Folia neuropathologica最新文献

{"title":"The diagnostic challenge of lack of choline level elevation on 1H-MR spectroscopy in grade II-III gliomas","authors":"Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, Sylwia Heinze, Krzysztof Majchrzak, Patrycja Mazgaj, Anna Hebda","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.136469","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate diagnosis of brain tumour is very important in modern neuro-oncology medicine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is supposed to be a promising tool for detecting cancerous lesions. However, the interpretation of MRS data is complicated by the fact that not all cancerous lesions exhibit elevated choline (Cho) levels. The main goal of our study was to investigate the lack of Cho_lesion/Cho_ref elevation in the population of grade II-III gliomas. <br/><br/> 89 cases of gliomas grade II and III were used for the retrospective analysis – glioma (astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma) grade II (74 out of 89 cases [83%]) and III (15 out of 89 cases [17%]) underwent conventional MRI extended by MRS before treatment. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained either by biopsy or surgical resection. Gliomas were classified to the group of no-choline elevation when the ratio of choline measured within the tumour (Cho_lesion) to choline from NABT (Cho_ref) were equal to or lower than 1. Significant differences were observed between ratios of Cho_lesion/Cr_lesion calculated for no-choline elevation and glial tumour groups as well as in the NAA_lesion/Cr_lesion ratio between the no-choline elevation group and glial tumour group. With consistent data concerning choline level elevation and slightly lower NAA value, the Cho_lesion/NAA_lesion ratio is significantly higher in the WHO II glial tumour group compared to the no-choline elevation cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.000).<br/><br/> In the current study the results demonstrated possibility of lack of choline elevation in patients with grade II-III gliomas, so it is important to remember that the lack of elevated choline levels does not exclude neoplastic lesion.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma to gliosarcoma with features of osteosarcoma","authors":"Paweł Sobczyk, Michał Sobstyl, Albert Acewicz, Joanna Rosa, Marta Grabiec, Wiesława Grajkowska","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.136020","url":null,"abstract":"Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. It is classified as grade 4 in the latest WHO CNS classification of both glial and mesenchymal components. Gliosarcoma may arise de novo or secondary from glioblastoma. It occurs in up to 2% of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. We present a case report of a 51-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, which transformed into secondary gliosarcoma with an osteosarcoma component 16 months after the initial diagnosis. We believe that increasing reporting of secondary gliosarcoma (sGS) will be helpful in understanding, diagnosing and providing more effective treatment for this cancer.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A current view of mitochondria damage and the diversity of lipopigment inclusions in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinose type 2 from rectal biopsy","authors":"Paulina Felczak, Aleksandra Kuźniar-Pałka, Agnieszka Ługowska, Elżbieta Stawicka, Sylwia Tarka, Hanna Mierzewska","doi":"10.5114/fn.2023.133795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2023.133795","url":null,"abstract":"Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a growing group of neurodegenerative storage diseases, in which specific features are sought to facilitate the creation of a universal diagnostic algorithm in the future. In our ultrastructural studies, the group of NCLs was represented by the CLN2 disease caused by a defect in the TPP1 gene encoding the enzyme tripeptidyl-peptidase 1. A 3.5-year-old girl was affected by this disease. Due to diagnostic difficulties, the spectrum of clinical, enzymatic, and genetic tests was extended to include analysis of the ultrastructure of cells from a rectal biopsy. The aim of our research was to search for pathognomonic features of CLN2 and to analyse the mitochondrial damage accompanying the disease. In the examined cells of the rectal mucosa, as expected, filamentous deposits of the curvilinear profile (CVP) type were found, which dominated quantitatively. Mixed deposits of the CVP/fingerprint profile (FPP) type were observed less frequently in the examined cells. A form of inclusions of unknown origin, not described so far in CLN2 disease, were wads of osmophilic material (WOMs). They occurred alone or co-formed mixed deposits. In addition, atypically damaged mitochondria were observed in muscularis mucosae. Their deformed cristae had contact with inclusions that looked like CVPs. Considering the confirmed role of the c subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in the formation of filamentous lipopigment deposits in the group of NCLs, we suggest the possible significance of other mitochondrial proteins, such as mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), in the formation of these deposits. The presence of WOMs in the context of searching for ultrastructural pathognomonic features in CLN2 disease also requires further research.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura mimicking meningioma: a case report and literature review","authors":"Piotr Glinka, Michał Sobstyl, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Teresa Wierzba-Bobrowicz, Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik, Wiesława Grajkowska","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.135291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.135291","url":null,"abstract":"MALT lymphoma of the dura is a very rare type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Little more than 100 cases have been reported in the literature to date. <br/><br/> We report a 43-year-old woman who was referred to hospital because of a series of three tonic-clonic seizures on the day of admission. Neurological examination revealed confusion and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a contrast-enhanced, broad-based lesion along the dura in the left parieto-occipital area. The suspicion of an en plaque meningioma was raised. The tumour invaded the brain parenchyma with visible extension into the brain sulci. There was a marked brain oedema surrounding the lesion and causing the midline shift 8 mm to the right. After stabilization of neurological condition (intravenous diuretics and steroids), the operation was performed. The diagnosis of dural MALT lymphoma was established. During the pathological examination, it was especially problematic to distinguish MALT lymphoma from follicular lymphoma, but the final diagnosis was MALT lymphoma. Surgical partial removal with additional R-CVP immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) resulted in complete remission. The follow-up period is 1 year. Our presented case of a MALT lymphoma highlights the fact that surgical partial removal with additional immunochemotherapy is an available option in these rare intracranial tumours.