Fundamental and Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Body mass index as a predictor of the severity of coronavirus infection in patients with cardiovascular pathology","authors":"T. Slesareva, O. Gruzdeva, O. L. Tarasova, A. Kuzmina, A. Alekseenko, I. V. Bykova, V. Ivanov, O. Barbarash","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-29-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-29-44","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and the severity of COVID-19, respiratory failure, and fatal outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease.Materials and Methods. The study included 283 patients with confirmed COVID-19. COVID-19 severity was determined according to the Russian National Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnostics, and Treatment of COVID-19. The degree of respiratory failure was defined according to the oxygen saturation. BMI was determined by the Quetelet's index, whereas overweight and obesity were diagnosed in accordance with the World Health Organization classification.Results. Comparison of BMI in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 did not show statistically signifi differences, although patients with overweight and obesity had a higher frequency of respiratory failure. Further, grade 3 (severe) respiratory failure had average BMI of 28.7 kg/m2 (men) and 34.2 kg/m2 (women), while those with grade 1 (mild) respiratory failure had average BMI of 26.1 kg/m2 (men) and 31.2 kg/m2 (women). In keeping with these fi  patients with a fatal outcome had higher BMI than those with a favorable outcome (31.1 kg/m2 and 27.2 kg/m2, respectively). After an adjustment for the chronic heart failure, BMI between the patients with a fatal and favourable outcome remained different (28.4 kg/m2 and 26.3 kg/m2, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI itself had low prognostic signifi yet is became higher if combined with a COVID-19 severity and degree of respiratory failure.Conclusion. Patients with a high BMI are more likely to have a severe respiratory failure and fatal outcome. Therefore, this parameter can be used as an additional factor for the risk stratification.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79431657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of pre-seeded tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro","authors":"M. Khanova, L. Antonova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-100-109","url":null,"abstract":"Current vascular surgery employs reconstruction of occluded blood vessels using autologous grafts. As a considerable proportion of patients lack healthy autologous vessels to be used as the grafts, the development of tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts has significant clinical relevance. Biodegradable vascular grafts, which have a defined degradation rate upon the implantation, provide an opportunity for the controlled vascular regeneration. Such polymer framework acts as a guiding matrix for organising the patient's newly formed tissues to ensure consistent and complete vessel remodeling. The crucial aspect of tissue-engineered vascular graft regeneration is endothelialisation, as non-endothelialised blood vessels suffer from the thrombosis if having < 5 mm diameter because of low blood flow. This review describes two approaches to stimulate endothelialization. The first is the biofunctionalization of the luminal surface with the bioactive peptides with the following in situ implantation. Using the body as a bioreactor, this approach relies on the selective recruitment of endothelial cells. The second approach includes in vitro pre-seeding of a luminal surface with an endothelial cell monolayer. The development of such pre-seeded vascular grafts requires the choice of an appropriate polymer for the manufacture of a 3D matrix, isolation of endothelial cell culture, and tuning of mechanical stimuli to control the cell specification during the pre-seeding. In addition to the pre-seeding of endothelial cells on the luminal surface, it is necessary to adapt them to the flow to prevent shedding or incorrect orientation. Cell adhesion can be enhanced by the attachment of extracellular matrix proteins to the luminal surface or by mimicking natural blood flow conditions. Sustained mechanical stimuli facilitate the adaptation of endothelial cells to the flow and contribute to the maturation of endothelial progenitor cells.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80606931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of HIV infection and tuberculosis on life expectancy in Siberian Federal District regions","authors":"L. Levakhina, A. Blokh, O. Pasechnik, I. P. Burashnikova, N. Anpilova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-63-71","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the impact of HIV infection and tuberculosis on life expectancy in Siberian Federal District regions for improving the allocation of health resources.Materials and Methods. We investigated the data on the number of population and mortality (stratified into 5-year age groups) in Siberian Federal District regions. The data have been extracted from the Russian database of fertility and mortality (RosBRiS). Among the indicators, we calculated total mortality, mortality from HIV infection, and mortality from active tuberculosis. Further, we estimated the contribution of deaths from HIV infection and tuberculosis to the reduction of life expectancy.Results. Regions within the Siberian Federal District were characterised by an unacceptably high incidence of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Life expectancy showed a downward trend from 1991 to 2006 (Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Region, Republic of Khakassia, and Tomsk Region), 2007 (Novosibirsk Region, Republic of Altai, Republic of Tyva), or 2008 (Altai Territory, Kemerovo Region, and Omsk region). In 2020, the average life expectancy in the Siberian Federal District was 70.9 years, with a minimum registered in the Republic of Tyva (66.25 years), and the maximum documented in the Tomsk region (71.17 years). The contribution of HIV infection and tuberculosis to the decrease in the life expectancy in Siberian Federal District during the study period was estimated as 0.52 years, including 0.12 years due to HIV infection and 0.40 years related to tuberculosis.Conclusion. The existing volume of preventive measures is insufficient to achieve the target life expectancy (78 years) in the Siberian Federal District to 2030, limiting the expected life expectancy to 75 years at that time point. As the target life expectancy is attainable by 2038 at best, additional resources are required to reduce age-related mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77765719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum biochemical parameters in pregnant women with and without fetal chromosomal abnornalities","authors":"A. Volkov, O. I. Rytenkova, E. V. Tsurkan, T. A. Babarykina, G. S. Surzhikova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-91-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-91-99","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyse the levels of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women without fetal chromosomal abnormalities and with fetal trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) or 18 (Edwards syndrome).Materials and Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of serum biochemical parameters of 1214 women who had previously undergone karyotyping as a part of prenatal or postnatal screening. Patients were stratified into those with a normal fetal karyotype, those carrying a fetus with trisomy 21, and those carrying a fetus with trisomy 18. Levels of serum β-hCG and PAPP-A were estimated using the AutoDELFIA automatic immunoassay system.Results. In most of the women carrying a fetus with trisomy 21, serum β-hCG has been increased as compared to the reference range. In contrast, women carrying a fetus with trisomy 18 generally had reduced serum β-hCG. In both cases, the level of serum PAPP-A has been decreased in comparison with a reference range. The proportion of women with a 2-fold reduced serum PAPP-A was 52.4% and 88.6% if carrying fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, respectively.Conclusion. Serum b -hCG has been increased as compared to the reference range. In contrast, women carrying a fetus with trisomy 18 generally had reduced serum β-hCG. In both cases, the level of serum PAPP-A has been decreased in comparison with a reference range. The proportion of women with a 2-fold reduced serum PAPP-A was 52.4% and 88.6% if carrying fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, respectively.Conclusion. Serum b-hCG and PAPP-A are sensitive markers of fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79536171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological and genetic predictors of breast cancer","authors":"A. Glushkov, E. Polenok, L. Gordeeva, S. Mun, E. Voronina, M. Kostyanko, A. Antonov, N. Verzhbitskaya, G. Kolpinskiy","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-51-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-51-62","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the associations of idiotypic IgA antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (IgA1 -Bp, IgA1 -E2, and IgA1 - Pg) with the corresponding anti-idiotypic IgG antibodies to estradiol and progesterone (IgG2 -E2 and IgG2 -Pg) and with gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in patients with stage 1 breast cancer. Materials and Methods. Idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies in the serum of 240 healthy women and 505 patients with stage 1 breast cancer were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Prevalence of CYP1A1 (rs4646903), CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs2470152), GSTM1(del), GSTT1(del), and GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphisms in 530 healthy women and 694 patients with stage 1 breast cancer were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. Low personal IgA1 -Bp/IgA1 -Pg < 1 and IgA1 -E2/IgA1 -Pg < 1 ratios in combination with low IgG2 -E2 ≤ 4 and high IgG2 -Pg > 2 levels were found in 20.6% of healthy women and in 4.5% of breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001; OR = 0.2). Low IgA1 -Bp/IgA1 -Pg and high IgA1 -E2/IgA1 -Pg ratios in combination with low IgG2 -E2 and high IgG2 - Pg levels were revealed in 7.4% of healthy women and 2.8% of breast cancer patients (p = 0.009; OR = 0.4). These two variants were integrated and marked as protective immunological phenotype. High IgA1 - Bp/IgA1 -Pg and high IgA1 -E2/IgA1 -Pg ratios combined with high IgG2 -Pg and high or low IgG2 -E2 levels were found in 17.2% of healthy women and27.2% of breast cancer patients (p = 0.006; OR = 1.8) and in 6.4% of healthy women and in 18.3% of breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001; OR = 3.3), correspondingly. These two variants were integrated and marked as pro-carcinogenic immunological phenotype. These associations were found only with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. GSTP1 (rs1695) gene polymorphism was associated exclusively with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer (p = 0.004; OR = 1.56). No interrelations be tween immunological phenotypes and studied polymorphisms of CYP and GST genes have been found.Conclusion. Pro-carcinogenic immunological phenotype and rs1695 gene polymorphism within the GSTP1 gene were independent predictors of ER+ and ER- breast cancer correspondingly.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota of HIV-infected patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","authors":"L. Otdushkina, Y. Zakharova, A. A. Kholodov, L. A. Levanova, T. V. Pyanzova, A. Markovskaya","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-83-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-83-90","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the composition and properties of the gut microbiota in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Materials and Methods. We studied 92 faecal samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 46) and patients with combined pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection (n = 46), with the following examination of the appearance, cultural properties, and biochemical profile of the bacteria. The constancy of microbial taxa was determined using Dazho-Odum indicator. Microorganisms were classified as constant at C > 50%, as complementary at 25% < C < 50% and as occasional at C < 25%.Results. Gut microbiota of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was consistently represented by Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Candida regardless of theirHIV status. Species composition and prevalence of virulence factors in Staphylococcus spp. and fungi isolated from patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis also did not depend on HIV status. Complementary microorganisms were represented exclusively by Clostridium spp., while random microbiota was represented by 6 genera (Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum.Conclusion. Similar composition of gut microbiota in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis indicates common mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis and a uniform approach for its correction.