Foot最新文献

{"title":"Radiographic assessment of calcaneal fractures; A new approach to Böhler’s angle using computed tomography","authors":"Robin Eelsing ,&nbsp;Robert Hemke ,&nbsp;Kim van Oudenaarde ,&nbsp;Jens A. Halm ,&nbsp;Tim Schepers","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Böhler’s angle (BA) is used for identifying calcaneal fractures and evaluating calcaneal collapse after reconstruction. This study investigates whether it is possible to determine BA with the help of Computed Tomography (CT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective study was performed to compare the BA on conventional radiograph (Gold Standard, GS) versus measurements on CT. Two groups were studied: one group consisted of 11 subjects with a diagnosed calcaneal fracture, the other group of 11 subjects with a fracture of the lower extremities but no calcaneal fracture. A lateral Böhler angle (LBA), central Böhler angle (CBA) and a medial Böhler angle (MBA) were defined on CT. Furthermore, BA was reconstructed out of a 3D reconstruction (3DBA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CBA approached the GS with a mean difference of 3.78° (95 %CI: 2.82–4.75) with no significant difference in variance (p = 1.000). 3DBA approached the GS with a mean difference of 2.14° (95 %CI: 1.57–2.70) with a significant difference in variance (p = 0.014). No relevant correlations were found between LBA/MBA and the GS. ICC between raters was considered as good or excellent for both CBA and 3DBA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Giving the high accuracy and better capability to visualize the anatomy in the case of severe injury, measuring BA on 3D reconstruction is a suggested alternative to the traditional technique.</p></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><p>III, Retrospective</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095825922400052X/pdfft?md5=cb4acfc0fdf2a6319d145010dee04877&pid=1-s2.0-S095825922400052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heel pain in young athletes - not always Sever's Disease: A Narrative Review","authors":"Aleksi Jokela ,&nbsp;Joni Aho ,&nbsp;Jussi Kosola ,&nbsp;Antti Stenroos ,&nbsp;Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu ,&nbsp;Nicola Maffulli ,&nbsp;Lasse Lempainen","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heel pain is a prevalent issue in young athletes, often arising from overuse and increased sporting demands. While Sever's Disease is the predominant cause, various other entities, including stress-related injuries and pathologies like tumors and bone lesions, contribute to this condition. The complex hind foot anatomy, encompassing ossicles, physis, and soft tissues, may lead to heel pain. This study aims to provide physicians with a clinically oriented narrative review of adolescent heel pain, supported by illustrative cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study aims to offer physicians a comprehensive understanding of the concepts surrounding heel pain in adolescents. By presenting clinically relevant information and illustrated cases, it seeks to enhance medical practitioners' ability to diagnose and manage heel pain effectively in this specific demographic</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of functionality, pain and quality of life after surgically treated ankle fractures in active and inactive individuals","authors":"Viviane Ribeiro de Ávila ,&nbsp;Archimedes Carneiro Fonseca ,&nbsp;Germano Martins Coelho ,&nbsp;Wellington Fabiano Gomes ,&nbsp;José Carlos Leitão ,&nbsp;Nelson Fortuna de Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the ankle is often involved in low energy trauma, high-energy trauma may occur, being this considered more serious and more common of affecting young and active men. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the functionality, pain and quality of life of active and inactive adult individuals whose ankle fracture was surgically treated. Seventy-six patients split into two groups (active, n = 58 X inactive, n = 18), of the men (active, n = 38; inactive, n = 9) and women (active, n = 20; inactive, n = 9) gender participated in this prospective study. The IPAQ, MMSE, SF-36, VAS, sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires were applied in person right after surgery. The SF-36 and VAS questionnaires were reapplied 3 months in average after the surgery. Active and inactive patients of both genders show significant differences (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the functional capacity and physical aspect domains; and the bodily pain domain revealed significant difference in active and inactive men (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) between the periods post-surgical and 3 months after surgery (on average). Moderate and significant correlations were found (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) between functional capacity, physical aspect and bodily pain domains of the SF-36 and the VAS pain scores for active and inactive patients of both genders in the final follow-up period. Other significant correlations (p &lt; 0.05) for inactive men (physical aspect and bodily pain) and inactive women (functional capacity and bodily pain) are observed (after 3 months of surgery). Three months after surgery (on average), active and inactive men had functional limitations and pain symptoms. These factors seem to have negatively influenced the patient's social involvement, worsening their quality of life. Most active and inactive patients had a positive self-perception of their general health status, emotional aspects and mental health domains. Regarding active women, we observed lower energy and vitality after the same postoperative period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of unstable ankle charcot deformity using a 3-D printed titanium porous block and hindfoot nail – A case report","authors":"Venu Kavarthapu ,&nbsp;Anil Haldar","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of the ankle joint can cause marked bone resorption of the talus resulting in severe deformity and instability. The utilisation of a 3-D printed bespoke titanium porous block that allows the use of an intramedullary calcaneo-tibial nail is an attractive option in such cases that has been reported for use in post-trauma deformities, following tumour resections, in avascular necrosis of talus and for revision of failed total ankle replacements, however has not previously been reported for Charcot ankle reconstructions. We present a novel case and surgical technique illustrating the use of a 3-D printed titanium porous block and hindfoot nail for reconstruction of a deformed and unstable Charcot hindfoot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First metatarsal shortening after hallux valgus surgery: Benefits of treatment with distraction osteogenesis","authors":"Frans-Jozef Vandeputte ,&nbsp;Fernando Garcia-Barrado ,&nbsp;Giovanni Matricali ,&nbsp;Johan Lammens","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Iatrogenic shortening and elevation of the first metatarsal (MT1) is a common complication of hallux valgus surgery, inducing metatarsalgia underneath the lesser rays, a reason for patient dissatisfaction. For resolving this problem, different types of revision surgery are described, of which lengthening MT1 by distraction osteogenesis is underreported and therefore undervalued.