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of computed tomography-guided dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency regulation combined with platelet-rich plasma injection on postherpetic neuralgia: A retrospective study.","authors":"Zhongwei Wang, Jing Chen, Xiaona Guo, Yan Lin, Weipeng Ge, Yunchao Chu","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136436","DOIUrl":"10.5114/fn.2024.136436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the common refractory neuropathic pains. Oral drug treatment has great side effects and poor efficacy. To study the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) targeting dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), this retrospective observation was performed.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>All patients with PHN were divided into the control group, PRF group, and PRF + PRP group based on their different treatment methods. The control group (45 cases) received drug treatment, the PRF group (45 cases) received CT-guided PRF treatment targeted to DRG, and the PRF + PRP group received PRF and PRP treatment. The changes of the numeric rating scale (NRS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) levels, and short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) before treatment and 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days after treatment were compared among three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NRS and PSQI scores in the PRF + PRP group were lower than those in the PRF group and control group at 90 days after treatment ( p < 0.001). At 90 days after the operation, the scores of SF-36 in the PRF + PRP group were obviously elevated compared with the data of the control group and PRF group ( p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pain degree, quality of sleep of patients, and quality of life with PHN were significantly improved after PRF combined with PRP treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of diclofenac sodium and tenoxicam in the prevention of epidural fibrosis by topical application with an absorbable gelatin sponge on the dura in an experimental laminectomy model.","authors":"Sule Gokturk, Yasin Gokturk, Suat Erol Celik","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.141373","DOIUrl":"10.5114/fn.2024.141373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There has been an increasing trend in spinal surgery interventions in recent years. Low back pain is a disorder that is seen at least once in the lifetime of approximately 80% of the general population. Today, neurosurgeons perform operations including laminectomy for various reasons. Epidural fibrosis is a scar tissue that develops after posterior spinal surgery. Various synthetic and organic materials have been used in experimental studies to prevent epidural fibrosis in laminectomy defects. In this study we aimed to investigate and observe histopathologically the effectiveness of cyclooxygenase inhibitor drugs; tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium in the experimental rat laminectomy model in preventing the postoperative spinal epidural fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study, 32 Wistar-Albino female rats were used. 8 mg/kg tenoxicam and 1.5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium were applied on the dura with an absorbable gelatin sponge. After decapitation, L1-L4 laminectomy area was totally removed and histopathological examination was performed.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>It has been shown that the topical application of diclofenac sodium and tenoxicam, which are selective Cox inhibitor drugs, prevents fibroblast migration by forming a local barrier and Cox inhibitors are caused by the inhibition of prostanoids, which are inflammatory mediators.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":"426-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S1P receptor modulators affect the toxicity of amyloid β oligomers in microglial and neuronal cells.","authors":"Iga Wieczorek, Robert P Strosznajder","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.145758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.145758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of evidence has shown that the amyloid b peptide oligomers (Abo) are predominantly responsible for the neurodegeneration/cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abo cause mitochondrial dysfunctions leading to an imbalance between pro- and antiapoptotic proteins and finally to neuronal apoptosis. Further, Abo trigger overactivation of microglia followed by enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines, which exacerbates neurotoxicity of Abo. The above-mentioned alterations are accompanied by disturbed metabolism of prosurvival bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and S1P-dependent signalling via specific receptors (S1PR1-5). In the present study, we investigated for the first time the influence of selective - ponesimod (S1PR1), CYM5541 (S1PR3), CYM50308 (S1PR4), A971432 (S1PR4), siponimod (S1PR1,5) - and nonselective - phosphorylated fingolimod/pFTY720 (S1PR1,3-5) - S1P receptor modulators on cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and expression of genes encoding S1P receptors, pro- and antiapoptotic proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampal neuronal (HT22) and in microglial (BV2) cell lines treated with 1 µM Abo for 24 hours. A significant reduction in the MMP, cell viability and mRNA levels of Bcl2 and Il18 together with increased Il6 expression was observed in HT22 cells after Abo administration. CYM50308 and A971432 restored the Bcl2 mRNA level to control values (those of Abo-untreated cells) and pFTY720 markedly reduced the Il6 expression. In BV2 cells, Abo induced a significant decrease in the MMP, cell viability and expression of S1pr1, Bad, Bcl2, Tnf and Il18, which was not counteracted by any of the modulators used. In turn, mRNA levels of Il1b, Il6, were markedly increased in microglia after Abo treatment and the administration of studied compounds tended to exacerbate the proinflammatory effect of Abo. In conclusion, the toxic effect of Abo is more pronounced in microglia. S1P receptor modulators may to some extent mitigate proapoptotic and proinflammatory effects of Abo in HT22 cells. In contrast, the same compounds tend to enhance Abo-induced inflammatory changes in BV2 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"62 4","pages":"348-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crosstalk effect of cancer stem cells in the progression of pediatric medulloblastoma through signaling expression of CD133, CD44, and OCT4 with and without Wnt-b-catenin activation.","authors":"Maher Kurdi, Alaa Alkhotani, Motaz Fadul, Huda Alghefari, Awab T Tayyib, Thamer Alsharif, Majid Almansouri, Yazid Maghrabi, Shadi Alkhayyat, Taghreed Alsinani, Ahmed Bamaga, Saleh Baeesa","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.144903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.144903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are principal drivers in medulloblastoma (MB) initiation, growth, and progression. Our study aimed to explore the expression of CD133, CD44, and OCT4 signaling markers and their effects on the progression of MB.