{"title":"Dynamic analysis of parallel-module converter system with current balance controllers","authors":"T. Kohama, T. Ninomiya, M. Shoyama, F. Ihara","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396656","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic response and stability analyses of a parallel-module power converter system with current balance controllers are described. The state-space averaging method is used to obtain a small-signal model for the dynamic analysis. The root locus method is used to discuss the stability of the parallel system. As a result, instability of the parallel system is observed in the system composed of modules with different circuit parameters. Influence of module parameters on the stability of the parallel system is discussed. Analytical results are confirmed experimentally for a two-paralleled forward power converter system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114853401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standardizing energy management by using simple network management protocol","authors":"L. Almqvist, R. Wikstrom","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396599","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution within the area of management of telecommunications networks has developed rapidly. Management functions and interfaces have been standardized by standardization bodies. However, most of that work has been towards management of the transmission and switching network element. The development of energy network elements does still lack when it concerns functions and interfaces. It is costly to implement Q3 interfaces and adapters for the energy equipment mostly due to the complex hierarchy of the CMIP protocol stack. As the telecommunication network and computer networks tend to grow together a \"new\" interface has been discovered, the SNMP interface. This paper deals with the functional and implementation aspects of using the SNMP interface for management of energy networks. The details in this paper cover: the system architecture of an SNMP based energy management system; management functions by using SNMP interfaces; the modelling of a management information base for an energy network; and SNMP versus CMIP.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"105 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115159968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small size and low weight DC/DC converter with no magnetic elements","authors":"O. Mak, A. Ioinovici","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396594","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of DC power supply containing no inductors or transformers is presented. The DC-to-DC boost power converter contains only switches and capacitors. The switching-capacitor circuit is used for controlling the DC energy transfer from an unregulated input voltage to a regulated output. The output voltage is kept constant despite large variation in the input voltage or load. The power converter operates at a constant switching frequency, the regulation being of PWM type. The operation of the main switches in the energy flow path is dictated by the output of a PWM chip. The absence of magnetic elements in the power converter structure guarantees an overall small size, low weight and high power density. The design of the circuit parameters (capacitor values and switching frequency) assures minimum losses of energy at the switching moments. The transient currents have nondangerous peaks; consequently, no overrating of the transistors is necessary, assuring small conduction losses. As a result, the new power converter presents high efficiency. Experimental results, obtained on a prototype built according to the exposed design procedure, are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125121461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of switch mode power supply harmonic currents on building power systems and stand-by engine alternators","authors":"R. Plow","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396580","url":null,"abstract":"Power supplies drawing high peak currents are very common in today's buildings. These high peak currents contain the odd harmonics, and of special interest are the triplen harmonics-3, 9, 15, etc. Small power supplies are commonly connected from phase to neutral of the typical building power system. Engineers commonly distribute the loads among the phases to balance the building loads. However, they often over-look the effects of the third order harmonics on neutral current, expecting the phase currents to partially cancel in the neutral. The third order harmonics add and can lead to very high neutral currents. The high currents may cause excessive heating in the neutral conductor. In addition the high peak currents can have an adverse effect on the output wave shape of stand-by engine alternators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Torigoe, K. Matsumoto, K. Maki, T. Tanaka, T. Babasaki
{"title":"Development of a valve-regulated lead acid battery that decrease float current to prevent thermal runaway","authors":"S. Torigoe, K. Matsumoto, K. Maki, T. Tanaka, T. Babasaki","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396669","url":null,"abstract":"Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are used to supply power during commercial power failures or rectifier malfunctions. Use of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, however, often leads to thermal runaway resulting from high ambient temperatures or high float voltage. Thermal runaway then causes destruction of the batteries and resultant service outages. Many attempts have been made to regulate rectifier voltage by varying temperature and controlling float voltage. NTT has developed a new longer-life valve-regulated lead-acid battery whereby float current is decreased, thus preventing thermal runaway.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126998888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations for a reliable telecommunication power system at remote facilities utilizing valve regulated lead-acid battery management system technologies","authors":"F.J. Suiter, T. M. Cortes","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396628","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the needs and process for the selection of a valve regulated Pb-acid (VRLA) battery management system. Telecommunications is moving out of the central office into remote facilities and the need for a reliable VRLA reserve power system is becoming more critical. The following issues must be taken into consideration: the chemistry and design of the battery; number of unattended sites; operating environment; diversified facilities; work force adjustments; limited maintenance support; economic pressures; and management of the battery system. These issues must be addressed in order to ensure a continued reliable reserve power source with uninterrupted service to the customer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116104274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A