Foot最新文献

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of orthoplastic limb salvage protocol using anterolateral femoral free flap and kickstand fixation: A retrospective case-control study","authors":"Jingjing Wen ,&nbsp;Zhegang Zhou ,&nbsp;Johnson Boey ,&nbsp;Longbiao Yu ,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Ezzat Marei ,&nbsp;Fanbin Meng ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Zeng ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the clinical outcome of orthoplastic limb salvage approach for the management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with DFUs who received treatment at the Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between January 2019 and June 2024 were analyzed. All patients received standard of care, including surgical wound debridement and revascularization, and were followed up for 6 months. Patients were divided into two different wound closure strategies: anterolateral thigh free flap transfer and Kickstand external fixation (n = 24; ALT group) and regular wound dressing (n = 24; control group).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ALT group exhibited a 50 % faster healing rate compared to the control group (33.7 ± 19.9 days versus 69.29 ± 23.5 days; P &lt; 0.001). The flap success rate was 91.7 %, with two instances of flap necrosis (8.3 %) necessitating revision. The mean 6-month AOFAS score in the limb salvage group (90.8 ± 6.2) was significantly greater than that of the control group (85.8 ± 7.7; P = 0.017). No reports of hardware infection were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The orthoplastic limb salvage approach integrates concepts from both orthopedic and plastic surgery. The incorporation of Kickstand fixation techniques mitigates flap complications and expedites wound healing. Consequently, patients experience improved quality of life, which enable them to return to their daily activities more quickly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposing flanks vs parallel flanks – The influence of screw design on compression and pull-out strength","authors":"Alexander Beer ,&nbsp;Rachel Tan ,&nbsp;Alba Morillo-Paterson ,&nbsp;Danae Morell-Cheng ,&nbsp;Mingshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Stephen Taylor ,&nbsp;Alessio Bernasconi ,&nbsp;Shelain Patel ,&nbsp;Karan Malhotra","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Screws generate and maintain compression against distracting forces when performing osteotomy or fusion surgery. Headless screws have been recently designed with opposing flank angles (OFA) between the proximal and shaft threads and are purported to achieve better compression. The aim of this study was to compare OFA designs against traditional parallel flank angle (PFA) headless screws, and headed screws, to determine differences in compression and pull-out strength (POS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a biomechanical, in-vitro sawbone study comparing four screw designs: two opposing flank headless designs (Screw A_O, Screw B_O), one parallel flank headless design (Screw C_P) and one headed design (Screw D_H). All screws were 4.0 mm diameter x 50 mm length, partially threaded, cannulated screws typically used in foot and ankle surgery (five screws tested for each design). Screw B_O had a shorter and narrower proximal threaded portion than Screws A_O and C_P. A custom apparatus was designed for measuring compression and POS. An osteotomy was created in sawbone blocks of 0.32 g/cm ³ density which simulated cancellous bone. The divided segments were apposed with four strain-gauged load cells in between. Screws were inserted per manufacture recommendations, perpendicular to the osteotomy and maximum compression was measured. To measure POS, block segments were distracted in increasing increments until the construct failed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant difference in compression between all screws: Screw A_O, 311.0 ± 4.2 N; Screw C_P, 201.4 ± 28.6 N; Screw B_O, 168.6 ± 15.9 N; Screw D_H, 119.8 ± 13.2 N (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in POS between Screw A_O (466.0 ± 29.0 N) and Screw C_p (399.0 ± 46.0 N, p = 0.089), but the other screws had significantly lower POS: Screw B_O, 310.0 ± 22.0 N; Screw D_H, 183.0 ± 12.9 N (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><strong>One of the OFA designs exhibited the highest compression</strong> and POS in this sawbone model. However, the variable results between designs suggests other screw design features may have a greater influence than the opposing of flank angles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delphi consensus on steps for scarf osteotomy: Establishing a standardized approach","authors":"Togay Koç ,&nbsp;Robin Elliot ,&nbsp;Robert Boyd ,&nbsp;Syed Neshat Anjum","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scarf osteotomy is a popular procedure for hallux valgus correction, but variability exists in its execution. This Delphi consensus study aimed to establish a standardised sequence of key procedural steps to guide training, simulation and assessment. A three-round Delphi process was conducted with an expert panel of foot and ankle surgeons. Statements achieving predefined consensus thresholds were included in the final recommendations. The study provides a framework for procedural