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on brain tissue of 24 pediatric cases of MB from 2016-2020. Protein expression levels of CSC markers CD133, CD44, and OCT4 were evaluated immunohistochemically and their correlation with b-catenin activity was statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 10.2 years (range 3-17), with 18 (75%) males and 6 (25%) females. b-catenin was expressed in 20 (83.3%) tumors, and 4 (16.7%) tumors showed no expression. CD133 was minimally expressed in 6 (25%) tumors and 18 tumors (75%) showed no expression. CD44 was highly expressed in 6 (25%) tumors and 18 (75%) tumors showed minimal to no expression. OCT4 was expressed in all tumors. Despite MBs with positive b-catenin expression and absent CD133 expression having longer progression-free survival (PFS), this impact on PFS did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.76). However, statistically significant differences in PFS were observed in MBs with positively expressed b-catenin and minimal or no CD44 expression, which showed prolonged PFS ( p = 0.0064). MB patients who did not express CD133 and received combined radiotherapy (RTx) and chemotherapy (CTx) showed longer PFS compared to MB patients with minimal CD133 expression. However, this association was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.42). The impact of CD44 expression and chemoradiation on PFS was statistically significant ( p = 0.0035). MB patients with absent or minimal CD44 expression who received RTx and CTx showed the longest PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medulloblastomas not expressing CSC markers (CD133, CD44) are associated with prolonged PFS and less resistance to chemoradiation. However, b-catenin is considered the main predictor for prognosis when compared to CSC markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"62 4","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between sleep apnoea and the risk of dementia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yan-Peng Li, Yan-Yan Zhang, Xiao-Meng Du, Yong-Qing Ding, Jin Sun, Xiao-Yan Lang, Zhi-Yong Kang, Xiao-Dong Li","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.145596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.145596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To systematically analyse the relationship between sleep apnoea and the risk of dementia and assess the methodological quality of the most recent research evidence.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for relevant studies. We analysed hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio values corresponding to random-effects models and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 15 studies, which involved a total of 5,207,312 participants. Compared with individuals without sleep apnoea, those with sleep apnoea had a significantly increased risk of developing all-cause dementia, with an HR of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.17-1.53, p < 0.001, I 2 = 30%). Similarly, sleep apnoea significantly increased the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, with HRs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.16-1.41, p < 0.001, I 2 = 22%) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.47-1.82, p < 0.001, I 2 = 25%), respectively. However, the presence of sleep apnoea did not affect the incidence of vascular dementia, with an HR of 1.36 (95% CI: 0.88-2.10, p = 0.16, I 2 = 50%). Funnel plots showed an approximately symmetrical distribution for both types of data, suggesting no significant publication bias. In addition, sensitivity analyses on the overall results showed that there was still some heterogeneity among studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The common condition of sleep apnoea is significantly associated with the risk of developing dementia, particularly all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but it does not significantly impact the risk of vascular dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"62 4","pages":"406-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential contributions of matrix metalloproteinase 8,9 and 13 (MMP-8,9,13) to cerebral vasospasm and the role of doxycycline inhibitors on gene expression after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage.","authors":"Yasin Göktürk, Sule Gokturk, Suat E Çelik","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.143698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.143698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vasospasm has been reported as the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who can reach the hospital. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a gene family, which are called neutral proteases in the central nervous system (CNS). In this experimental study we studied the upregulation of MMPs (MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13) gene expression and the inhibitor effects of doxycycline after experimental SAH model in rats.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>After 24 Wistar Albino rats were divided into groups, a SAH model was created by transfusion of autologous blood from the cisterna magna, and then 30 mg/kg doxycycline treatment was applied. In order to observe the efficacy of the treatment, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 gene expression levels were examined, and histopathological examinations were made in the sections taken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant increase ( p < 0.05) in MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 gene expression within the first 6 hours after SAH. The Ct parameter specifies the number of cycles in which the detected fluorescence radiation threshold value is exceeded. The MMP-13 Ct difference in the SAH group was significantly higher ( p = 0.037) than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm is complex and multifactorial. Many studies are conducted to solve the complex mechanism of cerebral vasospasm. It has been shown that the use of doxycycline causes a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) inhibition at gene expression levels (MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13), even in a single dose of usage and also these results have been confirmed by histopathology examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"62 3","pages":"305-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}