total battery monitoring program for the telecommunications industry","authors":"D.R. Modisette","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396626","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable information has been provided on valve-regulated Pb-acid (VRLA) batteries concerning battery and ambient temperatures, float voltage for cells and strings, float current, and battery capacity. Often these characteristics have been considered separately or in incomplete sets. Telecommunications personnel using the Pb-acid battery in the field do not have a comprehensive, single source for reference. A source is needed that provides guidelines for selecting the various points of operation with a brief explanation for each. This paper meets this need by describing a program for total battery monitoring, management, record keeping, and maintenance. Monitored characteristics and selected ranges are justified by reference to published information. This program utilizes existing information to provide optimal battery life, battery capacity, remaining operating time both at present load and at maximum load, energy efficiency, and warranty records with less personnel. This program also locates deficient cells or blocks and provides records to indicate conditions that lead to the failure and to provide support of a warrantee claim. A reduction in personnel is possible, since sites only require attention when a problem is indicated and the proper equipment to correct the problem can be obtained before the site visit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121422218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asynchronized synchronous machines in self-contained power systems","authors":"A. Hayrapetian, G. A. Poghpatian","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396582","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing role of self-contained power generation and the steady rise of its share in total balance of produced electric power necessitate development and improvement of highly efficient systems of electric power supply and its quality and reliability. In this connection asynchronized synchronous machines (ASM) have high prospects for use instead of traditional synchronous machines in diesel-generator sets (DGS), motor-generators, \"variable speed-constant frequency\" systems, and particularly in wind power plants. The paper describes structural-and-design specific features of ASM: incorporated in DGS, which allow improvement to some technical-and-economic indices related to fuel and oil consumption, increase of DGS service life and improvement of transient performance. A general block diagram of asynchronized synchronous machine operating in generator mode (ASG) is given, as well as the basic requirements to ASG excitation system are determined and static frequency converters included in excitation circuits are compared and briefly analyzed. A number of periodical nonsinusoidal curve shape quality indices are discussed in parallel with the analysis of methods for improvement of ASG building structure with an artificially-commutated direct frequency converter as well as new unique structural-and-technical solutions possessing broadened functional capacities and improved voltage curve shapes are given. ASG output voltage curve and its sine-distortion and harmonic rejection factors are described mathematically.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"24 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113963631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precise power plant reduces battery size and harmonic feedback at telecommunication sites","authors":"R. Morash, J. Roesel, R.J. Barber","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396579","url":null,"abstract":"\"Written-Pole\" technology has been patented and developed for electric motors and generators that advances the state-of-the-art for electrical energy storage systems. Very effective and efficient use is made of the inherent flywheel energy stored in the rotor of a unique motor-generator set. The machine is not only the ultimate on-line power conditioner, but is also an electro-mechanical battery that delivers useful precise frequency AC power and DC power for extended time during utility power sags, surges and blinkouts. Then when power interruptions extend into blackouts (after 15 or more seconds), the precise power plant engages, and using flywheel energy, starts an integral gas or diesel engine, or it may alternatively tie into the station's existing engine generator for a no-break transfer. The written-pole motor is synchronous and reflects a unity power factor, sine wave load to the utility, while the generator mitigates all the harmonic loads imposed by the switching power supplies and other devices in the telecommunication site. This paper discusses the written-pole technology, shows an operational design with specification and test results, applications in telecommunication sites, as well as other commercial and industrial areas.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126405848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impedance testing-is it a substitute for capacity tests?","authors":"G. Albér, M. W. Migliaro","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1994.396648","url":null,"abstract":"Capacity tests are used to reliably determine lead acid battery capacity. The results of the capacity tests are then used to evaluate whether the battery can continue in service or needs to be replaced. Unfortunately, many batteries do not receive regular capacity tests. This occurs because of perceptions that: the test is difficult to perform; takes too much time; the battery is too important to be removed from service for a test; is too costly, and so forth. Few consider the consequences of a failure that causes the loss of a facility where down time lost revenue is measured in millions of $US per day or even millions of $US per minute. The measurement of battery impedance (or conductance, or internal resistance) has come into vogue. At this point in time, many in the industry have agreed that these tests are useful in detecting problem cells. However efforts are also underway to convince battery users that these tests can replace capacity tests. This paper reviews the internal battery impedance components and shows that internal resistance rather than impedance is the parameter that is important to measure. It also discusses the change in battery impedance as the cell ages. The paper describes how the measurements are made and provides an analysis of the impedance measurements. This analysis includes a discussion of published results of impedance testing to date. Finally, a comparison is made between capacity and impedance tests.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":123164,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Intelec 94","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125742765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}