing theoretical insights from access theory and based on original empirical research conducted in Ghana from April to August 2022, we analyze how a constellation of actors along the rosewood trade chain had access to that natural resource. In the same vein, we scrutinize the complexity of the related formal and informal network arrangements both between key actors and within state bureaucracies in Ghana. Our research broadly responds to the question of how Chinese investors got access to rosewood in Ghana and examines the different institutional arrangements which encouraged the Chinese-driven trade of rosewood in Ghana. Our findings reveal that there was no formalized agreement between Ghana and China’s rosewood trade as the related domestic market was sporadic and informally initiated in 2009 by a Chinese entrepreneur. The study reveals that different non-state and state institutions (including sectoral state bureaucracies and individuals) benefited from the rosewood trade without recourse to a formal governance structure. The study reveals an embedded informal system of national and community-level arrangements, which enabled access to rosewood and its attendant benefits. This research makes an empirical-based contribution to what drives access to and who benefits from the globalization of natural resources in African countries characterized by ‘political disorder’. From a China-Africa relations perspective, this work contributes to the politics of natural resources and the related sustainability challenges in the context of increasing global Chinese influence in Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Debate on regulation and professionalisation in the short-term rental housing market 关于短期租赁住房市场监管和专业化的辩论

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103870

Chiara Iacovone

{"title":"Debate on regulation and professionalisation in the short-term rental housing market","authors":"Chiara Iacovone","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Professionalisation in accommodation platforms is changing the short-term rental market worldwide. During the past decade, till today, Airbnb has been the leader in this economic sector, its spread has been a central issue in urban dynamics related to the several discomforts it has caused in cities. Recently, the professionalisation of its users has popped up as an additional issue to be dealt with. The professionalisation process has changed the internal structure of Airbnb from a peer-to-peer platform to a business-to-consumer one. Despite the growing attention to this trend, regulatory frameworks across cities still do not have policies to deal with this specific issue. This article proposes a data-driven methodology to identify the different economic approaches of professional hosts for contributing to the debate on professionalisation in short-term rental studies and provide new insights into the regulation debate. The proposed methodology consists of a cluster analysis applied to 2019 Airbnb data (from the AirDNA dataset) in eight Southern European cities: Lisbon, Porto, Madrid, Seville, Rome, Naples, Athens and Thessaloniki. The results highlight four clusters that describe different economic approaches of Airbnb hosts recognisable in each city. The findings offer a novel and clear entry point to understand the professional hosts' economic strategies, which can inform policies to regulate their market, as well as advancing knowledge in the field of critical geographies of housing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Migratising’ mobility: Coloniality of knowledge and externally funded migration capacity building projects in Niger “移民”流动：尼日尔知识的殖民和外部资助的移民能力建设项目

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103862

Leonie Felicitas Jegen

{"title":"‘Migratising’ mobility: Coloniality of knowledge and externally funded migration capacity building projects in Niger","authors":"Leonie Felicitas Jegen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores coloniality of knowledge reproduced through EU funded Migration Capacity Building Programmes (MCBPs) in Niger, considering the period between 2015 and 2021. MCBPs are donor funded programmes aim to introduce EU-driven migration concerns and understandings into domestic policymaking, primarily in non-EU states. The article identifies two ways that MCBPs reproduce specific understandings of mobility as migration: firstly, by reproducing an understanding of mobility along the state/population/territory nexus and secondly, by categorising different types of migration and corresponding policy responses. It argues that the knowledge reproduced through MCBPs is historically embedded in colonial attempts at mobility governance and fails to take account of the pluriversal understandings of mobility in Niger. The article argues that historically and contemporarily, mobility governance in Niger is shaped by ‘negotiated misalignment’, which refers to the mismatch between MCBPs and pre- and co-existing knowledge systems on mobility in a context of strategic actor interaction. Finally, the article analyses the ‘gaze’ of MCBPs in its mutually constitutive material and discursive formation. Drawing on Fanon, it shows that MCBPs reproduce logics of colonial subject formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screens, streams, and flows: Implications of digital platforms for aquatic citizen science 屏幕、溪流和流动:数字平台对水生公民科学的影响

