Psychological Disorders and Research最新文献

{"title":"The Development of Human Personality: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"J. Alzeer, Hamid Benmerabet","doi":"10.31487/j.pdr.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The complex relationship between physical and psychological disorders can pose challenges for effective treatment. Both aspects often require a multidisciplinary approach to address their interconnectedness. An individual's personality is shaped by their mentality, psyche, and values, which must be in harmony for a well-ordered and disciplined personality. While medical interventions are important, incorporating non-medical interventions can be crucial for managing and treating these disorders. This includes lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet, as well as incorporating values that promote overall well-being. Neglecting our psyche can lead to negative traits and mental health issues. Therefore, nurturing our personality through positive experiences, healthy relationships, self-care and self-reflection is necessary to promote mental and emotional health. It is important to create a balance between material and non-material values to have a harmonious and stable life. Choosing a lifestyle that aligns with our values and needs allows us to create a compatible system, which in turn allows us to make informed decisions and realize our full potential.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130479577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Religious Attitude and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran","authors":"S. Forstmeier, S. Fereydouni, Samira Fereidouny Doshmanzeiary","doi":"10.31487/j.pdr.2022.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2022.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable proportion of young adults studying at universities have a mental disorder. Previous research has shown a negative relationship between various religiosity and psychopathology measures, with different strengths of this correlation depending on the religiosity measure. The aim of the present study is to investigate the strength of association between religious attitude and depression, anxiety and stress in Iranian university students. Thirty-three students from two Iranian universities filled in the Religious Attitude Scale for University Students (RASUS), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42). Religious attitude correlates negatively with all psychopathological variables with a moderate effect size (e.g., with BDI-II: r = -.47; p = .006). When dividing the sample in low vs. high religious people, there were significantly more students without depression symptoms in the high religious attitude group than in the low group.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117252049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Function in Cystic Fibrosis and CFTR Modulator Therapy","authors":"J. Allen-Graham, E. Williams, C. Rang, B. Button, D. Edgeworth, F. Finlayson, T. Winton-Brown, T. Kotsimbos, D. Keating, John Wilson","doi":"10.31487/j.pdr.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cystic fibrosis is not typically associated with cognitive dysfunction that is easily discernible. Whether having a CFTR mutation has a direct effect on the CNS function is yet to be elucidated, despite widespread expression of the CFTR protein throughout the human nervous system. \u0000Methods: We aimed to study the effects of CFTR modulators ivacaftor and lumacaftor/ivacaftor on cognition in two separate CF cohorts. These were ivacaftor, in CF patients with at least one copy of the G551D mutation, and lumacaftor/ivacaftor in homozygous F508del subjects. Using a panel of cognitive testing tools (MOCA, TMT, Cogstate™) targeting various domains that included executive function, memory and attention.\u0000Results: The two cohorts improved significantly on CFTR modulator treatment when measured by the MOCA, TMT and by a combined cognitive score. Most prominently, these represent improvements in executive function. \u0000Conclusion: Suggested CNS effect of CFTR mutation in CF and the impact of CFTR modulators on this.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122716101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Neuroscience Education for Depression: A Pilot Study","authors":"A. Louw, Ellen Wendling, Dustin Hawk, Nicole Sturdevant, Hailey Louw, Kevin P. Farrell","doi":"10.31487/j.pdr.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine if a brief, one-on-one pain neuroscience education (PNE) session delivered by a physical therapist (PT) can influence depression.\u0000Methods: A convenience sample of patients with persistent low back pain (LBP) (n = 23) attending PT with moderate to severe depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) participated in the study. Patients received a standardized, one-on-one 30-minute PNE session by a PT with pre- and post-intervention measures of low back and leg pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]), pain catastrophization (Pain Catastrophization Scale [PCS]), pain knowledge (Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire [rNPQ] and depression (PHQ-9). \u0000Results: Immediately following PNE, all measures improved, with low back and leg pain not being significant (pback = 0.345 and pleg = 0.633), while pain catastrophization (p = 0.047), pain knowledge (p = 0.001) and depression (p = 0.004) reaching significant improvements. The PNE session shifted various patients to lower levels of depression, with 21.8% of the patients’ improvement in depression meeting or exceeding the minimal clinical important difference.\u0000Conclusion: PNE may be a safe, clinically effective way to help a subgroup of patients attending PT with depression. More studies are needed to further explore the results from this pilot study.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125813714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Anxiety of Patients with Celiac (Coeliac) and It’s Relation to Therapeutic Response in Yazd","authors":"H. Mirhosseini, M. Barakati, M. Hadavi, R. Bidaki","doi":"10.31487/J.PDR.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.PDR.