Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Benthic communities under methane gradient in the Laptev and East Siberian seas","authors":"Olga Konovalova, Nadezhda Rimskaya-Korsakova, Petr Kuznetsov, Alexander Osadchiev, Maria Fedyaeva, Iuliia Moiseeva, Darya Purgina, Denis Kosmach, Igor Semiletov","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1406680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1406680","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMethane seeps influence surrounding benthic communities in different ways from slight changes in benthic abundance and biomass to major altering the species composition.Materials and MethodsWe studied benthic communities of 14 methane seep flares in Laptev and East Siberian seas with comparative analysis of species composition and abiotic parameters at the nearby areas not affected by methane seeps. The species diversity was comparable at seep and non-seep sites varying from 3.9 to 39.6 taxa per 100 individuals and from 4.5 to 34.8 taxa per 100 individuals, correspondingly.ResultsThe <jats:italic>Laptev Slope</jats:italic> community corresponds with the Polychaeta-community, encircling the upper continental slope area of the entire Siberian Arctic. The <jats:italic>Lower Shelf</jats:italic> community described in this study apparently corresponds with the Ophiocten sericeum community identified in the shelf areas of the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas. The <jats:italic>Upper Shelf</jats:italic> community is mostly inhabited by the bivalves species such as <jats:italic>Portlandia arctica, Ennucula tenuis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Astarte montagui</jats:italic> communities. The <jats:italic>Estuarine</jats:italic> community, which is the poorest by diversity but has high values of abundance and biomass is directly influenced by the Lena River runoff in terms of lower salinities and higher sedimentation rates.DiscussionThroughout the study area, the differences between the <jats:italic>Estuarine, Upper Shelf, Lower Shelf</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Laptev Slope</jats:italic> communities exceeded the differences between the seep and background non-seep areas. Several taxa demonstrated correlations with different environmental factors, including the latitude, depth, temperature, salinity, pH and methane content, not depending on the revealed benthic community. Eight taxa demonstrated correlations with the methane content measured at different sediment depths. Two siboglinids taxa demonstrated high abundances at stations with highest methane content deep in the sediment. At the Siberian shelf, our geochemical data for siboglinid habitats are the first to be published so far.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human–wildlife conflict patterns and hotspot prediction in the southern foothills of the Daba Mountains, China","authors":"Qiang Wu, Yunchuan Dai, Qiaoyun Sun","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1435811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1435811","url":null,"abstract":"The Daba Mountain area is recognized as one of the global biodiversity hotspots. In recent years, human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) in this region have intensified significantly. Understanding and mitigating the damage caused by wildlife is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and enhancing public welfare. We analyzed the current status of HWCs in the southern foothills of the Daba Mountains through semi-structured interviews and field surveys. Additionally, using the collected data on HWC occurrences, we predicted HWC hotspots using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The results: (1) A total of 449 cases of actual HWC incidents were investigated, primarily involving wild boars (<jats:italic>Sus scrofa</jats:italic>; 81.96%) and Asiatic black bears (<jats:italic>Ursus thibetanus</jats:italic>; 18.04%). The main types of HWC included crop destruction and attacks on beehives. (2) Incidents of damage caused by wild boars and Asiatic black bears were concentrated in the summer months, particularly from June to August. (3) In the study area, 21 out of 25 townships reported HWC cases. Notably, the townships of Fuxing, Gaoyan and Gaoguan were identified as the most affected, with Gaoyan and Fuxing experiencing the highest amounts of loss. (4) The variable of DTP (Distance to Protected Area) was found to have the greatest influence on the hotspot distributions of HWCs. The hotspot zone exhibited a strip-like distribution along the northwest–southeast axis in the central part of the study area. The total area of the HWC hotspots was 1352.56 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The largest hotspot areas were located in Xiuqi Town, Gaoyan Town, and Houping Township, accounting for 13.26%, 12.01%, and 7.83% of the total hotspot area, respectively. HWC hotspots require robust management measures to mitigate wildlife damage to local communities and enhance indigenous people’s engagement in wildlife conservation. Implementation of physical measures and compensation schemes may be necessary in these hotspots to alleviate the financial burden on indigenous populations. Our findings may provide valuable insights for the future formulation of biodiversity conservation policies and HWC mitigation strategies in the Daba Mountains.