Physical Science International Journal最新文献_第2页

Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation 利用 PolSK 调制改善 FSO 链路性能

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2024/v28i3829

Douatia Koné, K. A. Kamenan, A. Kamagate

{"title":"Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation","authors":"Douatia Koné, K. A. Kamenan, A. Kamagate","doi":"10.9734/psij/2024/v28i3829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i3829","url":null,"abstract":"Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems are based on the use of infrared light to transmit information at high speed through the atmospheric channel. Their performance is therefore affected by the characteristics of the atmospheric channel. One of the most widely used methods of compensating for the effects of atmospheric factors is modulation.The main aim of this research is to demonstrate the improvement in FSO link performance using PolSK modulation in a subtropical environment such as Cˆote d’Ivoire. The performance indicators considered are bit error rate, channel capacity, outage probability and energy efficiency. The mathematical expression of the evolution of each of these indicators as a function of the atmospheric parameters of our environment was determined using the gamma-gamma model. A numerical evaluation of the results obtained was carried out using Matlab software.\u0000The results show that PolSK modulation offers the best results in terms of BER reduction, with a BER of the order of 10-11 for an SNR of 50dB, compared with BERs of 10-4 and 10-2 for BPSK and OOK modulations respectively. We obtain a probability of interruption of the order of 10-3 for PolSK modulation compared with 10-2 for BPSK modulation and 10-1 for OOK modulation. As for the channel capacity, we obtain the same value (4:1458bit/s) for PolSK and BPSK modulation compared with 3:8181bit/s for OOK modulation. BPSK modulation, on the other hand, stands out for its excellent energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Evaluation of Vibration Induced by Explosive Blasting in the Bauxite Mines of Sangarédi, Guinea 几内亚桑加雷迪铝土矿爆破引起的振动数值评估

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2826

Oumar Keita, Yacouba Camara

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Vibration Induced by Explosive Blasting in the Bauxite Mines of Sangarédi, Guinea","authors":"Oumar Keita, Yacouba Camara","doi":"10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2826","url":null,"abstract":"During rocks blasting by explosives in mines and quarries, Vibration phenomena appear in the surrounding environment, often causing significant damage to neighboring structures such as: buildings, bridges, tunnels and dams. This is why mining companies using the technique of the explosion are often faced with constraints of limiting the vibration level in order to minimize or eliminate potential damage to neighboring structures or reduce neighbor complaints. \u0000This paper presents a new numerical prediction model for vibration level induced by explosive blasting in the Bauxite mines of Sangarédi, Guinea. The dynamic damage law is associated with vibration phenomena analyses to determine numerical value of the particle velocities of different points located at different distances from the explosion hole for the explosion of a single charge hole, in order to compare to the vibration level required by the specifications of the Guinea mining company, which authorizes a vibration level of 10 mm/s in an inhabited area. The prediction of the vibration level gives particle velocities of 11m/s at a distance of 10 m from the explosion hole. Based on the results of the model, one could estimate that this required vibration level would be reached at a distance of 80 m from the blast hole.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":" 92","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Radio-Frequency Radiation Exposure from Selected Mobile Base Stations in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria 尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州耶纳戈阿部分移动基站的射频辐射评估

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2825

Arekumo Thank God, Marere Omamode

{"title":"Assessment of Radio-Frequency Radiation Exposure from Selected Mobile Base Stations in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Arekumo Thank God, Marere Omamode","doi":"10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2825","url":null,"abstract":"The antennas from mobile base stations radiate non-ionizing radio frequency radiation into space. The human body can experience negative health effects from prolonged exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Because base station installations and telecommunication networks are growing, there is a growing need to address the health risks connected with exposure to telecommunication masts. Using the Electrosmog Meter Cornet Model, power density from many telecom masts owned by various network operators was measured in this investigation. At 10-meter intervals, the RF radiation in seven (7) settlements in Yenagoa town, located in the Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, was measured within radial distances of 100 meters. With a mean value of 4.0569mWm-2, the measured values vary from 0.650mWm-2 to 9.810mWm-2. Still, values evolved. Nevertheless, additional factors, such as adjacent electromagnetic sources' wave interference or reference base station interference, caused readings to fluctuate. It was discovered that the greatest power density level was 9.810 mWm-2, and it was measured 20 meters away from the base station at site MBS1. As per the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and other regulatory authorities, the standard limit of 4.5Wm-2 for the 900 MHz system is not exceeded by the radiation exposure level, as the findings show. This shows that the exposure levels in these areas are low enough to not seriously jeopardize the health of those living in the research area.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"137 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergizing Geophysical Analysis and Geotechnical for Artificial Recharge Well and Aquifer Studies: A Comprehensive Review 人工补给井和含水层研究中的地球物理分析与岩土技术协同作用：全面回顾

