{"title":"Coumarin derivatives as therapeutic candidates: a review of their updated patents (2017-present).","authors":"Kalfagianni Malamati-Konstantina, Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2419827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2024.2419827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coumarins constitute a family of heterocyclic compounds that have been extensively studied as possible drugs in the pharmaceutical research to support human health.</p><p><strong>Areas covered in this review: </strong>A survey of patent publications from 2017 to mid-2024, taken from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, or PubMed analyzes coumarins and their derivatives. It covers synthetic methods, hybridization techniques, and assessments of their biological effects in laboratory and biological studies, such as cytotoxic, antitumor, anticancer, cardiovascular, anti-atheromatic, antidiabetic, anti-asthmatic and antioxidant properties. Additionally, it presents and discusses several pharmaceutical applications for treatment and compositions involving these compounds. Structural activity relationships and mechanism of action are presented and discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The authors suggest that (i) numerous areas of biology-pharmacology need to be considered: selectivity, <i>in vivo</i> studies, toxicity, bioavailability and drug-likeness, the mechanism of action in animals and humans, evaluation of more efficient and selective biological tests; (ii) synthetic technique outbalance in the discovery and production of coumarins with greater selectivity. Their clinical evaluation will be critical to assess therapeutic utility. The coumarins, for which extended biological investigations confirmed their mechanism of action, can serve as lead or hit structures for the design of new libraries with more potent molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An updated patent review of SOS1 inhibitors (2022-present).","authors":"Guizhen Zhou, Chuan Zhou, Xinyi Ma, Jiahang Xu, Zehui Zhou, Tianfeng Xu, Mingyue Zheng, Sulin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2419825","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2419825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>SOS1 is a crucial guanine nucleotide exchange factor for KRAS. It facilitates the transition of KRAS from inactive GDP-bound state to active GTP-bound state. The activation of KRAS triggers downstream signaling pathways, promoting tumor initiation and progression. Inhibiting SOS1 to prevent KRAS activation is an effective strategy for treating tumors driven by KRAS.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review identified patents claiming to be SOS1 inhibitors or SOS1-KRAS interaction modulators published between January 2022 and June 2024 using Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence. A total of 15 patent applications from 5 different applicants were assessed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinions: </strong>In KRAS-driven tumors, inhibiting SOS1 significantly affect cell proliferation and migration by modulating the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Since 2022, numerous patents for SOS1 inhibitors have been published. The majority of SOS1 inhibitors are currently in the preclinical phase of development, with only a few progressing to clinical trials. However, these inhibitors face significant challenges in clinical studies, including limited efficacy of monotherapies, safety concerns, and the necessity to enhance PK properties. Despite their excellent in vitro performance, SOS1 inhibitors must address issues related to safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An update patent review of MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitors (2019-2023).","authors":"Aleksandra Twarda-Clapa","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2419836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2024.2419836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The activity of the major tumor suppressor protein p53 is disrupted in nearly all human cancer types, either by mutations in TP53 gene or by overexpression of its negative regulator, Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2). The release of p53 from MDM2 and its homolog MDM4 with inhibitors based on different chemistries opened up a prospect for a broad, non-genotoxic anticancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article reviews the patents and patent applications between years 2019 and 2023 in the field of MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitors. The newly reported molecules searched in Espacenet, Google Patents and Pubmed were grouped into five general categories: compounds having single-ring, multi-ring or spiro-oxindole scaffolds, peptide derivatives and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). The article also presents the progress of MDM2 antagonists of various structures in recruiting or completed cancer clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Despite twenty years of intensive studies after the discovery of the first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor, Nutlin-3, no drugs targeting MDM2-p53 interaction have reached the market. Nevertheless, more than ten compounds are still evaluated in clinics, both as standalone drugs and in combinations with other targeted therapies or standard chemotherapy agents, including two inhibitors in phase 3 studies and two compounds granted orphan-drug/fast-track designation by the FDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on JNK inhibitor patents: 2015 to present.","authors":"Guotai Feng, Xiao Yang, Wen Shuai, Guan Wang, Liang Ouyang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulates various biological processes through the phosphorylation cascade and is closely associated with numerous diseases, including inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Therefore, JNKs have emerged as potential targets for disease treatment.