Physical Science International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Incorporation of Glass from Used Photovoltaic Solar Modules into the Concrete Matrix of Construction as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Burkina Faso","authors":"Abdoul Aziz Ouiminga, B. Kaboré, G. W. P. Ouedraogo, S. Kam","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10766","url":null,"abstract":"Several wastes can be recycled and used in the field of civil engineering. The incorporation of glass waste into the concrete matrix allows us to sustain and preserve natural resources. The aim of this study is to efficiently recycle glass waste from photovoltaic solar modules, for use in concrete as a partial replacement for cement. We obtained in this work different results depending on the amount of glass added to replace the cement. The tests began on the 7th day of concrete production and we waited until the twenty-eighth of concrete production, which is 10/29/2022, for the final compressions to be carried out. The control concrete P1 gives a value of 23.88MPa or 95.52% of 25MPa, the glass-enhanced concrete 10% of the weight of cement P2 presents a value of 24.66MPa or 99.04% of 25MPa, for the glass-enhanced concrete 15% of the weight of P3 cement we obtain 20.36MPa or 81.44% of 25MPa, Glass-enhanced concrete 20% of the weight of P4 cement gives a value of 17.88MPa or 71.52% of 25 MPA. P2 presents a higher result than that of the control concrete (24.66MPa > 19.49 MPa). We also note that the value of P2 is very close to the normal fixed during the formulation of the concrete. Therefore, we can say that the compression result of the 28th day of the improved concrete of the glass 10% of the P2 cement is acceptable compared to the others (P1, P3, P4). As the PV solar module has several components such as resin, Tedlar, solar cells and aluminum, it is not excluded to make a hypothesis on the chemical impact of these in the glass powder. This requires full-fledged research on the properties of used glass in order to improve the values of the compressive strength and to draw a conclusion on the incorporation of glass into the concrete matrix in Burkina Faso. The use of waste glass in              concrete will contribute to sustainable development. The incorporation of glass waste into the concrete matrix allows us to reduce associated carbon dioxide emissions and lower cement production costs.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125410106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral Response of a Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cell: Under the Influence of the Variation of the Refractive Indices of the Antireflection Materials","authors":"Awa Dieye, N. Mbengue, Mayoro Dieye, Oumar A. Niasse, Bassioru Ba","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8759","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations have shown that low reflectivity’s at the surface of the planar cell coated with a single layer can be obtained. For example, for single coatings of Si3N4 and HfO2 materials, reflectivity values of around 3% and 2% respectively are obtained. Structures with multilayer coatings such as MgF2 /SiNx: H/Si, give a very low reflectivity of around 1%. Thus, the refractive index of the coating is an important parameter that plays a major role in the optical properties of the materials. The closer the refractive index is to the index of the substrate or the layer above the substrate, the higher the reflectivity. The low reflectivity’s of silicon coated with anti-reflective materials increase the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell; for example, the efficiency is 95% for HfO2 /Si and Si3N4 /Si, as there is a maximum incident photon flux within the solar cell.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124973760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional Modeling Study of the Effect of Irradiation on a Single-face Polycrystalline Silicon Photocell under Multispectral Illumination","authors":"Mayoro Dieye, N. Mbengue, Awa Dieye","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8760","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional modeling study of a polycrystalline silicon mono-facet photocell under multi-spectral illumination is presented highlighting the effect of irradiation energy (Φ) and damage coefficient (Kl) on the macroscopic parameters. Using the junction recombination rate Sf and the backside recombination rate (Sb) in a 3D modeling study, the continuity equation is solved. We determined the current density the current density and the photovoltage. This study takes into account the irradiation energy and the damage coefficient on the quality of the polycrystalline silicon photocell.