Forests最新文献

{"title":"Black Locust Restoration Plantations Reduce Noise Exposure at a Mining Area in Greece","authors":"Chariton Sachanidis, Natasa Kiorapostolou, Nikoleta Eleftheriadou, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Nikos Markos, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, K. Radoglou","doi":"10.3390/f17060690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f17060690","url":null,"abstract":"Mining activities elevate environmental noise and represent a major disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems. Vegetation belts are often used as mitigation measures. This study evaluates the role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest plantations in reducing noise at the lignite complex of western Macedonia, in Greece. Field measurements of noise level (LAeq) were conducted inside and outside the plantations from spring to autumn during 2020 and 2021. Measurements were taken at five points across four sites differing in their distance from the noise source. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was recorded, and meteorological variables were measured concurrently. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the effects of forest presence, distance from source, climatic conditions, and LAI, while accounting for repeated measurements across sampling days and sites. Noise levels were significantly lower within plantations than outside, indicating that restored forest stands can act as buffers to mining noise. The distance of trees from the noise source and atmospheric conditions are also significant drivers of noise levels. These findings highlight the potential of post-mining plantations to provide an additional acoustic regulation service in restored industrial landscapes.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"17 6","pages":"690-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Fast-Growing Wood into High-Strength Materials via Thermo-Mechanical Densification with Hydrothermal and Alkaline Sulfite Pretreatment","authors":"Di Wu, Duixin Ma, Liqin Song, Qinghao Wu, Huayang Fang, Hongli Liu, Jianping Sun","doi":"10.3390/f17010089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f17010089","url":null,"abstract":"Thermally compressed fast-growing wood exhibits superior mechanical properties, presenting a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to solid wood. However, to prevent structural damage and achieve higher densification during this process, effective pretreatment is essential. This study systematically evaluates the efficacy of hydrothermal and alkaline sulfite pretreatments in modifying Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.). The resulting compressed wood was comprehensively characterized in terms of mass loss, mechanical strength, microstructure, chemical composition, and cellulose crystallinity. Results indicate that, under the conditions tested, alkaline sulfite pretreatment was more effective than hydrothermal pretreatment in enhancing the material properties of densified wood, with peak density, compressive strength, and hardness achieved after 5 h for fir and 3 h for poplar, respectively. The results obtained under the present experimental conditions support the fact that alkaline sulfite pretreatment is an effective approach for producing densified wood with enhanced mechanical properties, suggesting its potential suitability for higher-value applications.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"17 1","pages":"89-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/17/1/89/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Spatial Patterns and Associations Across Different Growth Stages in Quercus Forests","authors":"Zhenghua Lian, Yingshan Jin, Xuefan Hu, Yanhong Liu, Fang Li, Fang Liang, Y. Q. Wang, Zuzheng Li, Jiahui Wang, Hongfei Chen","doi":"10.3390/f17010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f17010039","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the ecological processes that shape spatial patterns across different growth stages is crucial for revealing the mechanisms of species coexistence and community dynamics. This study investigates the spatial patterns and associations between the regeneration layer and the overstory layer in Quercus variabilis forests in northern China. Using spatial point pattern analysis, we analyzed the distribution of 2761 seedlings and 449 adult trees across twelve 20 × 20 m plots. Our results revealed a consistent pattern where seedlings exhibited significant spatial aggregation, best fitted by a simple Thomas process with an average cluster radius of 3.89 m calculated across all plots, while adult trees displayed a complete spatial random distribution. A marked reduction in local density from seedlings to adults, indicated by a self-thinning index greater than 1 in most plots, provided evidence for density-dependent mortality during stand development. However, bivariate analysis detected no significant spatial association or mark correlation between adult trees and seedlings in most plots, suggesting limited interaction between these layers after initial seedling establishment. These findings demonstrate a clear transition from clustered regeneration to randomly distributed adults, which is consistent with the potential roles of dispersal limitation, habitat filtering and competition processes, with implications for the management and conservation