Lakshmi Mounika Kelam, Vaishnavi Chhabra, Sarika Dhiman, Deevena Kumari, M Elizabeth Sobhia
{"title":"Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors: a patent review and update (2012-2023).","authors":"Lakshmi Mounika Kelam, Vaishnavi Chhabra, Sarika Dhiman, Deevena Kumari, M Elizabeth Sobhia","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2362203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2024.2362203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), essential and evolutionarily highly conserved enzymes, govern cellular functions by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation, a pivotal post-translational modification for signal transduction. The recent strides in phosphatase drug discovery, leading to the identification of selective modulators for enzymes, restoring interest in the therapeutic targeting of protein phosphatases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The compilation of patents up to the year 2023 focuses on the efficacy of various classes of Tyrosine phosphatases and their inhibitors, detailing their chemical structure and biochemical characteristics. These findings have broad implications, as they can be applied to treating diverse conditions like cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. The search for scientific articles and patent literature was conducted using well known different platforms to gather information up to 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The latest improvements in protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) research include the discovery of new inhibitors targeting specific PTP enzymes, with a focus on developing allosteric site covalent inhibitors for enhanced efficacy and specificity. These advancements have not only opened up new possibilities for therapeutic interventions in various disease conditions but also hold the potential for innovative treatments. PTPs offer promising avenues for drug discovery efforts and innovative treatments across a spectrum of health conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":"34 4","pages":"187-209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thabo Brighton Makgoba, Erika Kapp, Samuel Egieyeh, Jacques Joubert
{"title":"HDAC3 inhibitors: a patent review of their broad-spectrum applications as therapeutic agents.","authors":"Thabo Brighton Makgoba, Erika Kapp, Samuel Egieyeh, Jacques Joubert","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2363890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2363890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of zinc-dependent enzymes. They maintain acetylation homeostasis, with numerous biological functions and are associated with many diseases. HDAC3 strictly requires multi-subunit complex formation for activity. It is associated with the progression of numerous non-communicable diseases. Its widespread involvement in diseases makes it an epigenetic drug target. Preexisting HDAC3 inhibitors have many uses, highlighting the need for continued research in the discovery of HDAC3-selective inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review provides an overview of 24 patents published from 2010 to 2023, focusing on compounds that inhibit the HDAC3 isoenzyme.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>HDAC3-selective inhibitors - pivotal for pharmacological applications, as single or combination therapies - are gaining traction as a strategy to move away from complications laden pan-HDAC inhibitors. Moreover, there is an unmet need for HDAC3 inhibitors with alternative zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) because some preexisting ZBGs have limitations related to toxicity and side effects. Difficulties in achieving HDAC3 selectivity may be due to isoform selectivity. However, advancements in computer-aided drug design and experimental data of HDAC3 3D co-crystallized models could lead to the discovery of novel HDAC3-selective inhibitors, which bear alternative ZBGs with balanced selectivity for HDAC3 and potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"273-295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbonic anhydrase and bacterial metabolism: a chance for antibacterial drug discovery","authors":"Clemente Capasso, Claudiu T. Supuran","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2332663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2024.2332663","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) play a pivotal role in the regulation of carbon dioxide , bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions within bacterial cells, ensuring pH homeostasis and facilitating energ...","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successes and challenges in the development of BD1-selective BET inhibitors: a patent review","authors":"Monica Viviano, Alessandra Cipriano, Emanuele Fabbrizi, Alessandra Feoli, Sabrina Castellano, Gianluca Sbardella, Antonello Mai, Ciro Milite, Dante Rotili","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2024.2327300","url":null,"abstract":"Bromodomain and ExtraTerminal (BET) domain proteins are transcriptional cofactors that, recognizing acetylated lysines of histone and non-histone proteins, can modulate gene expression. BET family ...","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dima A Sabbah, Rima Hajjo, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong
{"title":"Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023).","authors":"Dima A Sabbah, Rima Hajjo, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"141-158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A patent review on HMGB1 inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases.","authors":"Richa Raj, Pingping Shen, Boyang Yu, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords 'HMGB1,' 'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,' 'liver disease' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinions: </strong>In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rima Hajjo, Dima A Sabbah, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong
