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Proceedings of Intelec 94最新文献

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Operational characteristics of Powersafe batteries in BT power equipment racks BT电力设备机架中Powersafe电池的工作特性
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396575
A. Harrison, W. Jones
{"title":"Operational characteristics of Powersafe batteries in BT power equipment racks","authors":"A. Harrison, W. Jones","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396575","url":null,"abstract":"Arising from unexpected operating characteristics of batteries used in British Telecom (BT) power equipment racks from 1989 onwards, a new field investigation policy was developed between BT and its battery suppliers. This paper reflects the findings of the first 18 months of investigation with respect to Powersafe batteries under the \"adopt an exchange\" scheme. Initially, the main parameters for investigation were battery temperature, and battery float current, the objective being to determine if one parameter was driving the other. In order to do this, a comprehensive list of both battery and equipment characteristics were measured, and as a consequence conclusions have been made not only on the battery temperature and its float current, but on peripheral issues such as battery ventilation and battery differential temperature. A proposal is made to moderate the battery differential temperature through ventilation, and observations reflecting the performance of monitors are reviewed. A new approach is proposed to address the subject of battery monitoring which consists of the parallel operation of diagnostic and predictive techniques.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130858587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Current distribution for parallel-connected DC power sources without remote sensing 无遥感并联直流电源的电流分布
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396655
K. Siri, J. Banda
{"title":"Current distribution for parallel-connected DC power sources without remote sensing","authors":"K. Siri, J. Banda","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396655","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical proof showing that output voltage droop characteristics of parallel-connected DC-DC power converters are only appropriate for limited applications is presented. Because power converters are very seldom identical, near-uniform current-sharing without additional control can be achieved only when paralleled power converters have similar characteristics and behave like ideal current sources. This can be achieved at the expense of poor voltage regulation. As an alternative, a current-sharing control technique, which requires no remote sensing, is proposed. This technique ensures uniform or designated current distribution throughout specified load range. A control circuit module is independently implemented without any preliminary knowledge or any circuit modification of the source power converters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131101969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Assessment of lead-acid battery state of charge by monitoring float charging current 通过监测浮充电流评估铅酸蓄电池的充电状态
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396590
K. D. Floyd, Z. Noworolski, J. M. Noworolski, W. Sokolski
{"title":"Assessment of lead-acid battery state of charge by monitoring float charging current","authors":"K. D. Floyd, Z. Noworolski, J. M. Noworolski, W. Sokolski","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396590","url":null,"abstract":"In 1988, one user of flooded Pb-acid secondary batteries in a nuclear power plant began to measure float current in addition to specific gravity readings. A total of 780 cells were monitored. The results of this experience are summarized in this paper. A review of some of the electrochemistry involved is also presented. The analysis of the collected data has led to the conclusion that float current monitoring is preferred over specific gravity readings for assessing the state of charge of a Pb-acid battery. Now the problem turns to the availability of cost-effective, accurate provisions for measuring float current. The last part of this paper presents a test instrument design specifically for taking float current readings.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115183052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Powering Telstra's broadband and multimedia services 为澳洲电信的宽带和多媒体服务提供动力
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396677
J. Hawkins, I. Muirhead, B. Ramm
{"title":"Powering Telstra's broadband and multimedia services","authors":"J. Hawkins, I. Muirhead, B. Ramm","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396677","url":null,"abstract":"The authors briefly describe the evolution Telstra's broadband and multimedia networks in Australia. They then discusses the power issues. Telstra has used traditional centralised DC power systems to power exchange equipment and basic telephony services to customers. With the advent of switchmode rectifier and VRLA battery technology, distributed power architectures are preferred as they provide improved power system availability by reducing points of failure both on the DC and the AC circuits. Distributed power also offers an integrated and modular solution to the diversity of growth. These networks have also accelerated the use UPS in exchanges to power computing, media storage and video headend facilities. In particular the authors discusses the powering of a single fibre passive optical network.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124789434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Monitoring of multicell battery string with single sensing wire 用单传感线监测多芯电池组
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396624
Z. Noworolski, J. M. Noworolski
{"title":"Monitoring of multicell battery string with single sensing wire","authors":"Z. Noworolski, J. M. Noworolski","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396624","url":null,"abstract":"A battery monitoring system utilizing only a single sense wire for each string is presented. The system expands on conventional impedance measurement techniques, providing measurements of impedance, conductance, reactance, admittance and susceptance for each cell. Measurements can be performed at user specified frequencies, facilitating comparison of cell condition between different manufacturers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124811686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grounding and ground fault protection considerations specific to emergency/standby generator sets 针对应急/备用发电机组的接地和接地故障保护注意事项
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396638
L. Bey