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Celiac is an inflammatory bowel disease and an autoimmune disorder which is genetically stimulated by gluten-free protein synthesis. Patients with this disease usually suffer from anxiety and depression. Cognitive-behavioural therapy focusing on mindfulness and considering psychological flexibility have been more effective than other treatments on depression and anxiety of psychiatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and anxiety in celiac disease.\u0000Method: This Quasi-Experimental study was carried out on celiac patients admitted to the celiac committee, celiac and gastroenterologists' clinics of Yazd in Iran. Thirty participants selected by available sampling and randomly allocated to two experimental and control groups. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory (HADS) and Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale (GIS) Scale used to collect data. The data analysed by\u0000Fisher’s exact test, Independent t test and ANOVA.\u0000Result: In the experimental group, the mental health variable (anxiety, depression and therapeutic response) significantly improved after the intervention in the post-test.\u0000Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving depression and anxiety in celiac disease. Probability, the participation of the patient in a group of people with the same illness and the sharing of therapeutic experiences led to reduction of anxiety and depression and, consequently, improved patient function in their treatment.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120973945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Problems Experienced by Primary Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa","authors":"A. Hoque, S. Buckus, M. Hoque, A. M. U. Alam, M. Hoque, N. Singh","doi":"10.31487/J.PDR.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.PDR.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted on healthcare workers globally. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among primary healthcare workers who constitute a vulnerable group is yet to be evaluated in South Africa. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers of a rural primary health care setting in South Africa.\u0000Method: Self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional design was implemented among medical and nursing care professionals. Psychological problems were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression was performed to determine associated factors for psychological problems.\u0000Results: The majority of HCWs were female (82.8%), of which 69.2% nurses and 56.6% single. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression disorders were 97.5%, 97.5% and 44% respectively. Females were 5.3 times (p<0.05) more likely to have stress disorder than males. Household size, perceived threat of family member not becoming infected with COVID-19 and having no concern of staff shortage were found to be protective for stress disorder (p<0.05). Healthcare workers who were not worried of getting infection and not worried of their family members getting infected found to be protective (OR<1, p<0.05) for anxiety disorder. Those 55 years or older were four times more likely to have depression (p<0.05) than their younger counterparts. Healthcare workers who were not worried of their family members would get infected and those were not worried to be infected were less likely (OR<1, p<0.05) to have depression disorder compared to those were worried.\u0000Conclusion: Higher rates of stress, anxiety and depression were found among these HCWs. It is therefore imperative that appropriate and timely mental health care supports are provided to avert immediate and long term adverse psychological health outcomes of the HCWs.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphology: An Interface Between Biology, Psychology and Neuroscience","authors":"G. Marano, G. Traversi, E. Gaetani, G. Sani, S. Mazza, M. Mazza","doi":"10.31487/J.PDR.2020.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.PDR.2020.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Handwriting analysis dates back to many centuries ago. Graphology is a discipline that investigates\u0000personality and intellect of the individual through writing, indeed handwriting of the human being is an\u0000expression of his or her essence. Graphology examines a writing in order to extract unfiltered information\u0000about innate temperament and subconscious nature of who has traced the letters. The present paper\u0000highlights the historical and methodological approaches of graphology and its usefulness in human\u0000knowledge in order to give a glimpse of the complexity of this discipline. We have gradually focused on the\u0000description of the various fields with which, over time until today, the graphologists have dealt according\u0000to experimental and epistemological methodologies along a spectrum that ranges from studies on the\u0000character, the neuronal and biological correlates, the use in the forensic field, until to the contributions to\u0000career counseling and personnel selection. This manuscript aims to provide a quantitative picture of the\u0000handwriting analysis trying to combine insights from different sources and exploring conditions, limits and\u0000possibilities of its subject matter and methods involved. Handwriting analysis draws reliable conclusions\u0000about the spirit personality of a writer. We suppose that graphology and psychology could complement each\u0000other, and in this perspective, we explore the hypothesis of the existence of a bidirectional relationship\u0000between psychology, graphology and neuroscience which allows to gain insight into ourselves and others.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Health Screening and Service Use in a Statewide Sample of MedicaidEligible Pediatric Outpatients","authors":"J. Murphy, Alexa Riobueno-Naylor, Haregnesh Haile, Holcomb Juliana M, Anamika Dutta, Rao Kandru, Amy M. Shui, H. Lee, M. Jellinek","doi":"10.31487/J.PDR.2020.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.PDR.2020.