{"title":"Targeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023).","authors":"Rima Hajjo, Dima A Sabbah, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent years have seen significant strides in drug developmenttargeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway which is critical forcell growth and proliferation. Protein-protein interaction networksamong EGFR, RAS, and RAF proteins offer insights for drug discovery. This review discusses the drug design and development efforts ofinhibitors targeting these proteins over the past 3 years, detailingtheir structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy.Strategies to combat drug resistance and minimize toxicities areexplored, along with future research directions.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review encompasses clinical trials and patents on EGFR, KRAS,and BRAF inhibitors from 2020 to 2023, including advancements indesign and synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) forprotein degradation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>To tackle drug resistance, designing allosteric fourth-generationEGFR inhibitors is vital. Covalent, allosteric, or combinationaltherapies, along with PROTAC degraders, are key methods to addressresistance and toxicity in KRAS and BRAF inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara De Filippis, Arianna Granese, Alessandra Ammazzalorso
{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonists and antagonists: an updated patent review (2020-2023).","authors":"Barbara De Filippis, Arianna Granese, Alessandra Ammazzalorso","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The search for novel compounds targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) is currently ongoing, starting from the previous successfully identification of selective, dual or pan agonists. In last years, researchers' efforts are mainly paid to the discovery of PPARγ and δ modulators, both agonists and antagonists, selective or with a dual-multitarget profile. Some of these compounds are currently under clinical trials for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic, and renal diseases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A critical analysis of patents deposited in the range 2020-2023 was carried out. The novel compounds discovered were classified as selective PPAR modulators, dual and multitarget PPAR agonists. The use of PPAR ligands in combination with other drugs was also discussed, together with novel therapeutic indications proposed for them.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>From the analysis of the patent literature, the current emerging landscape sees the necessity to obtain PPAR multitarget compounds, with a balanced potency on three subtypes and the ability to modulate different targets. This multitarget action holds great promise as a novel approach to complex disorders, as metabolic, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. The utility of PPAR ligands in the immunotherapy field also opens an innovative scenario, that could deserve further applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"83-98"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfeng Liu, Huangliang Shu, Qinxin Xia, Qidong You, Lei Wang
{"title":"Recent developments of HSP90 inhibitors: an updated patent review (2020-present).","authors":"Jianfeng Liu, Huangliang Shu, Qinxin Xia, Qidong You, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) functions as a molecular chaperone, it assumes a significant role in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and infection. Therefore, the research and development of HSP90 inhibitors have garnered considerable attention.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The primary references source for this review is patents obtained from SciFinder, encompassing patents on HSP90 inhibitors from the period of 2020 to 2023.This review includes a thorough analysis of their structural attributes, pharmacological properties, and potential clinical utilities.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In the past few years, HSP90 inhibitors targeting ATP binding pocket are still predominate and one of them has been launched, besides, novel drug design strategies like C-terminal targeting, isoform selective inhibiting and bifunctional molecules are booming, aiming to improve the efficacy and safety. With expanded drug types and applications, HSP90 inhibitors may gradually becoming a sagacious option for treating various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic cysteine protease inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present).","authors":"Giulia Barchielli, Antonella Capperucci, Damiano Tanini","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cysteine proteases are involved in a broad range of biological functions, ranging from extracellular matrix turnover to immunity. Playing an important role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, immune-related and neurodegenerative disease, viral and parasitic infections, cysteine proteases represent an attractive drug target for the development of therapeutic tools.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Recent scientific and patent literature focusing on the design and study of cysteine protease inhibitors with potential therapeutic application has been reviewed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The discovery of a number of effective structurally diverse cysteine protease inhibitors opened up new challenges and opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools. Mechanistic studies and the availability of X-ray crystal structures of some proteases, alone and in complex with inhibitors, provide crucial information for the rational design and development of efficient and selective cysteine protease inhibitors as preclinical candidates for the treatment of different diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"17-49"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}