{"title":"Grounding and ground fault protection considerations specific to emergency/standby generator sets","authors":"L. Bey","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396638","url":null,"abstract":"Careful consideration of the grounding arrangements of AC generators used in emergency and standby power systems is essential for optimum continuity of power for critical loads and for the safety of personnel. There are grounding and ground fault protection considerations that are specific to emergency/standby generators when interconnected to a commercial AC power source through transfer switch equipment or when paralleled to another power source. Specific considerations for emergency and standby systems include selection of a system grounding method for the generator, when and when not to use four-pole transfer switch equipment, requirements for indication only of a ground fault on the generator, and the use of simultaneously switched neutral or overlapping the switched neutral.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129054523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New resonant DC/DC converter with Class D type inverter with Class E switching conditions and Class E rectifier 新型谐振DC/DC变换器，采用E类开关条件的D类逆变器和E类整流器
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396596
H. Koizumi, S. Mori
{"title":"New resonant DC/DC converter with Class D type inverter with Class E switching conditions and Class E rectifier","authors":"H. Koizumi, S. Mori","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396596","url":null,"abstract":"A new resonant DC/DC converter is proposed. It consists of a Class D type inverter with Class E switching conditions and a Class E rectifier. Class E switching conditions are achieved for both the inverter and rectifier. Therefore, the efficiency of the converter is very high at switching frequencies in the megahertz range. In this paper, we give an analysis, design equations and experimental results for the proposed circuit. Experimental waveforms were in good agreement with the theory. The measured DC/DC power conversion efficiency was over 83 percent at 1 MHz, 2.3 W.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"14 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132954212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Temperature of equipment/battery cabinets in noncontrolled environment locations in Phoenix, AZ 菲尼克斯，AZ非受控环境下设备/电池柜温度
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396651
J. Godby, C. Ashton
{"title":"Temperature of equipment/battery cabinets in noncontrolled environment locations in Phoenix, AZ","authors":"J. Godby, C. Ashton","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396651","url":null,"abstract":"In the desert southwest, where summer high temperatures reach 117 to 120 degrees F in the shade, battery life and reliability is a real problem. Many outside plant equipment locations are not air conditioned and there is an abundance of Subscriber Loop Carrier (SLC) cabinets equipped with 4 strings of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. Over the years, batteries and telecommunications equipment have failed at an extremely high rate. The problem was temperature related, but there was no efficient method to examine the environment within the cabinets. In the summer of 1993, we equipped four SLC cabinets with devices to monitor the temperature inside the cabinet and the condition of the batteries. From July 1, 1993 through September 10, 1993 we obtained the high and low environmental temperature, and high and low humidity from the National Weather Service for Phoenix, and read the cell voltage, charge temperature, and float current for each system. The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature throughout the day and night of the battery enclosure as it related to outside air temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126629152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hybrid fiber/coaxial systems: powering issues 混合光纤/同轴系统:供电问题
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396667
K. Mistry, T. Taylor
{"title":"Hybrid fiber/coaxial systems: powering issues","authors":"K. Mistry, T. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396667","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid fiber/coaxial (HFC) systems can serve customers with analog and digital video and multi-media services as well as telephony. Power and backup power can be provided to loop-electronics over the coaxial conductors from single or multiple locations. Before defining the power architecture for HFC systems, the voltage and current levels and their type (AC or DC) must be established. To determine this, tradeoffs between a multitude of parameters are examined, including: safety, corrosion, code compliance, and equipment compatibility. This paper identifies candidate power node architectures that can provide HFC systems with power and backup reliably, efficiently, and in a cost effective manner. Electrical safety and shock hazards, corrosion, codes applicable in the USA, and equipment availability and compatibility, are discussed. A comparison is made of various power node architectures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Advanced telecommunications air conditioning systems in the multimedia era 多媒体时代先进的电信空调系统
Proceedings of Intelec 94 Pub Date : 1994-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396675
K. Oshima, M. Nakao, T. Yamashita, K. Yotsumoto
{"title":"Advanced telecommunications air conditioning systems in the multimedia era","authors":"K. Oshima, M. Nakao, T. Yamashita, K. Yotsumoto","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396675","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a highly efficient and highly reliable air conditioning system suitable for use in telecommunications and information processing equipment rooms, a power supply system for this air conditioning system, and an air conditioning system for improving office amenity. The air conditioning system for telecommunications and information processing equipment rooms can be used in rooms with a high heat density (a mean density of 1 kW/m/sup 2/) for natural-convection cooled equipment. A new control method enables the air conditioner to operate economically when the outdoor air temperatures are low. The inverter back-up system is shown to be the most suitable power source for a highly reliable air conditioning system. The air conditioning system for offices with multimedia equipment uses a raised floor to provide a supply and return air space and wiring space. The air flows, very slowly, from floor to ceiling in winter and from ceiling to floor in summer, thus keeping office workers comfortable.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129754816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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