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Urban Green Infrastructure: Bridging Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Urban Development Through Adaptive Management Approach","authors":"Dong Wang, Pei-Yuan Xu, Bo-wen An, Qiu-Ping Guo","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1440477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1440477","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green infrastructure (UGI) is pivotal in reconciling biodiversity conservation with sustainable urban development through adaptive management approaches. This paper introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework integrating ecological principles, urban planning strategies, and adaptive management methodologies to nurture resilient and biodiverse urban landscapes. The essence of UGI lies in its capacity to bolster ecological connectivity, restore ecosystem functions, and provide habitats for diverse flora and fauna within urban settings. Fundamental principles governing UGI design underscore its multifunctionality, connectivity, diversity, and accessibility, emphasizing the importance of adaptive management marked by its iterative and participatory nature. Despite challenges posed by urbanization, such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change, UGI interventions offer promising avenues for enhancing habitat quality, connectivity, and ecosystem resilience. Global case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of UGI in biodiversity conservation, leveraging initiatives like green roofs, urban forests, and community gardens. UGI significantly contributes to sustainable urban development by offering diverse ecosystem services across various domains. Adaptive management is critical for effective UGI planning and implementation, ensuring flexibility amidst evolving environmental conditions. However, UGI encounters hurdles, including funding constraints, institutional fragmentation, and equity issues. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative financing mechanisms, community involvement, and policy innovations. UGI presents a transformative pathway towards fostering resilient, biodiverse, and sustainable urban landscapes, imperative for cities to thrive in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Exploring the driving factors of bryophyte assemblage distribution patterns in Tibet","authors":"Jiqi Gu, Xiaotong Song, Yanhui Ye, Xiaohong Shao, Yujia Liao, Xiaoming Shao","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1376263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1376263","url":null,"abstract":"Plant communities are complex systems shaped by a combination of deterministic and stochastic ecological processes. Bryophytes are an essential component of plant diversity in natural ecosystems, yet our understanding of their community ecology needs to catch up to that of other organisms. The unique geological history, alpine climatic conditions, and high habitat heterogeneity of Tibet provide suitable areas for bryophytes to survive in the alpine regions. Therefore, field surveys were conducted across 184 plots in forest, thicket, and herbaceous vegetation of Tibet to investigate the role of deterministic processes such as biological interactions and abiotic effects, along with stochastic processes, in shaping the distribution of bryophyte assemblages. We employed various analytical methods, including mixed effects models, partial least squares path modeling, null model analysis, and neutral community models. The study showed that bryophyte richness was highest in forests. Bryophyte assemblages showed greater segregation in forest and thicket environments compared to herbaceous vegetation. As the influence of stochastic processes increased, that of deterministic processes decreased from forests through thickets to herbaceous vegetation. Deterministic processes were the main driving forces for the bryophyte assemblage pattern. Soil properties and climatic factors, particularly pH played a key role in determining bryophyte patterns in Tibet. This study has deepened our comprehension of how deterministic and stochastic ecological processes interplay and shape bryophyte distribution patterns in Tibet.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of nubbin in the development of forewing sound-producing structures in Acheta domesticus (house cricket)","authors":"Nataliya Turchyn, Aleksandar Popadić","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1411228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1411228","url":null,"abstract":"Among insects, Orthoptera (crickets and grasshoppers) have evolved a set of highly specialized structures for acoustic communication, with males engaged in sound production and amplification (stridulation) and females in sound reception. These structures in males are located on their forewings, suggesting that some of the wing genes may have been co-opted for new roles in stridulation. As previous studies have identified <jats:italic>nubbin</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>nub</jats:italic>) as one of the key genes in the wing development network, we examined its function in the house cricket, <jats:italic>Acheta domesticus</jats:italic>. Our results show that <jats:italic>nub</jats:italic> regulates the overall size and venation of both fore- and hindwings in both sexes, consistent with its general role in wing development. Moreover, in males this gene is also involved in the development of sound resonators (primarily the harp, anal area, mirror, and chord). The distinct morphology of these structures is generated by either the activation (in the harp and anal area) or suppression (in the mirror and chord) of vein and cross-connection development in localized regions of the forewings. Finally, <jats:italic>nub</jats:italic> RNAi males do not stridulate, confirming that the observed changes in the morphology of resonators are functionally significant and responsible for the loss of sound production.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alphacoronaviruses from bats captured in European Russia in 2015 and 2021 are closely related to those of Northern Europe","authors":"Elena V. Korneenko, Andrei E. Samoilov, Ivan K. Chudinov, Ivan O. Butenko, Ignat V. Sonets, Ilya V. Artyushin, Alexander P. Yusefovich, Sergei V. Kruskop, Sergei O. Sinitsyn, Ekaterina O. Klyuchnikova, Anna S. Gladkikh, Vladimir G. Dedkov, Marina V. Safonova, Peter Daszak, Anna S. Speranskaya","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1324605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1324605","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionBats are considered the natural reservoirs of several viruses including coronaviruses (CoVs), two genera of which, alpha- and betacoronaviruses, infect humans. Despite widespread screening of bat samples for novel viruses, information on the diversity of coronaviruses in bats inhabiting Russian territory remains scarce. Here, we analyzed the presence and diversity of alphacoronaviruses (Alpha-CoVs) in bats from European Russia.MethodsFourty three fecal samples from bats of 8 species: <jats:italic>P. nathusii, P. kuhlii, M. brandtii, M. daubentonii, N. noctula, V. murinus, M. dasycneme</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. auritus</jats:italic> were taken to study.Results and discussionWe detected Alpha-CoV <jats:italic>RdRp</jats:italic> gene fragments in 30% (13/43) of samples examined in 75% (6/8) of species sampled. Phylogenetic analysis of <jats:italic>RdRp</jats:italic> showed that most of the identified Alpha-CoV sequences fall into clades within the <jats:italic>Pedacovirus</jats:italic> subgenus, with minor clusters of nyctacoviruses or myotacoviruses. We assert that closely related pedacoviruses have been circulating for a long time (from 2015 to 2021) in a large region from European Russia to Northern Europe. We propose that closely related pedacoviruses collected from common areas represent a separate species, which we name NE-Alpha coronavirus, with its host being bats of the genus <jats:italic>Pipistrellus</jats:italic> that inhabit a region from the European part of Russia to Northern Europe. Among the animals sampled, 4.6% (2/43) carried two Alpha-CoVs related to different subgenera (pedacovirus/myotacovirus or pedacovirus/nyctacovirus) simultaneously. We confirmed the presence of two different Alpha-CoV subgenera related to pedacovirus and nyctacovirus in <jats:italic>P. kuhlii</jats:italic> captured in 2021 and kept in captivity using whole genome sequencing of these viruses. The presence of two or more coronaviruses in one individual animal host is an essential prerequisite for recombination to occur. We also obtained two Alpha-CoV whole genomes from two specimens of <jats:italic>P. nathusii</jats:italic> captured in 2015. The genomic organization of BatCoV/MOW15-21 and BatCoV/MOW15-23 was similar to other Alpha-CoVs, but the assembled genomes contained a long insertion in the ORF1ab gene which has not been described in other Alpha-CoVs, except for a single sequence from <jats:italic>P. nathusii</jats:italic> captured in the Netherlands. We propose that the insertion encodes a previously undescribed domain of unknown function, probably related to the SEA domain superfamily.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of forest ecosystem services evaluation studies in East Africa","authors":"Erick O. Osewe, Bogdan Popa, Harald Vacik, Ibrahim Osewe, Ioan Vasile Abrudan","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1385351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1385351","url":null,"abstract":"The East African region hosts diverse forest ecosystems, such as woodlands, highland forests, and coastal mangrove forests. These ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity and support various plant and animal species. They provide essential resources, benefiting livelihoods directly and indirectly. Examining regional and global variations in forest ecosystem valuation, especially regarding livelihood benefits, is crucial for sustainable resource management aligned with forest-based climate solutions. The aim of this review is to assess how regional contextual factors and global trends impact the valuation of ecosystem services (ES) in East Africa, with two main objectives (1) to identify the most evaluated ES in East Africa and (2) to identify the preferred ES valuation methods and approaches applied in East Africa. Data from the Web of Science/Clarivate platform was used in the systematic review process using the Reporting standard for Systematic Evidence Syntheses to retrieve and analyse 222 articles. The ES were categorized using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services in order to create a review database. Provisioning services i.e., wood biomass and food production were the most assessed at 55%, followed by 30% regulating services i.e., carbon storage, 8.6% support services i.e., habitat and 6.4% cultural services i.e., ecotourism which reflected communities’ direct reliance on forest resources. The preferred direct ES valuation techniques included market price at 14.9% for assessing provisioning services and travel cost methods at 10.4% for cultural services. Amongst the indirect ES valuation techniques, remote sensing at 14.7% were preferred as they proved efficient for large and remote tropical forest areas. Participatory methods such as interviews at 11.8% were also preferred because they offer holistic perspectives on community priorities. This review provides spatial context on the regional priorities of ES valuation which is vital for safeguarding natural resources for future generations.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying priority ecosystem services in tidal wetland restoration","authors":"Chloe A. Jackson, Connie L. Hernandez, Susan H. Yee, Maliha S. Nash, Heida L. Diefenderfer, Amy B. Borde, Matthew C. Harwell, Theodore H. DeWitt","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1260447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1260447","url":null,"abstract":"Classification systems can be an important tool for identifying and quantifying the importance of relationships, assessing spatial patterns in a standardized way, and forecasting alternative decision scenarios to characterize the potential benefits (e.g., ecosystem services) from ecosystem restoration that improve human health and well-being. We present a top-down approach that systematically leverages ecosystem services classification systems to identify potential services relevant for ecosystem restoration decisions. We demonstrate this approach using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Ecosystem Service Classification System Plus (NESCS Plus) to identify those ecosystem services that are relevant to restoration of tidal wetlands. We selected tidal wetland management documents from federal agencies, state agencies, wetland conservation organizations, and land stewards across three regions of the continental United States (northern Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic, and Pacific Northwest) to examine regional and organizational differences in identified potential benefits of tidal wetland restoration activities and the potential user groups who may benefit. We used an automated document analysis to quantify the frequencies at which different wetland types were mentioned in the management documents along with their associated beneficiary groups and the ecological end products (EEPs) those beneficiaries care about, as defined by NESCS Plus. Results showed that a top combination across all three regions, all four organizations, and all four tidal wetland types was the EEP naturalness paired with the beneficiary people who care (existence). Overall, the Mid-Atlantic region and the land steward organizations mentioned ecosystem services more than the others, and EEPs were mentioned in combination with tidal wetlands as a high-level, more general category than the other more specific tidal wetland types. Certain regional and organizations differences were statistically significant. Those results may be useful in identifying ecosystem services-related goals for tidal wetland restoration. This approach for identifying and comparing ecosystem service priorities is broadly transferrable to other ecosystems or decision-making contexts.