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103864

Edward Millar , Stephanie Melles , Claus Rinner

{"title":"Screens, streams, and flows: Implications of digital platforms for aquatic citizen science","authors":"Edward Millar , Stephanie Melles , Claus Rinner","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mobile applications are developed and deployed to streamline various aspects of aquatic citizen science, including data collection, storage, sharing, and analysis. Frequently framed as the outcome of technological innovation, the “platformization” of community-based water monitoring (CBWM) involves a negotiation of technical, logistical, organizational, social, and political considerations, and the specific configurations of these intersecting factors have implications for public engagement in freshwater science and monitoring. Based on a review of the literature in platform studies, we identify challenges and risks that “platformization” may pose for citizen science. These risks include extractivism and commodification, scaling tensions, and technological solutionism. We then present five components of the “platform ecosystem of CBWM,” which we derived following a review and analysis of methods, tools, and equipment used by CBWM groups listed on two citizen science inventories (SciStarter and <span>CitizenScience.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg>). Choices about platform uptake and design have implications not only for the kinds of data that are collected, but for the nature of the participation that they elicit from volunteer participants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49860987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Holding space for climate justice? Urgency and ‘Regenerative Cultures’ in Extinction Rebellion Netherlands 为气候正义保留空间？荷兰灭绝叛乱的紧迫性与“再生文化”

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103868

Tom Rowe , Meghann Ormond

{"title":"Holding space for climate justice? Urgency and ‘Regenerative Cultures’ in Extinction Rebellion Netherlands","authors":"Tom Rowe , Meghann Ormond","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores tensions between urgency and climate justice in a climate activist movement context through the case study of Regenerative Cultures in Extinction Rebellion Netherlands. We argue that urgency obstructs climate justice through encouraging ‘whatever-it-takes’ mentalities that sideline justice concerns in the pursuit of action, and through propelling activist burnout, which causes climate justice movements to falter over time. We situate Regenerative Cultures as a tool used by Extinction Rebellion Netherlands to negotiate these obstructions to climate justice posed by urgency. Regenerative Cultures comprises an attempt by Extinction Rebellion Netherlands to ‘hold space’, away from the urgency which pervades the movement, in order to afford activists the time to experiment with modes of inner transformation. The techniques used by activists to ‘hold space’ for these transformations constitute a form of utopia building. In these utopian spaces, activists learn to acknowledge and manage feelings of urgency, thereby constituting a form of emotional and affective inner transformation. However, the utopian spaces of Regenerative Cultures are isolated from the rest of the movement. As a disconnected utopian enclave, the political potential of ‘Regenerative Cultures’ as a prefigurative vehicle for social change is blunted. This case study is testament to the difficulties involved in carving out spaces to practice prefigurative forms of politics in a context of planetary emergency, while simultaneously outlining the necessity of such spaces for cultivating the inner changes required to enable and sustain projects of climate justice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A feminist political ecology of agricultural innovations in smallholder farming systems: Experiences from wheat production in Morocco and Uzbekistan 小农制度中农业创新的女权主义政治生态：摩洛哥和乌兹别克斯坦小麦生产的经验

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103865

Dina Najjar , Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong , Rachana Devkota , Abderrahim Bentaibi