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We present three cases with iatrogenic shortening after hallux valgus surgery treated by distraction osteogenesis of MT1 using a custom-made frame, made of Ilizarov equipment. To evaluate the amount of lengthening, the length of the first and second metatarsal (MT2) and the parabolic distribution of the metatarsal heads were compared before and after distraction. To evaluate correction in the sagittal plane, Meary’s angle was measured pre- and post-lengthening. Pain was noted by a visual analogic score during follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In our series of three cases, lengthening of MT1 between 7 mm and 18 mm, resulted in an improved parabolic distribution of the MT heads. The average difference between the second and first MT-head, relative to the SM4 axis (M2–M1) improved from 9.4 mm (<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.9 mm) to 2.8 mm (<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.7 mm) resolving corresponding pain in all patients. Meary’s angle was normalized in one case. The average duration of treatment was 116 days (<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 9 days). Minimal follow up was 11 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Using Ilizarov equipment for distraction osteogenesis of MT1 is a low-cost and effective method. Over time, this technique has proven its utility in pronounced iatrogenic shortening of MT1. The possibility to lengthen more than 1 cm, to correct in multiple planes, as well as early mobilization and weight bearing are additional advantages, but one must be careful to avoid overcorrection. The need for strict follow-up with multiple radiographs and rigorous patient selection is mandatory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naviculocuneiform joint arthrodesis in a cohort of 36 patients","authors":"Nikolaos Gougoulias ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Christidis ,&nbsp;Georgios Christidis ,&nbsp;Hesham Oshba ,&nbsp;Vasileios Lampridis","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2024.102115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Arthrodesis of the naviculocuneiform joint (NCJ) can be performed in isolation or in conjunction with arthrodesis of other joints, often in the presence of deformity. In the literature there is relative rarity of articles reporting on results and complications of NCJ arthrodesis.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Thirty-six patients (36 feet) with symptomatic NCJ arthritis underwent arthrodesis. Mean age was 59.1 years (SD 13.1; range 26–78) and 24 were women. Adjuvant procedures were performed simultaneously in 29 patients, whilst 17 had planovalgus and 1 had cavovarus foot deformity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Union of the NCJ arthrodesis was achieved in 35 out of 36 (97.2 %) patients, whilst one patient developed non-union. Mean time to union was 13.1 weeks (SD 3.8; range 8–24). Two patients (5.6 %) developed deep infection and 5 patients (13.9 %) required secondary surgical procedures. Twenty-three patients (63.9 %) rated the outcome as good or excellent, 11 (30.6 %) as fair and 2 (5.6 %) as poor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NCJ arthrodesis was part of a more complex procedure in most of the patients. Whilst union was achieved in almost all patients and complication rate was acceptable, only 64 % rated their outcome as good or excellent.</p></div><div><h3>Level of clinical evidence</h3><p>IV</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomised crossover trial on the effects of foot starting position on calf raise test outcomes: Position does matter","authors":"Kim Hébert-Losier ,&nbsp;Ma. Roxanne Fernandez ,&nbsp;Josie Athens ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Kubo ,&nbsp;Seth O’Neill","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2024.102112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This randomised crossover study with repeated measures examined the influence of the three most common foot starting positions used in conducting the calf raise test (CRT) on test outcomes. This study also accounted for the potential influence of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and level of physical activity on test outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-nine healthy individuals (59 % female, 21 ± 4 years) performed single-leg calf raise repetitions in a human movement laboratory in three randomised foot starting positions: flat, 10° incline, and step. The validated Calf Raise application was used to track the vertical displacement of a marker placed on the foot using computer vision. The application extracted the following CRT outcomes from the vertical displacement curve: number of repetitions, peak vertical height, total vertical displacement, and total positive work. Data were analysed using mixed-effects models and stepwise regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a significant main effect (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) of foot starting position on all outcomes, with all paired comparisons being statistically significant (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.023). Repetitions, total vertical displacement, and total positive work were greatest in flat and lowest in step, whereas peak vertical height was greatest in incline and lowest in step. Gender (<em>P</em> = 0.021; males&gt;females) and BMI (<em>P</em> = 0.002; lower BMI&gt;higher BMI) significantly influenced the number of repetitions. Gender (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; males&gt;females) also influenced