Folia neuropathologica最新文献

{"title":"Suppression of the lncRNA TUG1 alleviates neuropathic pain in rats with chronic contractile injury via the miR-29b-3p/HMGB1 axis.","authors":"Jingjing Dong, Yonghong Ding, Xia Geng, Linkai Jiang, Aiping Ouyang","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.141512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.141512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present research focused on the function of lncRNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) in a rat neuropathic pain (NP) model constructed by chronic contractile injury (CCI).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Construction of the NP rat model was performed by CCI surgery. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were applied to examine the NP behavior. RT-qPCR was established to explore the levels of TUG1, microRNA (miR)-29b-3p, and HMGB1. ELISA was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-4, and IL-6. The underlying mechanisms of TUG1 were explored by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TUG1 and HMGB1 were statistically elevated in the tissue of CCI rats, while miR-29b-3p was reduced. TUG1 competitively binds to miR-29b-3p to upregulate HMGB1 levels. Suppression of TUG1 persistently decreased PWL and PWT along with increased frequency of paw-lifting, whereas this alleviation was typically rescued by the abrogated miR-29b-3p. Analogously, knockdown of TUG1 inhibited CCI-induced overproduction of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and reduction of IL-4 and IL-6, but this inhibition was partially abrogated by the reduction of miR-29b-3p.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suppression TUG1 can alleviate NP hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation in CCI rats by competitively binding miR-29b-3p to weaken HMGB1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of components involved in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rat spinal cord.","authors":"Smilja Todorovic, Katarina Milosevic, Ana Milosevic, Marija M Janjic, Srdjan J Sokanovic, Danijela Savic, Irena Lavrnja","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.141376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.141376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysregulations in cholesterol homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best described animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cholesterol is an important component of myelin, which is necessary for signal transmission between neurons. Demyelination leads to the formation of oxysterols, degradation products of cholesterol that are ligands for nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs). Genes regulated by LXRs are involved in cholesterol efflux, absorption, transport, and excretion, which we investigated in this study. In this study, we detected changes in gene expression of Srebf1, Ldlr, Soat1, Abca1, Lrp1, and Npc1, all of which are important in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, during the course of EAE in male and female rats. In particular, differential expression of Srebf1, Ldlr, and Soat1 was observed in the spinal cord of male and female rats during EAE. Moreover, these genes are altered during EAE. In contrast, the expression of Abca1 and Lrp1 was significantly affected only by sex. In male animals, the expression of Npc1 is conspicuously reduced in EAE pathology. Thus, our study confirms the involvement of enzymes of cholesterol metabolism in the pathophysiology of EAE, with sex and disease progression affecting the expression of these genes. These findings may improve the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases associated with impaired lipid metabolism in the brain, such as MS/EAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down-regulation of PGAM5 attenuates spinal cord injury-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting ASK-1/p38/NF-kB signaling.","authors":"Junjie Guan, Xin Xu, Runze Zhang, Yingchu Gu, Xiangdong Chen","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.141372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.141372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The morbidity and mortality of spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasing year by year. It is of vital importance to ascertain the mechanism of SCI. Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) is viewed as a molecular marker of SCI, but its specific role in SCI is elusive.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Following establishment of the SCI mouse model, the pathological examination of the spinal cord was initially assessed using H&E staining. PGAM5 expression in spinal cord tissues was appraised utilizing immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, after the expression of PGAM5 in SCI mice was inhibited by adenovirus transfection, the degree of SCI was determined, and the motor ability of hind limbs was estimated with the BBB score. In addition, the apoptosis of neurons, microglia activation and the generation of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord of mice were detected. Next, at the cellular level, PGAM5 expression was inhibited in the BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), so as to explore the effects of down-regulation of PGAM5 on the activation, inflammation and apoptosis of neurons. Finally, western blot was applied for the appraisement of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1)/p38/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling-associated proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PGAM5 expression in SCI mice was found to be raised. Inhibition of PGAM5 expression in SCI mice can significantly reduce spinal cord pathological injury, SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis, microglial cell activation and inflammation. The above regulatory process might be realized through the ASK-1/p38/NF-kB signaling pathway mediated by PGAM5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Down-regulation of PGAM5 attenuated SCI-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting ASK-1/p38/NF-kB signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) in the treatment of paediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: A retrospective analysis.","authors":"Zihang Xie, Shuxin Zhang, Jie Deng, Shuai Chen, Hua Li, Fangang Meng, Tie Fang","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.136413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This investigation evaluates the effectiveness and safety of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) as