Impurity Bands and Density of State in Doped Silicate Glasses with Metal Oxides (RuO2, CuO, MnO2)

In this article, as a result of double alloying with ruthenium, copper, manganese oxides, the formation of an impurity band in silicate glass and how the density of electron states changes in it was studied by hypothetical and tunneling microprobe spectroscopy. The results of the experiment were processed using Wolfram Mathematica 11 software. It was found that around room temperature, the impurity band touches or merges with the valence band of the glass. At a high temperature (around 1000 K), the impurity band separates from the valence band of the glass, and a pseudo-gap appears between them. As a result, doped silicate glass exhibits metallic conductivity at room temperature, but at high temperatures, it has semiconductor (activation) conductivity.