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of molecular barcode-based identification of earthworm specimens for biodiversity assessment","authors":"Andréa Barraux, Shanèze Noël, Virginie Roy, Lise Dupont","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1358984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1358984","url":null,"abstract":"Specimen identification at the species level is a critical challenge for understanding community structure and conserving biodiversity. The use of mitochondrial DNA barcodes, in addition to morphology, has proven to be a useful tool for earthworm identification, but it has also raised difficulties. Thus, approaches to delineating molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from cytochrome <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> oxidase subunit 1 (COI) or 16S rDNA sequence data often reveal more mitochondrial lineages than morphospecies, raising the question of whether these MOTUs should be used as taxonomic entities in community structure studies. Here, we used a newly acquired dataset of 576 COI barcodes of earthworms from Metropolitan France that were clustered in 36 MOTUS, corresponding to 21 morphospecies. We also incorporated data gathered from the literature to investigate this question. In order to match our MOTUs with already-described mitochondrial lineages, we downloaded reference sequences from the GenBank and BOLD platforms. In light of the difficulties encountered in recovering these sequences, we recommend that any new mitochondrial lineage described in a study be named consistently with previous works. Next, we analyzed the biological, ecological, and molecular data available in the literature on the different mitochondrial lineages that matched our MOTUs in order to determine if there was a consensus for species delimitation. Although the study specimens mainly belong to the Lumbricidae, which is one of the most studied families of earthworms, the data are often missing to determine if the MOTUs correspond to different species. Pending revision of the taxonomy, MOTUs for which mitochondrial divergence has been confirmed by morphological differences should be considered distinct taxonomic entities in community structure studies. In the absence of morphological differences and pending more data, we propose to distinguish for these analyses, within sexually reproducing morphospecies, the MOTUs for which mitochondrial divergence has been confirmed by multilocus nuclear data, while in the case of reproduction by parthenogenesis, ecological differences between MOTUs are necessary to consider them as different taxonomic entities.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed enhancements to improve direct-seeding outcomes for native grasses in mine restoration","authors":"Bianca Berto, Alison L. Ritchie, Todd E. Erickson","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1405649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1405649","url":null,"abstract":"Seed-based restoration in dryland environments is commonly limited by low and sporadic rainfall, extreme temperatures, and degraded soils. These challenges are exacerbated in dryland mine restoration sites where species are seeded onto mine waste substrates due to limited availability of topsoil. Native grasses are focal dryland and mine restoration species, though the ability to deliver seeds to targeted sites presents further constraints to seed-based restoration due to complex seed morphology and site attributes. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) may help to mitigate environmental stressors and improving seed handling. In this study, SETs which promote seedling recruitment and/or address edaphic challenges while also improving seed morphology and handling were tested in four Australian native grasses (<jats:italic>Cymbopogon ambiguus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. obtectus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eulalia aurea</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Eriachne obtusa</jats:italic>). Flash flaming or acid digestion (depending on species), extruded seed pellets with or without the addition of topsoil, and flaming or acid digestion used in combination with extruded pellets (with or without topsoil) were evaluated on topsoil and mine waste substrates. Material treated with either flash flaming or acid digestion tended to produce similar maximum emergence (week 3), final emergence (week 14), and above-ground biomass (week 14) on both topsoil and mine waste when compared to the un-enhanced (‘control’) treatment. Extruded pellets enhanced emergence (maximum and final) on both soil types, though had no effect on biomass. Extruded pellets containing topsoil and/or when used in combination with flash flamed or acid digested florets, provided the most significant benefits to seedling emergence, particularly on mine waste soil. However, SETs were unable to mitigate the detrimental effects of mine waste substrates on seedling biomass. This study shows promise for improving seed-based restoration in post-mine and dryland environments using SETs, though also highlights potential limitations and the importance of understanding long-term (i.e., beyond emergence) plant recruitment outcomes in SET applications.","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}