total positive work. Age and physical activity levels did not significantly influence CRT outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CRT foot starting position mattered and significantly affected all CRT outcomes. CRT foot starting position needs consideration when contrasting data in research and practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958259224000452/pdfft?md5=dc7315c637af7502a639a3a2b109c0bf&pid=1-s2.0-S0958259224000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-specific modelling of contact characteristics in the ankle joint following triple arthrodesis in valgus, neutral and varus hindfoot positions","authors":"L. Muralidharan ,&nbsp;P. Cardiff ,&nbsp;R. Flavin ,&nbsp;A. Ivanković","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the current study was to understand the importance of the joint alignment following triple arthrodesis by analysing the contact characteristics in a normal and arthritic ankle joint using a patient-specific numerical model developed using open source software. The alignment of the hindfoot with respect to tibia is calculated from CT scans and the ankle joint model was numerically analysed for neutral, valgus and varus positions in both normal and arthritic conditions. The contact area, the magnitude and distribution of the contact pressure on the articular surface of the talar dome was evaluated using a cell-centred Finite Volume Method implemented in open-source software OpenFOAM. It was found that all positions of the hindfoot predict higher lateral pressures during heel strike. The varus position predicts the maximum increase in lateral pressures. Comparing the valgus and neutral positions, although the neutral position predicts 9.1 % higher increase in lateral pressures during heel strike than valgus, it predicts 33.6 % decrease in pressures during heel-rise and the distribution is more medial during toe-off. In the case of arthritic ankle, it could be observed that the neutral and varus hindfoot fusion positions result in a concentrated increase of lateral pressures in heel strike and flat-foot. In the case of toe-off, the neutral alignment results in an increase of 62.3 % in the contact pressures compared to the arthritic pressure of the unfused foot and is 20.8 % higher than the valgus alignment. The study helps to conclude that the fusion is more beneficial at the neutral position of the hindfoot for the patient specific ankle. However, the 5° valgus position of hindfoot alignment could be more beneficial in the arthritic ankle. Patient-specific approach to the placement of the hindfoot with the help of numerical analysis could help address the issue of ankle degradation following arthrodesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in muscle activity of extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles in toe grip and push-down movements of the great toe","authors":"Yuki Ogawa ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Maemichi ,&nbsp;Ryusei Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Takumi Okunuki ,&nbsp;Osamu Kinoshita ,&nbsp;Hideaki Nagamoto ,&nbsp;Tsukasa Kumai","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toe flexor strength is generated primarily by the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) of the extrinsic foot muscles (EFMs) and the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) of the great toe. Toe flexion methods can be broadly classified into toe grip (TG) and toe push-down (TP). Additionally, TP's interphalangeal joint (IPJ) position may influence the FHL and PIFMs activity ratios. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the muscle activity and muscle activity ratios of the FHL and AbdH during TG, TP with IPJ flexion (TPIF), and TP with IPJ extension (TPIE).</p><p>Surface electromyography and a custom-made instrument were used to measure the FHL and AbdH muscle activity during TG, TPIF, and TPIE of the great toe in 28 healthy men. The muscle activity and AbdH/FHL muscle activity ratio in the three conditions were statistically compared.</p><p>The FHL activity was significantly higher during TG and TPIF than during TPIE. The AbdH muscle activity was significantly higher during TPIF and TPIE than that during TG. The AbdH/FHL muscle activity ratio was significantly higher for TPIE, TPIF, and TG in that order.</p><p>This study showed that the FHL and AbdH muscle activity differed depending on the TG and TP of the great toe, and that the AbdH/FHL muscle activity ratio was different in the IPJ position. These results suggest that selecting a toe flexion method according to the target muscle when measuring and training the great toe flexor strength is important.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term follow up on treatment of hallux sesamoid fracture with temporary first metatarsal joint internal fixation","authors":"Conor J. Moran ,&nbsp;Brice Viard ,&nbsp;Yves Tourné","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2024.102104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fracture of the hallucial sesamoids is a pathology that causes difficulty for surgeons and patients. Because of the low incidence and the fact that up to 64–90 % heal with non-operative management, there is a lack of clear guidance in the literature for the surgical treatment of sesamoid fracture in cases of failure of non-operative management. Here long term follow up of an alternative method of surgical treatment of sesamoid fracture recalcitrant to nonoperative management is presented.</p><p>32 individuals were treated with temporary surgical immobilisation of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint using either crossed wires or two orthogonally placed two hole plates. The patients then underwent removal of the construct at 8 weeks post op after confirmation of healing on a CT scan. There was a 94 % union rate. Return to work was 61 days (15–90) return to sport 80 days (64–112) with no immediate complications and no recurrence. At last follow up mean 10 years (4–16) only 2 patients had gone on to asymptomatic non-union and one patient developed arthritis between the sesamoid and the metatarsal head. No patient has required further surgical intervention.</p><p>This retrospective cohort of patients demonstrate that this method of treatment is a valuable option in the management of sesamoid fracture which does not alter the biomechanics of the foot and has none of the long term complications of sesamoidectomy or partial sesamoidectomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}