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2824

M. V. Shah, U. K. Patel, Elishkumar Patel

{"title":"Synergizing Geophysical Analysis and Geotechnical for Artificial Recharge Well and Aquifer Studies: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"M. V. Shah, U. K. Patel, Elishkumar Patel","doi":"10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2824","url":null,"abstract":"The harvesting of surface runoff stands as a pivotal process in artificially recharging groundwater, playing a crucial role in augmenting groundwater within aquifers. Groundwater recharge via recharge wells is one of the successful direct sub-surface methods. To pinpoint the most suitable locations for recharge wells, a combination of geophysical surveys, including Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic, and Electrologging surveys, was used. These geophysical surveys serve as essential tools for comprehending the sub-surface lithology and played a pivotal role in identifying distinct aquifers and determining their respective dimensions, thereby aiding in the precision of recharge well placement. Our objective is to review the various methods to assess the underground water storage capacity of the aquifer based on tests viz. Sieve Analysis, Soil Water Retention Capacity, and Lateral Permeability tests. These combination of theoretical and practical evaluations aim to determine the aquifer's potential for storing groundwater. Geophysical surveys are invaluable for deriving various relationships through diverse analyses. Moreover, exploring the correlation between geophysical methods, such as electrical resistivity, and shear strength parameters is essential for comprehending the strength characteristics of subsurface layers.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Search for the Origin of the Quantum Conditions under the Paradigm of Absolute Space 在绝对空间范式下探寻量子条件的起源

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2823

S. V. Weber, A. Eye

{"title":"The Search for the Origin of the Quantum Conditions under the Paradigm of Absolute Space","authors":"S. V. Weber, A. Eye","doi":"10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i2823","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the physical (not the mathematical) origin of the quantum conditions. The assumption of an absolute space together with the speed of 369.5 km/s of the sun leads to cycloidal or helical orbits of the electron around the proton. This kind of orbits is a previously unnoticed fact and not compatible with the model of a closed circular standing wave. It is the aim of this study to search for alternative models. The Alternating Field model (AFM) assumes the existence of alternating fields for both the proton and the electron. The Higgs-field provides the energy requirements. By Puthoff’s effect, adapted for the electrostatic field, the electron changes its Compton frequency according to its position in the field. The interference of the alternating fields of the proton and the electron causes beats that are integer multiples of the orbital frequencies when the electron moves on Bohr’s orbits.\u0000Important results of this study are: The electrostatic Schwarzschild-radius is exactly half the value of the classical electron radius. Bohr’s first three principal quantum numbers, 1, 2, 3, are reproduced as 1.000052, 2.000214, and 3.000685. A two-dimensional simulation shows that the AFM causes orbits with ribbon shape. A formula, using only the orbital frequencies of the two innermost circular orbits, can predict the shortest wavelength of the Lyman series.\u0000The AFM is still incomplete. E.g., it does not prevent illegal orbits, but only indicates them. Also, the AFM does not use the magnetic core field of the proton. On the other hand, the model has produced results showing that Newton’s absolute space and the QM are compatible.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Optimal Geometry for an Empty Concentrator Augmented Wind Turbine 确定空聚光器增强型风力涡轮机的最佳几何形状

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6815

C. Shonhiwa, G. Makaka, P. Mukumba, Ngwarai Shambira

{"title":"Determination of Optimal Geometry for an Empty Concentrator Augmented Wind Turbine","authors":"C. Shonhiwa, G. Makaka, P. Mukumba, Ngwarai Shambira","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6815","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the optimal concentrator geometrical parameters of an empty concentrator augmented wind turbine (CAWT), which are used to design and install CAWTs. Place and Duration of Study: Physics Department, University of Fort Hare, South Africa between March 2023, and October 2023. Methodology: The study used the concentrator length (L) to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Lr) and the difference between inlet and outlet radii to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Rr) to investigate the effect of concentrator geometry on wind velocity augmentation and air dynamics to determine the optimum concentrator geometrical parameters using computational fluid dynamics modelling. The modelled concentrators’ geometry was created in SolidWorks, prepared for meshing in SpaceClaim, meshed, and analysed in Fluent to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and validated by primary experimental results. To make the concentrators, six equally spaced Lr were used in the range 0.1 (le) Lr (le) 0.6 and thirteen equally spaced Rr in the range 0.025 (le) Rr (le) 0.325 . The concentrators’ performance was investigated in terms of velocity augmentation ratio (Vr) and concentrator efficiency ((eta)c). Results: It was observed that the variation in Vr was influenced by the change in both Lr and Rr. The Vr and (eta)c increased with an increase in Lr to a maximum at optimum Lr and decreased thereafter. The optimum Vr was obtained at Lr = 0.4 and Rr = 0.1 with a maximum velocity at the concentrator outlet. It was also shown that the energy losses due to friction negatively impact velocity augmentation more than energy losses due to a large concentrator tilt angle at high Lr . Conclusion: When constructing a CAWT, the turbine rotor should be placed at any distance between the concentrator outlet and 0.5L behind the concentrator, and the blade tips of the turbine in a CAWT system should be at least 10% smaller than the concentrator outlet radius, for the whole rotor to receive wind with augmented velocity.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum Physics in the Context of Countable and Uncountable Infinite Sets from the Perspective of Real Analysis 从实数分析的角度看可数和不可数无限集背景下的量子物理学