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75790898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of hemodynamic status in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19","authors":"Y. Shapovalov","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-45-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-45-50","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess laboratory markers of hemodynamic status in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.Materials and Methods. Here we examined 15 patients with moderate COVID-19 and 16 critically ill COVID-19 patients. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. The levels of endothelin-1, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The amounts of nitrites (NO2) and nitrates (NO3) were measured by a Griess test (an enzymatic conversion of nitrates to nitrites) with a following colorimetric analysis.Results. Measurements of endothelin-1, nitrites, and nitrates showed high variability. The levels of NT-proBNP were reduced by 65% and 50% in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of BNP were elevated by 472% and 548% in these patient categories (p < 0.05). These results indicated increased left ventricular load and suggested a heart failure.Conclusion. Progressive increase of BNP and concurrent reduction of NT-proBNP indicate affected hemodynamics in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74662263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostics and management of vulvovaginal atrophy according to the international guidelines","authors":"K. V. Dmitrienko, S. D. Yavorskaya, G. V. Nemtseva","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-110-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-110-121","url":null,"abstract":"Vulvovaginal atrophy is one of the genitourinary symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency which leads to the development of immature vaginal epithelium, glycogen deficiency, reduction or even elimination of lactobacilli, and secondary genitourinary tract infection. Among the main symptoms were dryness, burning, itching, and dyspareunia. Diagnosis is typically based on the patient’s complaints, signs, and symptoms. Management of vulvovaginal atrophy includes various forms of topical estrogens and non-hormonal drugs. Low-dose vaginal estrogens can be used as monotherapy or as a supplement to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In the case of monotherapy, there is no need to add progesterone for the endometrial protection. According to the recent studies, local vaginal estrogen therapy does not increase the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and venous thromboembolism. On patients with hormonophobia, an alternative method of treatment is the use of vaginal lubricants and moisturizers or who have had cancers of various localization. For instance, usage of lactic acid vaginal gels in breast cancer survivors has improved vaginal dryness and dyspareunia as compared with the placebo. Yet, vaginal estrogen therapy has better clinical effects than non-hormonal drugs.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82360496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and cellular features of femoral head avascular necrosis: in vivo study","authors":"N. Shabaldin, A. Sinitskaya, L. Bogdanov, A. Lobov, E. Repkin, A. V. Shabaldin","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-72-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-72-82","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the molecular and cellular features of femoral head avascular necrosis in the rat model.Materials and Methods. Femoral head avascular necrosis was surgically induced in 8 rats with the 4-week follow-up. Then, the animals have been euthanised, and we performed gross, radiological, and histological examination of avascular and intact contralateral femoral heads. Systemic inflammation was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α). The proteomic profile of healthy and necrotic femoral heads was interrogated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ion mobility (TimsToF Pro).Results. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head was successfully induced in all rats. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) were higher in rats with femoral head avascular necrosis as compared with healthy rats. Among the major proteins revealed at proteomic profiling were those involved in maintaining bone tissue homeostasis, calcium phosphate metabolism, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, cell-cell interactions, chaperones, cartilage matrix proteins, collagen synthesis, and lipid metabolism. In bones with avascular necrosis, we have also found proteins regulating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that the development of avascular osteonecrosis was accompanied by an overexpression of oxidative stress proteins, anaerobic glycolysis, and non-specific inflammatory response along with the downregulation of molecules responsible for angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, calcium phosphate metabolism, collagen synthesis, and cartilage matrix.Conclusion. Femoral head avascular necrosis is accompanied by non-specific inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation all presumably developed because of hypoxia and together contributing to bone destruction.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"351 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76571104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic possibilities of urinalysis","authors":"V. Y. Pavlova, V. E. Denisenko, L. D. Chesnokova, I. I. Aneshina","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-122-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-4-122-135","url":null,"abstract":"Urinalysis is one of the most frequent methods of patient examination. This technique combines ease of routine use and high diagnostic capabilities for detecting early pathology. This technique permits identification of both localised and systemic diseases not limited to the chronic or acute kidney disease, among which are diabetes mellitus, multiple myeloma, hypothalamic disease, and pituitary disorders. This lecture discusses the clinical significance of general urinalysis, the  aspects  of  patient  preparation,  sample transportation, and interpretation of the results, including the causes of false-positive and falsenegative results. In addition, we draw a particular attention to the differential diagnosis with regards to the results obtained. The lecture is aimed at all medical specialists and also at medical students.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77804568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}