of temperate Quercus forest ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"17 1","pages":"39-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/17/1/39/pdf?version=1766823227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity Dynamics in Chinese Fir Plantations: The Driving Role of Plant–Soil–Microbe Interactions in Northern Subtropical China","authors":"Lijie Wang, Honggang Sun, Jianfeng Zhang, Linshui Dong","doi":"10.3390/f16121854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121854","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a cornerstone timber species in southern China. However, yet its plantation productivity frequently declines under successive rotations, threatening long-term sustainability. While belowground processes are suspected drivers, the mechanisms—particularly plant–soil–microbe interactions—remain poorly resolved. To address this, we examined a chronosequence of C. lanceolata plantations (5, 15, 20, and 30 years) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, integrating soil physicochemical assays, high-throughput sequencing, and extracellular enzyme activity profiling. We found that near-mature stands (20 years) exhibited a 60.7% decline in mean annual volume increment relative to mid-aged stands (15 years), despite continued increases in individual tree volume—suggesting a strategic shift from resource-acquisitive to nutrient-conservative growth. Peak values of soil organic carbon (32.87 g·kg−1), total nitrogen (2.51 g·kg−1), microbial biomass carbon (487.33 mg·kg−1), and phosphorus (25.65 mg·kg−1) coincided with this stage, reflecting accelerated nutrient turnover and intensified plant–microbe competition. Microbial communities shifted markedly over time: Basidiomycota and Acidobacteria became dominant in mature stands, replacing earlier Ascomycota and Proteobacteria. Random Forest and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-SEM) identified total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total phosphorus as key predictors of productivity. PLS-SEM further revealed that stand age directly enhanced productivity (β = 0.869) via improved soil properties, but also indirectly suppressed it by stimulating microbial biomass (β = 0.845)—a “dual-effect” that intensified nutrient competition. Fungal and bacterial functional profiles were complementary: under phosphorus limitation, fungi upregulated acid phosphatase to enhance P acquisition, while bacteria predominately mediated nitrogen mineralization. Our results demonstrate a coordinated “soil–microbe–enzyme” feedback mechanism regulating productivity dynamics in C. lanceolata plantations. These insights advance a mechanistic understanding of rotation-associated decline and underscore the potential for targeted nutrient and microbial management to sustain long-term plantation yields.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 12","pages":"1854-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/12/1854/pdf?version=1765618029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Tomicus yunnanensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Attractants Utilizing Dynamic Release of Catalytically Oxidized α-Pinene","authors":"Meiying Wang, Dan Feng, Haoran Li, Peng Chen, Genhai Zhao","doi":"10.3390/f16121847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121847","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a novel high-efficiency lure for Tomicus yunnanensis Existing bark beetle attractants often rely on single or fixed-ratio blends of host volatiles and their oxidation products, which struggle to mimic the dynamic release process of insect semiochemicals in nature. To address this, we established a dynamic reaction system based on the catalytic oxidation of α-pinene: ① background control (no catalyst, no heating), ② thermal oxidation system (no catalyst, 40 °C), and ③ catalytic oxidation system (with a titanium–copper modified chabazite-type zeolite catalyst, 40 °C). Behavioral screening using a Y-tube olfactometer revealed a clear gradient in attraction effectiveness among the three systems: catalytic oxidation > thermal oxidation > background control. The products from the catalytic oxidation system at 2 h of reaction showed the highest efficacy, achieving an attraction rate of 61%, which was significantly superior to the α-pinene control. These results indicate that generating dynamically proportioned volatile mixtures through catalytic oxidation can significantly enhance the attraction of T. yunnanensis Further analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated that the catalyst efficiently promoted the directional conversion of α-pinene into key bioactive compounds such as verbenol, myrtenal, and myrtenone, thereby substantially improving behavioral activity. After field validation, this dynamically released attractant could potentially be developed into a real-time field-release lure system for monitoring adult emergence and large-scale trapping, providing a feasible new technological pathway for the precise and sustained management of bark beetle pests.