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6814

Gabriel Costa Vieira Arantes, Clóves Gonçalves Rodrigues

引用次数: 0

Theme: Thermal and Dynamic Study of Convection-Radiation Coupling in a Closed Enclosure 主题封闭外壳中对流-辐射耦合的热学和动力学研究

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6808

Sanembaye Adrien, Konfé Amadou, Toussakoe Karim, K. T. S. Maurice, B. D. Joseph

{"title":"Theme: Thermal and Dynamic Study of Convection-Radiation Coupling in a Closed Enclosure","authors":"Sanembaye Adrien, Konfé Amadou, Toussakoe Karim, K. T. S. Maurice, B. D. Joseph","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6808","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a two-dimensional study of natural convection in a square air-filled cavity whose two vertical sides are subjected to a temperature difference, while the other two horizontal ones are adiabatic. The numerical method used is that of finite elements used in the COMSOL calculation code. We first studied pure natural convection, by varying the Rayleigh number from to , then its coupling with surface radiation, by varying the emissivity of the cavity surfaces from 0 to 0.6. The results are presented in the form of isotherms, pressure, current etc. It appears from this study that for a Rayleigh number less than 100, the fluid presents a vertical thermal stratification due to heat transfer only by conduction which does not generate any convective flow. The presence of surface radiation does not modify the equations governing fluid movements but only alternates the thermal boundary conditions. The coupling of natural convection and surface radiation occurs only through thermal boundary conditions. The variation in the emissivity of the walls does not influence the temperature isotherms.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138607161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in the Market Gardening Areas of Korsimoro 科西莫罗市场园艺区土壤重金属污染评估

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6807

Tougma Kiswendsida Alain, B. Luc, Doumounia Ali, I. Zongo, François Zougmoré

{"title":"Assessment of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals in the Market Gardening Areas of Korsimoro","authors":"Tougma Kiswendsida Alain, B. Luc, Doumounia Ali, I. Zongo, François Zougmoré","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6807","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess heavy metal soil pollution in market garden areas in the commune of Korsimoro. The analysis focused mainly on zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg). Composite samples of soil labels s1 to s21 were taken from the market garden site around the dam at a depth of 0-20 cm. A total of 21 soil samples were taken. The soil samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) at the Bureau of Mines and Geology of Burkina Faso laboratory (BUMIGEB). \u0000The enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), géoaccumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were determined from the metal concentrations obtained. \u0000The average concentrations of heavy metals vary as follows: \u0000Cd > Co > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Hg > Pb > As. \u0000The average concentrations of cadmium (587.039mg/kg±20.546), mercury (29.048mg/kg±20,647), nickel (60.037 mg/kg±14,615) and cobalt (575.956mg/kg±66,693) exceed the WHO limit values for agricultural soils. \u0000The calculated CF values show very high contamination of Co, Cd and Hg, considerable contamination of Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and As, and no contamination of Pb. \u0000The EF values show very severe enrichment for cobalt (Co), followed by overall extremely severe enrichment for cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). \u0000The calculated Igeo indicates extreme cadmium, mercury and cobalt contamination. \u0000The calculated PLI values are all greater than one. These results show that all the soils are polluted. \u0000The index determination approach makes it possible to predict the extent of soil pollution by the heavy metals considered in our study.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impurity Bands and Density of State in Doped Silicate Glasses with Metal Oxides (RuO2, CuO, MnO2) 掺杂金属氧化物（RuO2、CuO、MnO2）的硅酸盐玻璃中的杂质带和状态密度

Physical Science International Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6806

G. Abdurakhmanov, A. Dekhkanov, M. Tursunov, D. Tashmukhamedova

引用次数: 0