Frontiers in Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Focus on P2X7R in microglia: its mechanism of action and therapeutic prospects in various neuropathic pain models.","authors":"Kai Zhang, Rui Ran, Cheng-Jun Zhang, Linna Wang, Hai-Hong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1555732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1555732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common symptom of many diseases and is caused by direct or indirect damage to the nervous system. Tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are typical drugs used in clinical practice to suppress pain. However, these drugs have drawbacks, including a short duration of action, a limited analgesic effect, and possible dependence and side effects. Therefore, developing more effective NP treatment strategies has become a priority in medical research and has attracted much research attention. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a non-selective cation channel activated by adenosine triphosphate and is mainly expressed in microglia in the central nervous system. Microglial P2X7R plays an important role in pain regulation, suggesting that it could be a potential target for drug development. This review comprehensively and objectively discussed the latest research progress of P2X7R, including its structural characteristics, functional properties, relationship with microglial activation and polarization, mechanism of action, and potential therapeutic strategies in multiple NP models. This study aimed to provide in-depth insights into the association between P2X7R and NP and explore the mechanism of action of P2X7R in the pathological process of NP and the translational potential and clinical application prospects of P2X7R antagonists in pain treatment, providing a scientific basis for the precise treatment of NP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1555732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and exploration of neoadjuvant \"de-escalation\" therapy for early breast cancer.","authors":"Nana Zhang, Ming Shan, Zhenfeng Huang, Fei Gao, Bingqi Xu, Wenli Kang, Jian Zhang, Li Song, Jun Liu, Jiawei Zhang, Mingyang Liu, Haitao Jiang, Xinhang Liu, Zibo Shen, Peng Zhang, Abiyasi Nanding, Guoqiang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1574665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1574665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer improves the prognosis of high-risk patients. However, whether pathological completed response (pCR) can be used as a surrogate endpoint for de-escalation therapy in patients who are relatively sensitive to treatment remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 143 breast cancer patients, with clinical stage (cStage) II-IIIA who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and achieved pCR in a short time (within 16 weeks) from 2012 to 2022. The prognosis of patients was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify independent clinicopathologic factors affecting prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up period was 47 months, the overall 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 95.3% and 96.9%, respectively, in 143 patients with pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 4-year DFS between the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and no adjuvant chemotherapy groups was 76.4% and 95.2%, with a significant statistical difference between both groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). For HER2-positive (HER2+) and Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the addition of targeted therapy or platinum-based drugs had no impact on prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognosis showed that only postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy significantly affected prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with operable cStage II-IIIA breast cancer who achieved pCR after a short period of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have a satisfactory prognosis and may be suitable for chemotherapy \"de-escalation.\" This approach is also a dominant application of neoadjuvant \"tailoring therapy.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1574665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of ciprofol.","authors":"Jianshun Zhou, Lifeng Wang, Zhaoying Zhong, Lei Yuan, Jinhua Huang, Ping Zou, Xiaohui Cao, Donglan Peng, Baozhen Liao, Jianqiang Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1572112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1572112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Propofol has become one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents because of its good sedative effects, rapid onset, and fast metabolism. However, its associated respiratory and circulatory depression and injection pain make it difficult for patients to tolerate. Ciprofol, which is structurally similar to propofol but has an additional cyclopropyl group, is less likely to impact respiratory and circulatory function and cause injection pain, highlighting its potential for clinical application. Currently, as research on Ciprofol is still in the exploratory stage, its clinical application is limited because its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The aim of this article is to review the pharmacological mechanisms of propofol, hypothesize the primary pharmacological effects and potential adverse reactions of Ciprofol, and summarize its current clinical application status, with the goal of providing a reference for future clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1572112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymoquinone alleviates the accumulation of ROS and pyroptosis and promotes perforator skin flap survival through SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.","authors":"Jianxin Yang, Haojie Zhang, Libin Ni, Jun He","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1567762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1567762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perforator flap transplantation is an important technique in flap reconstructive surgery, but flap necrosis limits its clinical effectiveness. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural bioactive plant quinone found in black seed, exhibits anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of TQ in a perforator flap model through <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Tert-butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP) to simulate an <i>in vitro</i> flap model and were then treated with TQ. <i>In vivo</i> experiments used a rat perforator flap model, and vascularization was assessed using Doppler ultrasound on days 3 and 7 after flap creation. On day 7 post-surgery, flap samples were collected to evaluate vascularity, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and pyroptosis. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify relevant signaling pathways, and molecular docking techniques were used to predict potential target binding sites. <i>In vitro</i> results showed that both TQ treatment and NLRP3 inhibitors reduced the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. <i>In vivo</i> results indicated that the TQ-treated group had increased flap survival area, blood flow intensity, and microvascular density, while oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis levels were reduced. Angiogenesis was enhanced, and expression of the SIRT1 protein was increased, while the p-P65/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was downregulated. After treatment with a SIRT1 inhibitor, flap survival rate and angiogenesis were reduced. These findings suggest that TQ improves perforator flap survival by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and promoting angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1567762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Population dynamics analysis of the interaction between tacrolimus and voriconazole in renal transplant recipients.","authors":"Zhi-Hua Sun, Yi-Chang Zhao, Jia-Kai Li, Fenghua Peng, Feng Yu, Bi-Kui Zhang, Miao Yan","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1584520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1502097.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1584520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Bayesian approaches in oncology clinical trials: A cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Borja G Lopez-Rey, Gerard Carot-Sans, Dan Ouchi, Ferran Torres, Caridad Pontes","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1548997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1548997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bayesian approaches may improve the efficiency of trials and accelerate decision-making, but reluctance to depart from traditional frequentist statistics may limit their use. Because oncology trials generally involve severe conditions with no or limited therapeutic options, they are well-suited to applying Bayesian methodologies and are perceived as using these methods often in early phases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aim to describe the use of Bayesian methods and designs in oncology clinical trials in the last 20 years.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to identify oncology clinical trials using Bayesian approaches registered in clinicaltrials.gov between 2004 and 2024. Trials were searched in clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, and through manual search of cross-references.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bayesian trials were retrieved, and their main characteristics were extracted using R and verified manually. Between 2004 and 2024, 384,298 trials were registered in clinicaltrials.gov; we identified 84,850 oncology clinical trials (22%), of which 640 (0.75%) used Bayesian approaches. The adoption of Bayesian trials increased significantly after 2011, but while half of all Bayesian studies started in the last 5 years, this paralleled the overall increase in oncology research rather than an increase in the proportion of Bayesian trials. The majority of Bayesian trials were phase 1 and phase 2 studies, and two-thirds of Bayesian trials with efficacy objectives had single-arm designs, often utilizing binary endpoints, such as overall response, as the primary measure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uptake of Bayesian methods in oncology clinical trials has flattened and is still scarce, and is mostly applied to the analysis of treatment efficacy in single-arm trials with binary endpoints. There is room for further uptake and use of their potential advantages in settings with small populations and severe conditions with unmet needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1548997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis and <i>in vivo</i> experiments reveal the therapeutic mechanisms of total ginsenosides in a <i>Drosophila</i> model of ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Gongchen He, Jian Sun, Yuexin Gu, Yanjie Zheng, Liang Wang, Yanyan Sun","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1556579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1556579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut homeostasis is critical for human health, ulcerative colitis (UC) can disrupt gut homeostasis and cause disease. <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer is a widely used traditional herbal medicine known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. However, the protective mechanisms of total ginsenosides (TG) in treating UC remain unclear. In this study, we employed <i>Drosophila</i> melanogaster as a model organism to investigate the protective effects of TG on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal injury. Our data showed that TG significantly improved survival rates in female flies, restored intestinal length, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviated oxidative stress. Additionally, TG may protect against intestinal damage by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that TG alleviates UC symptoms through multi-target regulation, highlighting its potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1556579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milciclib-mediated CDK2 inhibition to boost radiotherapy sensitivity in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Junjie Ma, Shanshan Wu, Xinxin Yang, Shuying Shen, Yiqian Zhu, Ruoqi Wang, Wei Xu, Yue Li, Haixin Zhu, Youyou Yan, Nengming Lin, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1557925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1557925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer globally. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer; however, primary or acquired resistance often leads to treatment failure. Identifying new targets to overcome radiotherapy resistance in CRC is crucial for improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the antitumor effects of Milciclib in CRC cells, we conducted assays measuring cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in HCT116 and RKO cell lines following Milciclib treatment. Additionally, CRC cells were treated with a combination of Milciclib and irradiation to determine whether Milciclib could enhance their radiosensitivity. The efficacy of Milciclib was also assessed in radiation-resistant CRC cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of cytotoxicity and proliferation assays indicated that the IC50 values of Milciclib for human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-116 and RKO, based on cell viability measurements, were 0.275 μM and 0.403 μM, respectively. Milciclib induced a dose-dependent reduction in the proportion of CRC cells in the G2/M phase and promoted apoptosis. When combined with irradiation, Milciclib led to a 20% increase in the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and a 10% decrease in the G2 phase, suggesting an alteration in cell cycle distribution. Additionally, Milciclib impaired DNA damage repair by inhibiting Rad51, thereby enhancing radiation sensitivity. In radiation-resistant CRC cells, the combination of Milciclib and irradiation demonstrated increased efficacy, with a sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) above 1, indicating a potential radiosensitizing effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Milciclib exhibits antitumor activity in CRC cells as a monotherapy and enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy when used in combination. It disrupts the G2/M checkpoint and impairs DNA repair mechanisms. These findings suggest that Milciclib has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent for CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1557925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelargonidin improves functional recovery and attenuates neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in rats: relevance to its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.","authors":"Leila Kooshki, Sajad Fakhri, Fatemeh Abbaszadeh, Amir Kiani, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori, Javier Echeverría","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1547187","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1547187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impairs individuals' sensorimotor functions, hindering daily activities. Current therapeutic options often demonstrate limited efficacy and lead to undesirable side effects. Emerging research highlights the potential of anthocyanins, especially pelargonidin, which possess neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties beneficial for neurological conditions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study sought to explore the impact of intrathecal administration of pelargonidin on the recovery of sensory-motor functions and associated disorders in a rat model of SCI through neuroprotective effects and regulating inflammatory/oxidative stress mediators.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sham, SCI, and three treatment groups receiving different intrathecal concentrations of pelargonidin (1, 2, and 4 mM) once on day 0 after surgery/injury. Weight changes were assessed and behavioral analyses were done, including hot plate tests, acetone drop tests, von Frey tests, inclined plane tests, as well as Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores, weekly up to day 28 post-injury. On day 28, serum levels of nitrite, catalase, and glutathione as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) assays and histological evaluations were done.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Pelargonidin significantly attenuated neuropathic pain, improved motor performance, and reduced weight loss in rats with SCI. Biochemical assays demonstrated increased serum catalase/glutathione level, and MMP2 activity, while decreased serum nitrite level and MMP9 activity. Histological analyses showed an enhancement in the number of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord after treatment with pelargonidin, highlighting its neuroprotective and neurogenic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pelargonidin makes substantial therapeutic benefits following SCI by accelerating sensorimotor recovery. This effect is likely due to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solanesol: a promising natural product.","authors":"Yinchao Ma, Ge Wei, Zhichen Dong, Ziyuan Wang, Xinlong Zhai, Yuan Liu, Huan Chen, Yaning Fu, Hongwei Hou, Qingyuan Hu, Ming Chu","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1504245","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1504245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solanesol, identified as Nonaprenol alcohol, predominates in the <i>Solanaceae</i> family. This compound exists as a white to pale yellow solid at room temperature, characterized by low polarity and water insolubility. Its unique chemical structure-featuring nine non-conjugated double bonds and low polarity-confers remarkable biological activities. Recent studies have demonstrated that solanesol exhibits polypharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane-stabilizing effects. Mechanistically, solanesol suppresses ROS generation and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α). Preclinical studies highlight its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders (periodontitis, neuropathic pain) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's). However, current research still faces critical bottlenecks, such as a lack of <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic data, unclear molecular targets, and insufficient toxicity assessments. Future studies urgently need to integrate experimental approaches, including target screening, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and multi-omics analysis, to elucidate its mechanisms of action and promote clinical translation. As a compound that combines natural safety with multi-target effects, solanesol is not only a research focus for the development of novel drugs but also a bridge connecting natural products and precision medicine, poised to lead the innovation of next-generation biocompatible therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12491,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1504245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}