standardisation, which can be used to inform training curricula, design of simulation training and assessment criteria. The findings also contribute to the literature aimed at improving surgical consistency and reducing complications associated with technical variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: A novel link to shorter free tendons","authors":"Tiziana Mifsud ,&nbsp;Alfred Gatt ,&nbsp;Nachiappan Chockalingam ,&nbsp;Kirill Micallef Stafrace ,&nbsp;Nat Padhiar","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury among athletes, classified into mid-portion and insertional types. While existing literature primarily emphasizes mid-portion tendinopathy as the more prevalent form, emerging evidence highlights the significance of insertional tendinopathy. Variations in clinical presentation warrant further investigation, particularly regarding anatomical differences that could inform treatment strategies and rehabilitation protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Achilles tendon pathologies and explore anatomical differences in the length of the free tendon between insertional and mid-portion tendinopathy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This study represents a cross-sectional analysis conducted as part of a larger longitudinal study on the mechanical properties of patients with Achilles tendinopathy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 103 patients (38.8 % males, 61.2 % females, age: 53 ± 12.8 years, body Mass Index (BMI): 30 ± 7.4 kg/m², 60 % sedentary while 40 % active) diagnosed with Achilles tendon pathologies from across the Maltese islands were recruited for ultrasound assessments to measure tendon length and evaluate associated anatomical characteristics. Participants were categorised based on the type of tendinopathy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A higher prevalence of insertional tendinopathy (67.9 %) was identified compared to mid-portion tendinopathy (20.3 %). Notably, participants with insertional tendinopathy presented with short tendons (3.8 ± 1.4 cm, p = &lt;0.001) compared to those with longer free tendon length in mid-portion tendinopathy (5.9 ± 1.3 cm, p = &lt;0.001). This anatomical distinction, along with the lower attachment of the soleus muscle, may contribute to differing biomechanical properties, influencing the risk of specific tendon pathologies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study is the first to report a higher prevalence of insertional tendinopathy and to highlight the link between short free tendon length and insertional tendinopathy. This emphasizes the importance of monitoring short free tendons, as they are likely pivotal in the development of insertional tendinopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising rigid ankle foot orthoses design: A quantitative evaluation of trimlines on stiffness","authors":"Sara Behforootan ,&nbsp;Panagiotis E. Chatzistergos ,&nbsp;Nicola Eddison ,&nbsp;Nachiappan Chockalingam","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are of important in the management of gait deformities in most neurological conditions through stabilising and supporting the ankle and foot. Despite its importance, there is a lack of knowledge about how some design parameters, particularly trimline geometry, affect AFO stiffness. This study employs a parametric finite element (FE) model to quantify the impact of trimline design on rigidity to improve standardisation of AFO prescription manufacture, and quality control. A parametric model was developed to systematically modify trimline placement and analyse its effect on AFO stiffness. A dorsiflexion moment of 30 Nm was employed to simulate loading conditions, with experimentally determined material properties of polypropylene. The parametric model was developed and validated against experimental results. Trimline positions were manipulated systematically by 1 mm in the proximal and 10 mm in the distal direction of ankle to investigate their impact on stiffness. Thickness, loading, and constraints were controlled for in the analysis. The results of this study verify that the model accurately predicts ankle dorsiflexion, and there are small discrepancies between calculation and experiment. Having more than five transverse plates proximal to the footplate and distal to the ankle does not significantly impact stiffness. Furthermore, trimline position has significant effect in AFO rigidity, that even small changes affect stiffness. Change in trimline posterior to the ankle produced a linear decrease in stiffness, while trimline adjustments distal to the ankle had a nonlinear effect. These findings emphasise the importance of precise prescription and quality control of trimlines to optimise the AFO function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of plantar sensory exercises on balance and fall risk in nursing home elderly","authors":"Müyesser Cavlak ,&nbsp;Emre Ata ,&nbsp;Z. Candan Algun","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Loss of balance and consequent falls are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the geriatric population. In terms of ease of application, plantar sensory-based exercises seem to be superior to other balance development exercises. Our study's objective is to examine the effects of plantar sensation education-based exercises on balance and falls.