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 12","pages":"1847-1847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/12/1847/pdf?version=1765462572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Laboratory Screening to Greenhouse Flight Bioassay: Development of a Plant-Based Attractant for Tomicus brevipilosus","authors":"Ying Wang, Dan Feng, Genhai Zhao, Haoran Li, Peng Chen","doi":"10.3390/f16121797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121797","url":null,"abstract":"Tomicus brevipilosus Eggers is a major forest pest affecting Pinus yunnanensis Franch and Pinus kesiya var. Langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui in Southwest China. While attractants exist for related species, this study aimed to develop a more effective, tailored attractant for T. brevipilosus. We assessed the activity of host plant volatiles using electroantennography (EAG). Female and male beetles showed strong responses to different compounds: females to β-pinene, terpinolene, (+)-3-carene, and (R)-(+)-limonene; males to (+)-3-carene, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole, and D(+)-camphor. An optimized blend of these compounds achieved a high selection rate (57 ± 20%) in olfactory assays. This study represents a crucial preliminary investigation. The concentrations and release systems (rubber septa and centrifuge tubes) were optimized under controlled conditions to identify the most promising candidate for future scaling, rather than for immediate large-scale application. In semi-field cage bioassays, trap catch was highest at mid-canopy height (1.5 times branch-free height), under the cage canopy, and in treatments with low-to-moderate canopy density. This work provides a foundation for developing improved monitoring and management tools for T. brevipilosus.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 12","pages":"1797-1797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Adaptive Evolution of Cinnamomum burmanni Through TMT Proteomic and RNA-Seq Analyses","authors":"Can Cui, Bing Li, Shan Zeng, Qian Zhang, Xinqiang Chen, Huiming Lian, Jun Yao, Boxiang He, Yiqun Chen, Chen Hou","doi":"10.3390/f16111647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16111647","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume, a member of the Lauraceae family, exhibits adaptability to diverse environmental conditions by synthesizing a diverse array of specialized secondary metabolites, including terpenoids and cinnamaldehyde. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemical diversity in the leaves of C. burmanni and their remarkable adaptation to subtropical and tropical forests in South China have not been thoroughly investigated. This research integrates transcriptomic and proteomic analyses across five chemotypes of C. burmanni, namely, the borneol-type (BORCB), cinnamaldehyde-type (PROCB), eucalyptol-type (EUCCB), phytol-type (PHYCB), and chlorophyllinol-type (CARCB), by means of the Nanopore and Nano UPLC-MS/MS sequencing data. The findings indicate that PROCB demonstrates an up-regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway (such as PAL, C4H, PR proteins), which is associated with biotic stress defense. In contrast, the terpenoid-dominated chemotypes (BORCB, EUCCB, PHYCB) prioritize the biosynthesis of monoterpenes and diterpenes as well as redox homeostasis. Protein–protein interaction networks highlight functional specialization; BORCB up-regulates the expression of enzymes GGPPS and TPS2, which are involved in monoterpene production; PHYCB enhances the activity of diterpene synthases (CPS, KSL) and chloroplast retrograde signaling; EUCCB activates SOD/GST to mitigate oxidative stress. PROCB induced defense hubs (NPR1, WRKY33) mediated by salicylic acid and pathogenesis-related proteins. The study establishes a comprehensive multi-omics resource for a gene–protein–metabolite framework, elucidating the mechanisms of stress resilience of C. burmanni in South China.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 11","pages":"1647-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/11/1647/pdf?version=1761740114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiology and Behavior of Tomicus yunnanensis to Pinus yunnanensis Volatile Organic Compounds Across Infestation Stages in Southwest China","authors":"Jinlin Liu, Mengdie Zhang, Lubing Qian, Zhenji Wang, Zongbo Li","doi":"10.3390/f16071178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071178","url":null,"abstract":"Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli, a native bark beetle species and key pest of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. in southwestern China, relies on host-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for host selection. To unravel these mechanisms, we collected VOCs from P. yunnanensis trunks across four infestation stages (healthy, early-infested, weakened, near-dead) using dynamic headspace sampling. Chemical profiling via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 51 terpenoids, with α-pinene as the most abundant component. VOC profiles differed markedly between healthy and early-infested trees, while gradual shifts in compound diversity and abundance occurred from the weakened to near-dead stages. Bioactive compounds were screened using gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and a Y-tube olfactometer. Electrophysiological responses in T. yunnanensis were triggered by α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, 2-thujene, and 4-allylanisole. Behavioral tests revealed that α-pinene, 3-carene, and 2-thujene acted as attractants, whereas β-pinene and 4-allylanisole functioned as repellents. These results indicate that infestation-induced VOC dynamics