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study explored site-level rates of behavioural health (BH) screening, positive screening,\u0000and BH service use in statewide data from the largest Medicaid Health Maintenance Organization in\u0000Massachusetts.\u0000Methods: Screening rates at annual well-child visits (WCVs) were assessed across 908 sites (practices) for\u0000patients ages 4-17 between 2014-2018. The primary analytic sample included WCVs in 2016 (N=76,752)\u0000and was restricted to sites with at least 30 WCVs (N=304 sites; N=72,842 patients). Use of BH services was\u0000assessed six months before and after the index WCV.\u0000Results: The mean WCV screening rate across the analytical sample was 71.2% (SD=31.3; range=0.0-\u0000100.0%) and the mean positive screening rate was 7.2% (SD=12.7, range=0-100%). Using intra-class\u0000correlations, small, but meaningful differences, were found between sites in rates of overall (r=0.38; 95%\u0000CI=0.25-0.50) and positive (r=0.10; 95% CI=0.00-0.29) screening. Although the relationship between a\u0000site’s rate of screening and the rate of BH treatment failed to reach statistical significance, there was a nonsignificant correlation (r=0.08, p=0.17) in the predicted direction and sites that screened at or above the\u0000mean screening rate (71.9% of their WCVs) were significantly more likely to have 6.0% or more of their\u0000patients receive subsequent BH services than were sites with screening rates below 71.9% (67.2% vs. 51.2%,\u0000p<.05).\u0000Conclusion: The current study documented a high level of continued compliance with the statewide\u0000mandate for routine psychosocial screening after more than a decade, although there were some relatively\u0000small decreases in compliance in recent years. The study also found that there were significant differences\u0000between sites in rates of BH screening and positive screening and a relationship between site-level rates of\u0000screening and service use.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"https://www.sciencerepository.org/hpa-axis-functioning-and-food-addiction-among-individuals-suffering-from-severe-obesity-and-awaiting-bariatric-surgery_PDR-2019-3-103","authors":"L. Biertho, S. Lemieux, A. Tchernof, A. Ouellette, C. Bégin, Christopher Rodrigue","doi":"10.31487/j.pdr.2019.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2019.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Similarities have been observed between substance dependence and overconsumption of food, leading to the development of the food addiction (FA) concept. While psychological markers of FA have often been documented, data on physiological markers remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate HPA-axis functioning through cortisol awakening response (CAR) in relation to FA among bariatric candidates. We hypothesized that participants presenting high FA symptomatology would present a blunted CAR when compared to participants presenting low FA symptomatology and that significant associations between CAR and eating behaviors would be observed within both groups. The final sample comprised 40 participants, who were invited to complete questionnaires and provide saliva samples upon awakening (T0, T15, and T30). Results from the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed a non-significant “time x group” interaction, indicating that CAR did not differ between groups. Moreover, results from correlational analyses showed different patterns of associations between CAR and eating behaviors within each group; further analyses showed that the relationship between CAR and food cravings triggered by cues in the environment was significantly moderated by FA symptomatology, as higher CAR was related to lower cue-triggered food cravings only in individuals presenting low FA symptomatology. While these findings do not support the presence of HPA-axis functioning differences in relation to FA, they suggest that the association of CAR with eating behaviors may depend on whether or not addictive tendencies are present. Further investigation of the association between CAR and eating behaviors in the context of FA will thus be essential.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116872522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-Associated Delirium Identified in The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System","authors":"Adrian Wong, Angela Li, Kane-Gill, M. Gray, Pamela L. Smithburger, S. Choi","doi":"10.31487/J.PDR.2019.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.PDR.2019.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drug toxicity and polypharmacy are major risk factors for delirium, especially in older adult patients with underlying comorbidities. However, numerous case reports have described drugs with a lower suspicion of being deliriogenic. The objective of this study was to identify deliriogenic drugs in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) to broaden the public knowledge and understanding.\u0000Study Design: Retrospective pharmacovigilance evaluation. \u0000Methods: FAERS reports from 2004 through 2015 were reviewed for delirium-associated terms, which were utilized to identify drugs most frequently reported to cause delirium. Drugs were categorized as: 1) known to be deliriogenic; 2) potentially deliriogenic; or 3) new potential to be deliriogenic. The 100 most frequently reported drugs were analyzed in reporting odds ratios (ROR). \u0000Results: Of the known deliriogenic drugs (n=32), paroxetine (ROR 4.1, CI 4.0-4.3), olanzapine (ROR 3.3, CI 3.2-3.4), and clozapine (ROR 2.9, CI 2.8-3.0) were most reported. Of the potentially deliriogenic drugs (n=54), duloxetine (ROR 3.2, CI 3.1-3.3), varenicline (ROR 3.1, CI 3.0-3.2), and gabapentin (ROR 2.9, CI 2.7-3.0) were most reported. Three drugs were considered to have new potential to be deliriogenic: heparin (ROR 1.5, CI 1.4-1.6), metformin (ROR 1.3, CI 1.3-1.4), and dalfampridine (ROR 1.1, CI 1.1-1.2).\u0000Conclusion: The majority of drugs were considered potentially deliriogenic. FAERS can provide post-marketing surveillance data to guide future studies on potentially deliriogenic drugs to guide management of causal agents.","PeriodicalId":124933,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Disorders and Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}