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>16 healthy, voluntary nursing home residents with the average age 77.50 ± 5.5. Individuals had plantar sensory exercises 40 min sessions for 3 days/week during eight weeks. The study was planned as a self-controlled prospective study. Functional balance was evaluated using Berg Balance Scale, dynamic balance was evaluated using 30 Second Chair Stand Test, static balance and fall risk were assessed using Biodex Balnce System.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The measurements of static balance and fall tests with the Biodex balance device after 8 weeks of plantar sensation exercises program showed significant improvement compared to the results before the treatment (p &lt; 0.05). The measurements of the Biodex balance device before the treatment were 3.45 ± 2.41, whereas the ones after the treatment showed 2.61 ± 2.18. The result of the fall <strong>risk</strong> measured by the Biodex balance device was 3.43 ± 3.11 before the treatment, whereas it came out as 2.46 ± 2.02 after the treatment. (p &lt; 0.05)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Static balance and fall risc play a significant role in the well-being of nursing home residents through exercise programs designed for plantar sensation. According to these outcomes, we believe that exercises intended for plantar sensation will be an effective treatment approach in terms of increasing the static balance and decreasing the fall risk with nursing home residents<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: Review of non-operative management, open reduction internal fixation and novel minimally invasive techniques","authors":"Adrian J. Talia ,&nbsp;David W. Shepherd ,&nbsp;Sasha Roshan-Zamir","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcaneal fractures comprise 1–2 % of all fractures and typically occur in younger, working age male patients. These injuries result in a significant burden to the patient in terms of residual pain, inability to work or participate in sports, difficulty with shoe wear and secondary reconstructive surgery such as subtalar arthrodesis. They also result in a significant burden to the healthcare system. Calcaneal fractures can be sub-classified into extra-articular and intra-articular, two-thirds of calcaneal fractures involve the articular facets of the subtalar joint. The treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures is controversial, with many authors recommending non-operative treatment. The concerns with this approach include painful malunion, articular surface disruption, heel varus and increased calcaneal width, with a significant rate of secondary reconstructive surgery. Traditional operative approaches for calcaneal fractures allowed the surgeon to restore anatomic parameters, but have been associated with high rates of soft tissue complications, up to 40 % in some series. Newer, less invasive techniques for fixation allow the surgeon to obtain a similar anatomic reduction with reduced tissue compromise. We performed a systematic literature search which identifed forty articles on which this review is based. In this review article we discuss the background of displaced, intra-articular calcaneal fractures and compare the current knowledge base of operative vs. non-operative management. We then compare and contrast the three common surgical approaches used for treatment of these injuries: the extensile lateral approach, the sinus tarsi approach and newer percutaneous/minimally invasive techniques. At the current time, the sinus tarsi approach is the mainstay for treating these fractures, with most authors favouring this over the extensile lateral approach. There is momentum for adoption of newer minimally invasive techniques which show promising results, with reduced soft tissue complications and satisfactory functional outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implants for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis of the lesser toes: Where are we? A systematic review","authors":"Vinodh Arumugam ,&nbsp;Shreyas Sanjeev Chitnis ,&nbsp;Esha Singh ,&nbsp;Alba Morillo Paterson ,&nbsp;Matthew Welck","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2025.102157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis is indicated for the treatment of lesser toe deformities. K-wires have traditionally been the standard of care for PIPJ arthrodesis, however intramedullary implants may be superior. This systematic review evaluates the union rate and outcomes of implants for PIPJ arthrodesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases were reviewed for studies reporting on outcomes of intramedullary implants for PIPJ arthrodesis in hammer or claw toe. The primary outcome measure was union rate. Secondary outcome measures included pain scores, functional improvement, patient satisfaction, quality of life and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>12 studies comparing 12 different implants in 797 patients with 1118 treated toes were reviewed. Fusion rates ranged from 22.2 % to 96 % with the highest fusion rates demonstrated with Ossiofiber (96 %, n = 24), Smart toe (43.6–93.8 %, n = 217) and Nextra (84.44 %, n = 47) respectively. 