a treatment modality for drug-resistant epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective review of clinical data from 40 paediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, who underwent SEEG-guided RF-TC at our Epilepsy Center between 2020 and 2022, was conducted. This review included the patients' medical history, imaging and electroencephalography results, surgical procedures, and follow-up outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of SEEG monitoring, accompanied by concurrent electrical stimulation tests, varied from 3 days to 4 weeks. Following RF-TC surgery, 4 patients demonstrated temporary neurological impairments, including central facial and tongue weakness, reduced limb strength, and challenges in fine motor hand movements. All these symptoms were related to lesions in the central region, but showed improvement within 2 weeks to 3 months post-surgery. There were no reported instances of status epilepticus, intracranial haemorrhage, or infections. During a follow-up period of 6 months to 2.5 years, seizure control was achieved in 25 patients (62.5%) at 6 months post-surgery, and a > 50% decrease in seizure frequency was observed in 10 patients. In 5 patients where seizure control was not achieved, the management of epilepsy seemed to be independent of factors such as age at surgery, duration of preoperative disease, seizure type, or negative MRI findings ( p > 0.05). Patients with controlled epilepsy exhibited cognitive improvement, with some demonstrating no EEG abnormalities upon follow-up and a decrease in antiepileptic medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SEEG-guided RF-TC appears to be a potentially effective and safe therapeutic approach for paediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in frontal lobe epilepsy (MOGHE): a report of the first case in Bulgaria.","authors":"Dimitar Metodiev, Krassimir Minkin, Petia Dimova, Ingmar Blumcke, Roland Coras, Margarita Ruseva, Rumiana Ganeva, Dimitar Parvanov, Marin Penkov, Sevdalin Nachev","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.138751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.138751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we report the first case of mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE) in Bulgaria. It is a newly recognised clinico-pathological entity with medically intractable focal epilepsy in paediatric patients. The patient of interest is a 9-year-old boy who has been suffering from refractory epilepsy since the age of three. Positron emission tomography revealed a consistent hypometabolism with maximum in the orbitofrontal and fronto-opercular cortex, as well as in the adjacent anterior insula and the anterior temporal regions. A left frontal corticotomy anterior from the precentral sulcus, left insulectomy and temporal disconnection were performed. Pathomorphological examination of the material from the resected brain tissues demonstrated oligodendroglial hyperplasia with blurring of grey-white-matter boundaries and presence of subcortical heterotopic neurones. Eighteen months post-surgically the patient is seizure-free and drug-free. The observed oligodendroglial hyperplasia with increased proliferative activity and heterotopic neurones in the white matter with blurring of grey-white-matter junctions are the histopathological hallmarks of MOGHE. More new cases are needed to establish further data about this distinct entity in frontal lobe epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early predictive value of maternal serum PAPP-A concentration at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy for preeclampsia.","authors":"Qing Wang, Weiping Zhang, Wushan Li, Chunmei Yu","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.140447","DOIUrl":"10.5114/fn.2024.140447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To determine the expression and clinical significance of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women with different degrees of preeclampsia at 11-14 weeks of gestation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The clinical data of 65 pregnant women with preeclampsia admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analysed. Another 45 normal pregnant women who came to our hospital for prenatal examination and delivery during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The serum contents of PAPP-A, a-fetoprotein (AFP) and free estriol (uE3) in each group were compared. The correlation between PAPP-A and AFP as well as uE3 was analysed by Pearson analysis. The clinical value of serological indexes in diagnosing preeclampsia was analysed using ROC curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of PAPP-A and uE3 in pregnant women in the preeclampsia group were lower, while the contents of AFP were higher than these in the healthy control group ( p < 0.01). The pregnant women with severe preeclampsia had lower levels of PAPP-A and uE3 with higher levels of AFP compared to these with mild preeclampsia ( p < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum PAPP-A was negatively correlated with AFP ( r = -0.246, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with uE3 ( r = 0.398, p < 0.01) in preeclampsia patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) of PAPP-A, AFP and uE3 to assist in the diagnosis of preeclampsia was 0.740, 0.738 and 0.806, respectively. The AUC of the combination of PAPP-A, AFP and uE3 to assist in the diagnosis was 0.912, with a sensitivity of 90.38% and a specificity of 80.33%. The clinical assisted diagnostic value of combined detection was high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The serum level of PAPP-A in pregnant women with preeclampsia in the early pregnancy was significantly lower and related to the severity of the disease. The combination of routine detection for AFP and uE3 had a good predictive value for preeclampsia, which was helpful to take relevant interventions to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia as early as possible, and had a positive impact on protecting maternal and infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proinflammatory microglial response is a common mechanism of Aroclor 1254- and Tetrabromobisphenol-A-induced neurotoxicity in immature chronically exposed rats","authors":"Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta, Grzegorz Sulkowski, Małgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz, Dorota Sulejczak, Lidia Strużyńska","doi":"10.5114/fn.2023.133796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2023.133796","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are dominant environmental and food contaminants. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used BFR in the world to improve the fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. Aroclor 1254, one of the PCBs, is widely distributed in the environment due to its extensive use in industrial applications around the world. Both groups of substances are potent toxicants. There is also increasing evidence that they have neurotoxic effects. In this study we tested the pro-inflammatory effects of Aroclor 1254 and TBBPA based on markers of microglial reactivity and levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the brain of immature rats. Aroclor 1254 or TBBPA were administered to the rats by oral gavage for two weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. Both light and electron microscopy studies revealed features indicative of microglia activation in brains of exposed rats. Morphological changes were associated with overexpression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Analysis of cytokine/chemokine array revealed significant secretion of inflammatory mediators following exposure to both TBBPA and Aroclor 1254, which was stronger in the cerebellum than in the forebrain of exposed immature rats. The results indicate a pro-inflammatory profile of microglia activation as one of the neurotoxic mechanisms of both examined toxicants.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of GMP-compliant iPSC lines generated by Sendai virus transduction is dependent upon clone identity and sex of the donor","authors":"Zuzanna Kuczynska, Pawan Kumar Neglur, Erkan Metin, Michal Liput, Marzena Zychowicz, Valery Zayat, Natalia E. Krześniak, Leonora Buzanska, Marta Kot","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.134026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.134026","url":null,"abstract":"Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a potential source of somatic cells for cell therapies due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cells of the body. To date, the clinical application of hiPSCs has been limited due to safety issues. The present study aims to standardize the safety procedure of the derivation of GMP-compliant induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from human fibroblasts. The hiPSC lines were generated using the nonintegrative Sendai virus method to incorporate Yamanaka reprogramming factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) into cells. A constant temperature was maintained during the cell culture, including all stages of the culture after transduction with Sendai virus. Pluripotency was proved in six independently generated hiPSC lines from adult female (47 years old) and male (57 years old) donors’ derived fibroblasts via alkaline phosphatase live (ALP) staining, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry. The hiPSC lines showed a gradual decrease in the presence of the virus with each subsequent passage, and this reduction was specific to the hiPSC line. The frequency and probability of chromosomal aberrations in hiPSCs were dependent on both the iPSC clone identity and sex of the donor. In summary, the generation of hiPSC for clinical applications requires safety standards application (biosafety protocol, quality control of hiPSC lines, viral and genetic integrity screening) from the first stages of the clonal selection of hiPSC from the same donor.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic challenge of lack of choline level elevation on 1H-MR spectroscopy in grade II-III gliomas","authors":"Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, Sylwia Heinze, Krzysztof Majchrzak, Patrycja Mazgaj, Anna Hebda","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.136469","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate diagnosis of brain tumour is very important in modern neuro-oncology medicine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is supposed to be a promising tool for detecting cancerous lesions. However, the interpretation of MRS data is complicated by the fact that not all cancerous lesions exhibit elevated choline (Cho) levels. The main goal of our study was to investigate the lack of Cho_lesion/Cho_ref elevation in the population of grade II-III gliomas. <br/><br/> 89 cases of gliomas grade II and III were used for the retrospective analysis – glioma (astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma) grade II (74 out of 89 cases [83%]) and III (15 out of 89 cases [17%]) underwent conventional MRI extended by MRS before treatment. Histopathological diagnosis was obtained either by biopsy or surgical resection. Gliomas were classified to the group of no-choline elevation when the ratio of choline measured within the tumour (Cho_lesion) to choline from NABT (Cho_ref) were equal to or lower than 1. Significant differences were observed between ratios of Cho_lesion/Cr_lesion calculated for no-choline elevation and glial tumour groups as well as in the NAA_lesion/Cr_lesion ratio between the no-choline elevation group and glial tumour group. With consistent data concerning choline level elevation and slightly lower NAA value, the Cho_lesion/NAA_lesion ratio is significantly higher in the WHO II glial tumour group compared to the no-choline elevation cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.000).<br/><br/> In the current study the results demonstrated possibility of lack of choline elevation in patients with grade II-III gliomas, so it is important to remember that the lack of elevated choline levels does not exclude neoplastic lesion.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma to gliosarcoma with features of osteosarcoma","authors":"Paweł Sobczyk, Michał Sobstyl, Albert Acewicz, Joanna Rosa, Marta Grabiec, Wiesława Grajkowska","doi":"10.5114/fn.2024.136020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fn.2024.136020","url":null,"abstract":"Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. It is classified as grade 4 in the latest WHO CNS classification of both glial and mesenchymal components. Gliosarcoma may arise de novo or secondary from glioblastoma. It occurs in up to 2% of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. We present a case report of a 51-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, which transformed into secondary gliosarcoma with an osteosarcoma component 16 months after the initial diagnosis. We believe that increasing reporting of secondary gliosarcoma (sGS) will be helpful in understanding, diagnosing and providing more effective treatment for this cancer.","PeriodicalId":12370,"journal":{"name":"Folia neuropathologica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}