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Compact Stars with Buchdahl Potential in 5-D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity","authors":"M. Malaver, R. Iyer, I. Khan","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10762","url":null,"abstract":"The general theory of relativity has allowed a better understanding of the structure of universe. One of the fundamentals problems in the general relativity is finding exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. Some solutions found applications in astrophysics, cosmology and more recently in the developments inspired by string theory. In this paper, we presented a compact object model in the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity (EGB) with a linear equation of state considering a metric potential proposed for Buchdahl (1959). The new obtained models satisfy all physical requirements of a physically reasonable stellar object. We analyzed the effect of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant α on the main physical characteristics of the model. We checked that the radial pressure, energy density and anisotropy are well defined and are regular in the interior of the star and are dependent of the values of the coupling constant.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131720241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Linear Fresnel Collector Receivers used in Solar Thermal Technology","authors":"G. Ko, Aboubakar Gomna, Q. Falcoz, Y. Coulibaly, R. Olives","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8758","url":null,"abstract":"Linear Fresnel collectors (LFC) have, among the four technologies of concentrating solar power (CSP), the simpler technology. They have a one axis sun tracking, plane mirrors and a fix receiver. All these elements make them the most suitable for small scales CSP plants adapted to rural area of the Sub-Saharan region. The receiver is an important part of the LFC. There is a wide variety of receivers that differ in the shape of the absorber: mono-tube, multi-tube, plane. The shape of the secondary concentrator or its absence allows to categorize the receivers in a butterfly, compound parabolic concentrator, segmented parabolic secondary concentrator or trapezoidal receiver. Vacuum mono-tube receivers have heat losses between 200 W/m and 270 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. A mono tube receiver at partial vacuum losses more than 350 W/m at 350°C. The lowest heat losses of a multi-tube receiver with a trapezoidal secondary concentrator can reach 500 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. This paper discusses a comparative study of existing receiver designs in order to find the most suitable for rural areas in the sub-Saharan region, i.e. easy to design by hand and low cost. Although they do not have the best thermal performance, trapezoidal receivers with a black-painted copper multi-tube absorber and a glass cover seem to be the most suitable.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122092996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About Nature of Nuclear Forthes","authors":"B. Vasiliev","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i8757","url":null,"abstract":"After the discovery of the proton-neutron composition of nuclei, the problem of nuclear forces nature became especially urgent.Nowadays, nuclear forces are explained by the action of a special strong interaction that occurs when nuclear nucleons exchange special particles - gluons.This article proves that the attraction between protons and neutrons can be explained by the well-known quantum mechanical effect, which was first described about a hundred years ago. This is the attraction between two protons that occurs when they are exchanged by electron (in this case relativistic). This makes it possible, abandoning the gluon model, to obtain quantitative estimates of the magnitude of the mass defect of both lightand heavy nuclei.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical and Optical Properties of Boron Doped Zinc Oxide Thin-film Deposited by Metal-organic Chemical Vapour Deposition for Photovoltaic Application","authors":"Duke Ateyh Oeba, C. Mosiori","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7756","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, there is a high demand for clean, sustainable and renewable energy for domestic and industrial use. Conventional photovoltaic cell technology relies heavily on crystalline silicon wafers which render silicon-based solar cells expensive due to the initial cost of production and required complex deposition methods. Due to these challenges, great research interest is now directed towards thin-film solar cells. In this work, the metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method was chosen in the preparation of boron-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: B) thin film onto a glass slide substrate. The prepared ZnO: B thin films were characterized and optimized as a window layer for solar light trapping. The transmittance of the ZnO: B films varied between 70% and 81% for boron concentration ranging from 0.0 M to 0.06 M.  With the increase in boron concentration, bandgap and resistivity of the ZnO: B varied from 2.96 to 3.72 eV and 120 Ω-cm to 58 Ω-cm, respectively. Based on the results obtained, we believe that ZnO: B is suitable as a window layer for solar light trapping in the fabrication of a photovoltaic cell.