guide beetle behavior, with attractants likely promoting host colonization during early infestation and repellents signaling deteriorating host suitability in later stages. By mapping these chemical interactions, our study identifies potential plant-derived semiochemicals for targeted pest management. Integrating these compounds with pheromones could enhance the monitoring and control strategies for T. yunnanensis, offering ecologically sustainable solutions for pine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 7","pages":"1178-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/7/1178/pdf?version=1752724097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematocidal Activity and Intestinal Receptor-Binding Affinity of Endogenous Lectins in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Pinewood Nematode)","authors":"Songqing Wu, Yunzhu Sun, Zibo Li, Xinquan Li, Wei Yu, Yajie Guo","doi":"10.3390/f16071177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071177","url":null,"abstract":"Pine wilt disease, a devastating disease severely impacting pine ecosystems, is caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer, 1934) Nickle, 1970 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae). Controlling B. xylophilus is crucial for preventing and managing pine wilt disease. Recently discovered novel nematocidal lectins could provide more advantageous materials for utilizing genetically engineered bacteria to control this pathogen. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying novel nematocidal toxins within B. xylophilus lectins. Overall, we obtained twenty-one galectin, one L-type lectin (LTL), and three chitin-binding domain (CBD) genes by screening the B. xylophilus genome database; these genes were successfully expressed proteins. The bioassay results indicated that Bxgalectin2, Bxgalectin3, Bxgalectin4, Bxgalectin9, and BxLTL1 induced mortality rates exceeding 50% in B. xylophilus. Notably, Bxgalectin4 showed the strongest nematocidal activity, causing 88% mortality in the treated nematode population. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays further demonstrated that Bxgalectin3 (Kd = 8.992 nM) and Bxgalectin4 (Kd = 9.634 nM) had a higher binding affinity to GPI-anchored proteins from B. xylophilus. Additionally, Bxgalectin2 (Kd = 16.50 nM), Bxgalectin9 (Kd = 16.48 nM), and BxLTL1 (Kd = 24.34 nM) can bind to the GPI-anchored protein. This study reports, for the first time, that lectins endogenous to B. xylophilus exhibit nematocidal activity against their own species. These findings open up the possibility of using nematode lectins as potent control agents in the biological control of B. xylophilus.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 7","pages":"1177-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/7/1177/pdf?version=1752676656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and RNA-seq Profiles Identified Key Pathways and Genes Involved in Gleditsioside Biosynthesis in Gleditsia sinensis Lam.","authors":"Jing Wang, Yuzhang Yang, Yan Liu, Jiahao Liu, Dandan Xiao, Hui Chen, Chun Wang, Tiantian Fu, Fuli Chang, Yanwei Wang, Dingchen Fan","doi":"10.3390/f16030393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f16030393","url":null,"abstract":"Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (G. sinensis) is a widely known medicinal plant, and its primary bioactive compound is gleditsioside. So far, the significant economic and medicinal value of gleditsioside has been widely recognized. However, the transcriptional regulation governing the biosynthesis of gleditsioside during G. sinensis pod development remains unclear. In this investigation, we observed that gleditsioside levels increased in the pods of G. sinensis from June to November, and we performed a transcriptome analysis to explore the phenomenon. A total of 703 and 162 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified in the terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. In total, 99 unigenes encoding 17 enzymes, such as ENIN, cytochrome P450 (CYP93E1), and UDP-glucosyltransferase, were identified in the gleditsioside biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, DEGs encoding crucial enzymes, such as HMGCR and AGBH, might determine gleditsioside synthesis during G. sinensis pod development. Interestingly, the gleditsioside synthesis pathway extended to ten metabolic pathways, including the sterol biosynthesis pathway and the brassinolide biosynthesis pathway, among other pathways involved in various hormonal regulations. These pathways shared the same precursor substances (IPP and DMAPP). In addition, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that CL5845.Contig1 (HMGCR) and CL8823.Contig2 (LUP4) might be involved in the gleditsioside biosynthesis. Furthermore, transient transformation validation experiments demonstrated overexpression of CL5845.Contig1 (HMGCR), CL8823.Contig2 (LUP4), and CL11248.Contig4 (CYP93E1) significantly enhanced gleditsioside biosynthesis. Overall, our findings provide important genetic resources for future functional research and new insights into the basic mechanism of saponin biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":12339,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"16 3","pages":"393-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/16/3/393/pdf?version=1740218439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}