{"title":"A feminist political ecology of agricultural innovations in smallholder farming systems: Experiences from wheat production in Morocco and Uzbekistan","authors":"Dina Najjar , Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong , Rachana Devkota , Abderrahim Bentaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A clear consensus has emerged that innovations are important for adapting to drought and overcoming other biophysical limitations in smallholder farming systems; however, women are notably marginalized from agricultural innovations. We examine whether and how gendered roles and responsibilities shape the adoption and usage of improved wheat varieties and simultaneously uncover opportunities to address and lessen gender-based differences in agricultural innovations. The field data were collected using snowball sampling from seven communities (three in Morocco and four in Uzbekistan) among 574 farmers (half men and half women) of different generations, genders, social statuses, and social classes. Our findings demonstrate how the complex interactions of biophysical constraints, intra-household (spousal and kinship) relations, and the broader macro-level political economy of agriculture converge to influence different identities of women and men farmers’ wheat production and processing practices. We argue that without focusing on the socio-cultural factors affecting agriculture, new seed varieties alone cannot address the multifaceted problems confronting farmers in all parts of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“It's better if you have more hands!”: Latina healthcare access barriers and community organization interventions in Chicago suburbs “如果你有更多的手，那就更好了！”：芝加哥郊区的拉丁裔医疗保健准入障碍和社区组织干预

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103863

Aída R. Guhlincozzi

{"title":"“It's better if you have more hands!”: Latina healthcare access barriers and community organization interventions in Chicago suburbs","authors":"Aída R. Guhlincozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Throughout the United States, suburbs have seen an increasing number of immigrant populations as residents in the area. Yet, the suburban social and health services available have not developed to serve these immigrant groups, leading to community-based organizations (CBOs) filling in the need for service provision. However, the geographic distribution and resources available to these CBOs to serve these groups is uneven and understanding the constraints these organizations face in delivering services is crucial. Employees in CBOs themselves have crucial insights into immigrants’ needs and concerns, particularly those of immigrant women. This paper examines the understanding of CBO staffers focusing on the Latine population in Chicago and the suburbs, particularly on healthcare access barriers CBOs provide interventions on for Latina women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative data from a purposeful sample of interviews with CBO staffers during the COVID-19 pandemic supports the findings of financial and legal barriers, particularly access to information, and creative, community-based methods for interventions, specific to the experiences of Latina women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-Imagining Land: Conceptualizing the changing form and content of the Andean Peasant Community in Peru 重新想象土地:秘鲁安第斯农民社区形式和内容的变化

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103859

Mariève Pouliot, Mattias Borg Rasmussen

引用次数: 0

Decarceration to detention: The political economy of mass-incarceration in Louisiana 从监禁到拘留：路易斯安那州大规模监禁的政治经济学

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103851

Jennifer Scott , Pedro Gerson , Chelsey Wooten

引用次数: 0

The rise of military capital in Pakistan: Military neoliberalism, authoritarianism and urbanization 巴基斯坦军事资本的崛起:军事新自由主义、威权主义和城市化

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Geoforum Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103846

Ateeb Ahmed

{"title":"The rise of military capital in Pakistan: Military neoliberalism, authoritarianism and urbanization","authors":"Ateeb Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article develops the concept of military neoliberalism that allows us to trace the historical development of Pakistani military capital with the expansion of market-led reforms and its mode of operation in the urban domain. Military neoliberalism signifies the double role of the military; firstly, using authoritarianism, the military has extended neoliberal reforms in collaboration with local and foreign capitalist classes over the decades. Secondly, the military has expanded its reach and operations in the economy at a large scale, transitioning into a sovereign capitalist power that operates independently from the rest of the state apparatuses and utilizes its powers for economic, political, and territorial objectives. Such dynamics are leading to new class transformations and producing seismic shifts within the state apparatuses because, along with a revitalized capitalist class, a class of military capitalists has emerged in different sectors of the economy, most prominently in industrial production, urban real estate, and infrastructure development. The category of sovereign capitalist power gestures towards the twin dynamics; firstly, the military can use violence for its strategic political and economic goals. Secondly, the military can operate above the law for the advantage of military capital. As a result, the increasing militarization of the economy, and the corporatization of the military, have produced a new system of socioeconomic and political control that relies upon repeated interventions of the military in politics to resolve class antagonisms, strengthen the power of local capital, and intensify the reach of global financial capital in different markets of Pakistan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49860986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0