4 studies compared 3 implants to K-wire (Smart toe, Tenfuse and Nextra) with improved union rates demonstrated compared to K-wire (p &lt; 0.05). Function, pain relief, patient satisfaction and quality of life all improved following PIPJ arthrodesis with implants, however these outcomes were equivocal to K-wire. All studies were rated as high or critical risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A definitive judgement on the best implant for PIPJ arthrodesis is currently unobtainable due to the high risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Given the high cost of intramedullary implants and equivocal functional outcomes to K-wire, further comparative study with randomised control trials is advised to establish the standard of care for PIPJ arthrodesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with subtalar fusion within 5 years following calcaneal ORIF","authors":"Elisabeth White ,&nbsp;Sylvester Okoro ,&nbsp;Ameer Tabbaa ,&nbsp;Ariel N. Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Bhavya Sheth ,&nbsp;Andrew Horn ,&nbsp;Afshin E. Razi ,&nbsp;Amr A. Abdelgawad","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although most calcaneal fractures are managed with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), they can ultimately lead to subtalar arthritis and pain requiring subtalar fusion when conservative treatments prove ineffective. Understanding the risk factors associated with subtalar fusion (STF) after calcaneal ORIF is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and treatment strategies. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate these risk factors and their association with the incidence of STF, including patient demographics, medical comorbidities, same day and 90-day reimbursement data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was performed using the PearlDiver Mariner 157 national claims database from January 1st, 2010 to October 31st, 2021. Patients who underwent calcaneal ORIF, identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and ICD Procedure Codes were queried for 5-year rates of STF and reimbursement data. Patient demographics and comorbidities were recorded, and multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine the association of risk factors with STF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with STF had a higher proportion of alcohol abuse (21.3 % vs. 16.2 %), depression (58.1 % vs. 43.1 %), drug abuse (29.1 % vs. 19.7 %), obesity (40.3 % vs. 28 %) and tobacco use (62.2 % vs. 50.3 %), all exhibiting a p-value of less than 0.001. Those with depression (OR: 1.54; 99 % CI:1.29–1.84; P &lt; 0.001) and obesity (OR:1.58; 99 % CI: 1.32–1.88; P &lt; 0.001) as comorbidities had a higher odds ratio of association with STF following calcaneal ORIF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients who ultimately require STF within 5 years of calcaneal ORIF had higher rates of alcohol abuse, tobacco use, drug use, obesity, and depression. There was no significant difference observed between those with and without STF in average same-day and 90-day reimbursements and demographics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic coordination in the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot differs depending on subgroups based on foot stiffness and kinetic parameters during walking","authors":"Daiki Yamagiwa ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Iwamoto ,&nbsp;Rei Konishi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kuniki ,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Kito","doi":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foot.2024.102144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to classify subgroups of healthy young adults based on foot stiffness and related kinetic parameters during gait, as well as to analyze intra-foot sagittal kinematics within each subgroup. Data were collected from 25 males and 24 females using a 3D motion capture system, which measured the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot segments. Cluster analysis identified three subgroups based on the following variables: the truss coefficient, windlass coefficient, forward component of ground reaction force (F-GRF), and ankle plantar flexion power. Group 1 demonstrated the highest foot stiffness, as indicated by the largest truss coefficient, while Groups 2 and 3 exhibited lower stiffness, characterized by greater dorsiflexion of the midfoot and forefoot relative to the rearfoot during the stance phase. Additionally, the kinematic coordination patterns between the rearfoot-midfoot and midfoot-forefoot of Groups 2 and 3 during the early and late stance phases showed significant variation. Group 3, in particular, exhibited lower F-GRF and ankle plantar flexion power than Groups 1 and 2. These results suggest that midfoot movement during the late stance phase is critical in generating foot stiffness, with a midfoot-dominant kinematic pattern potentially serving as a key contributor. The study underscores the importance of understanding intersegmental coordination for managing foot stiffness, which could have implications for improving gait mechanics and preventing injuries. Further research is needed to explore how these findings can be applied to individuals with various foot conditions or pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12349,"journal":{"name":"Foot","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}