Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology最新文献_第7页

The reefs of rivarly: expertness and competition among japanese shellfish divers 竞争的珊瑚礁:日本贝类潜水员之间的专业和竞争

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1987-07-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773654

D. Plath, Jacquetta Hill

引用次数: 5

New men and big men: emerging social stratification in the third world, a case study from the New Guinea Highlands 新人和大人物:第三世界正在出现的社会分层，来自新几内亚高地的案例研究

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1987-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773448

P. Brown

引用次数: 10

From the field to the cooking pot: economic crisis and the threat to marketers in Peru 从田间到烹饪锅:经济危机和对秘鲁营销商的威胁

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1987-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773451

F. Babb

{"title":"From the field to the cooking pot: economic crisis and the threat to marketers in Peru","authors":"F. Babb","doi":"10.2307/3773451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773451","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the Peruvian government has faced two related and pressing problems: rising food prices and a proliferation of urban marketers and street vendors. The government's solution is to blame the latter for the inflation. This paper suggests that while it has served middle class interests to hold small marketers?among whom a majority are poor women?responsible for soaring food costs, closer examination shows that both high prices and the growth of petty commerce are responses to more fundamental economic problems of dependent capitalism in Peru. The Peruvian case may be understood in the more general context of the situation confronting many third world countries in which economic underdevelopment is accompanied by an expanding informal sector. Of course, there is much that can be said for the irrationality of the present marketing system in Peru?where 99 per cent of retail activity is in the hands of small, independent2 sellers (Esculies Larrabure et al. 1977:181)?and we may imagine a situation in which economic planning might result in far smoother distribution. Certainly, many marketers would be delighted to leave their market stalls and places in the streets were there employment alternatives open to them. But to expect the state in its present form to accomplish successful reform of the system through curtailing petty trade overlooks certain critical factors. First, it ignores the role ofthe Peruvian government itself in generating and perpetuating the current economic crisis and it never considers the broader international implications for Peru's food prices. Second, this view neglects some important features of the work of marketers within the present structure of underdevelop? ment in Peru; e.g., their capacity to keep down prices, their productive contribution to the process of bringing goods to consumers, and their selfsufficiency, which acts to offset the level of unemployment. If small-scale marketers provide essential services in Peru, and if petty commerce offers employment?however marginal?to members of society who might otherwise be unemployed, why then has the Peruvian government taken actions that appear to jeopardize the livelihood of marketers? Following some brief background to the current economic crisis in Peru, I discuss the relationship of small marketers to food prices, counterposing the government policy position with my own view. Developments in 1977 in the provincial city of Huaraz are then presented to illustrate how national policy directives from Lima resulted in tightening control of commerce at the local level. Finally, how national efforts to curtail marketing activity have become an important aspect of repressive government action is considered.","PeriodicalId":123584,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124786310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The snoqualme: a puget sound chiefdom snoqualme:一个普吉特人的部落

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1987-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773450

K. Tollefson

引用次数: 13

Nicknames and the Transformation of an American Jewish Community: Notes on the Anthropology of Emotion in the Urban Midwest 绰号与美国犹太社区的转型:中西部城市情感人类学笔记

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1987-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773447

Jack D. Glazier

引用次数: 12

Sibling terminology and information theory: an hypothesis concerning the growth of folk taxonomy 同胞术语与信息论:一个关于民间分类学发展的假说

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773711

E. Hedican

引用次数: 1

Market economy and changing sex-roles on a polynesian atoll 波利尼西亚环礁上的市场经济和性别角色变化

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773714

R. Feinberg

引用次数: 11

The social contexts of apology in dispute settlement: a cross-cultural study 争端解决中道歉的社会语境:跨文化研究

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1986-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773715

Letitia Hickson

{"title":"The social contexts of apology in dispute settlement: a cross-cultural study","authors":"Letitia Hickson","doi":"10.2307/3773715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773715","url":null,"abstract":"Recent anthropological studies of law and dispute settlement have spurned an interest in rules of substantive law and have concentrated, instead, on the social process of dispute settlement. For the most part, these studies have been case studies conducted in one culture, and the focus has been intracultural rather than intercultural variation in the dispute process.2 The study described here departs from most previous studies in that it attempts to test hypotheses regarding regularities across cultures in the social structure and child socialization contexts associated with one selected element in the dispute process, namely, apology. Apology is behavior by which a party implicitly or explicitly expresses regret for having wronged another and requests the forgiveness of the aggrieved party. Although a survey of the ethnographic literature indicates that apology is used in many cultures, these cultures differ in the extent to which their members stress apology as a redressive technique.3 My interest in apology derives from a case study of dispute management in a Fijian village. The following summary of the findings of that study provides a contextual description of apology.4","PeriodicalId":123584,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Maiyire: the emergence and development of a sepik culture-bound syndrome Maiyire:一种特殊文化束缚综合征的出现和发展

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1986-07-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773582

P. Roscoe

引用次数: 3

The water of life: kava ritual and the logic of sacrifice 生命之水:卡瓦仪式和献祭的逻辑

Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology Pub Date : 1986-07-01 DOI: 10.2307/3773584

J. Turner

{"title":"The water of life: kava ritual and the logic of sacrifice","authors":"J. Turner","doi":"10.2307/3773584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3773584","url":null,"abstract":"From the earliest period of European contact, foreign observers have been struck by the importance some peoples of the Pacific attribute to kava, a beverage infused from the root of a pepper plant, Piper methysticum. The preparation and drinking of kava is a central component of most rituals in certain island societies, most notably in Fiji and western Polynesia. In Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Futuna, and Uvea kava is associated with a form of ceremonial not found elsewhere. The essential features of this shared ritual format include (i) the seating of the participants in an are in order of rank to the right and left of the presiding chief, (2) a stylized procedure for preparing the beverage, (3) formal commands governing the preparation of the kava issued by the presiding chief or his representative, and (4) the serving of the beverage in order of rank (cf. Burrows 1970:54). This essay attempts to understand the cultural meanings that inform this ritual. The discussion focuses primarily on Fiji but information on other Polynesian societies is also included. Despite the local differences that exist in the kava ritual of the various island groups, the basic form is similar and, as a symbol, kava occupies an analogous position in all the cultures in this region. The analysis here examines the relationship between aspects of the general form of kava ritual, its symbolic content, and the nature of chiefly polities. Kava ritual is shown to be a form of sacrifice, as Leach (1972) notes, but the nature ofthe sacrifice is different than what he suggests. Leach (1972) restricts his analysis to the Tongan kava ritual and to the texts of certain myths that deal with its origin. These suggest to him that the kava plant is identified with a sacrificial victim.","PeriodicalId":123584,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology: An international journal of cultural and social anthropology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114987448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39