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125131831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Atom Formation","authors":"Mustapha Abdullahi","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7755","url":null,"abstract":"The theory’s aim is to explain the ideal science of atom formation. In the process of building atom by subatomic particles, at initial stage, both the positive and negative charged particles must make contact with neutrally charged particles in separate each and form posneu and negneu contacts respectively. With the aid of aiding factor(s), each contact will undergo massive leading movement of particles to form protal zone and electral zone for posneu and negneu contacts respectively. The neutral zone forms between the above mention zones. The interaction among all the three zones will bring about the formation of neutralia which further affected by electromagnetic force to participate in nuclear formation. When nucleus formed, changes and transformations of neutral zone will continue happening in sequential order of orbatalia, orba thread, orba and shell. After the arrangement of electrons, the resultant structural material is called atom.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131773362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of a Petrol-Powered Hammer Mill Machine","authors":"J. A. Olowonubi, I. Adejugbe, S. A. Fatounde, J. O. Aigbovbiosa, O. Oyegunwa, O. Komolafe, A. Ogunkoya","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7754","url":null,"abstract":"A conventional hammer mill is a device consisting of a rotating head with free- swinging hammers, which reduce rock, grains or similarly hard objects to a predetermined size through a perforated screen. Hammer mills can be used for grinding laterite sand in its not-so-fine form into a finer/smaller form for sand production for the building/housing sector. This project is focused on the design, development, and testing of a hammer mill that has a small scale production capability for usage by small and medium scale (SME’s). The grinding process is achieved by the use of a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the detachable screen with aperture sizes ranging from 87µm to 2 mm. The conceptual design was based on the principle of design by analysis. The methodology adopted was to examine the most critical defects of conventional hammer mills and provide solutions. The major components of the new hammer mill are Inlet tray, Throat, Magnetic chamber, Rotor, Crushing chamber, Hammer mill body, Hammers/Beaters, Screen, Bearings, Discharge, Table or stand, Mechanical drive, Pulleys, The simple aim of this paper is to develop a hammer mill machine that will enhance the efficient grinding operation of laterite rock into a sandy profile to be used in the construction/housing sector. This paper presents the design of an efficient hammer mill machine that was developed with locally sourced materials with ease of maintenance amongst other advantages. The machine is driven by an electric motor of 7.5kW at a speed of 1440rpm and with the appropriate pulley ratio, the machine operated at a speed of 4320RPM with an operating rate of 250kg/hour. Several fabrication techniques such as welding, machining, etc. are adopted for the fabrication of the machine. Dry rocky laterite sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a grinding capacity of 250kg/hr and grinding efficiency 0f 98.2%. The fabricated laterite grinding machine performed well with high sieving efficiency, reliability, durability with an estimated cost of 965,000.00 Nigerian Naira. \u0000The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and the grinding efficiency of 94.4% was achieved.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130624459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study of Turbulent Mixed Convection in a Square Lid Driven Cavity with an Inside Hot Bloc","authors":"Komlan Djiwonou Woenagnon, K. N’wuitcha, K. A. Amou, M. Banna","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i7753","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we are interested in the two-dimensional numerical simulation of the turbulent mixed convection in the case of a square with two side lid-driven cavity containing a hot obstacle. The transfer equations coupled with those of the  K - ε closure model and the boundary conditions were presented and discretized using the finite volume method. The coupling between the velocity and pressure fields is achieved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The technique of line-by-line scanning with the Thomas algorithm (TDMA) is used for the iterative resolution of discretized equations. The control parameters of the present study are the temperature gradient between the hot walls and the cold walls, and the speed imposed on the mobile walls. Streamlines generally show flow characterized by the presence of two counter-rotating cells. The areas adjacent to the isothermal walls and to the moving walls are the site of the development of thermal and dynamic boundary layers, where significant temperature and velocity gradients have been observed, subsequently influencing the profiles of turbulent quantities such as turbulent viscosity, the production and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy and the intensity of turbulence.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122096624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}