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review compiles the patents and literatures concerning JNK inhibitors through retrieving relevant information from the SciFinder, Google Patents databases, and PubMed from 2015 to the present. It summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity profiles of JNK inhibitors, offering valuable perspectives on their potential therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The JNK kinase serves as a novel target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, pulmonary fibrosis, and other illnesses. A variety of small-molecule inhibitors targeting JNKs have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in preclinical studies, which act upon JNK kinases via distinct mechanisms, encompassing traditional ATP competitive inhibition, covalent inhibition, and bidentate inhibition. Among them, several JNK inhibitors from PregLem SA, Celegene SA, and Xigen SA have accomplished the early stage of clinical trials, and their results will guide the development and indications of future JNK inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"907-927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A patent review of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitors (2013-present).","authors":"Suvankar Banerjee, Balaram Ghosh, Tarun Jha, Nilanjan Adhikari","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2391289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2391289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The processes and course of several fatal illnesses, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological disorders are closely correlated with HDAC8. Therefore, novel HDAC8 inhibitors represent effective therapeutic possibilities that may help treat these conditions. To yet, there are not any such particular HDAC8 inhibitors available for sale. This review was conducted to examine recent HDAC8 inhibitors that have been patented over the last 10 years.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on HDAC8 inhibitor-related patents and their therapeutic applications that have been published within the last 10 years and are accessible through the Patentscope and Google Patents databases.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A handful of HDAC8 inhibitor-related patents have been submitted over the previous 10 years, more selective, and specific HDAC8 inhibitors that are intended to treat a variety of medical diseases. This could lead to the development of novel treatment approaches that target HDAC8. Employing theoretical frameworks and experimental procedures can reveal the creation of new HDAC8 inhibitors with enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics. A thorough understanding of the role that HDAC8 inhibitors play in cancer, including the mechanisms behind HDAC8 in other disorders is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"1019-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankur Kumar Tanwar, Neha Sengar, Nobuyuki Mase, Inder Pal Singh
{"title":"Tetrahydroisoquinolines - an updated patent review for cancer treatment (2016 - present).","authors":"Ankur Kumar Tanwar, Neha Sengar, Nobuyuki Mase, Inder Pal Singh","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2391288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2391288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer is a prominent cause of death globally, triggered by both non-genetic and genetic alterations in genes influenced by various environmental factors. The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), specifically 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline serves as fundamental element in various alkaloids, prevalent in proximity to quinoline and indole alkaloids.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>In this review, the therapeutic applications of THIQ derivatives as an anticancer agent from 2016 to 2024 have been examined. The patents were gathered through comprehensive searches of the Espacenet, Google patent, WIPO, and Sci Finder databases. The therapeutic areas encompassed in the patents include numerous targets of cancer.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>THIQ analogues play a crucial role in medicinal chemistry, with many being integral to pharmacological processes and clinical trials. Numerous THIQ compounds have been synthesized for therapeutic purposes, notably in cancer treatment. They show great promise for developing anticancer drugs, demonstrating strong affinity and efficacy against various cancer targets. The creation of multi-target ligands is a compelling avenue for THIQ-based anticancer drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"873-906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Felix Scholtes, Cristobal Alhambra, Philip A Carpino
{"title":"Trends in covalent drug discovery: a 2020-23 patent landscape analysis focused on select covalent reacting groups (CRGs) found in FDA-approved drugs.","authors":"Jan Felix Scholtes, Cristobal Alhambra, Philip A Carpino","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400175","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Covalent drugs contain electrophilic groups that can react with nucleophilic amino acids located in the active sites of proteins, particularly enzymes. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using covalent drugs to target non-catalytic amino acids in proteins to modulate difficult targets (i.e. targeted covalent inhibitors). Covalent compounds contain a wide variety of covalent reacting groups (CRGs), but only a few of these CRGs are present in FDA-approved covalent drugs.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes a 2020-23 patent landscape analysis that examined trends in the field of covalent drug discovery around targets and organizations. The analysis focused on patent applications that were submitted to the World International Patent Organization and selected using a combination of keywords and structural searches based on CRGs present in FDA-approved drugs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A total of 707 patent applications from >300 organizations were identified, disclosing compounds that acted at 71 targets. Patent application counts for five targets accounted for ~63% of the total counts (i.e. BTK, EGFR, FGFR, KRAS, and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro). The organization with the largest number of patent counts was an academic institution (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute). For one target, KRAS G12C, the discovery of new drugs was highly competitive (>100 organizations, 186 patent applications).</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"843-861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevki Adem, Azhar Rasul, Saba Riaz, Ayesha Sadiqa, Matloob Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nazir, Mudassir Hassan
{"title":"Pyruvate kinase modulators as a therapy target: an updated patent review 2018-2023.","authors":"Sevki Adem, Azhar Rasul, Saba Riaz, Ayesha Sadiqa, Matloob Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid Nazir, Mudassir Hassan","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2403616","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2403616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer cells adopt a glycolytic phenotype to fulfill their energy needs in unfavorable conditions. In metabolic rewiring, cancer cells upregulate the expression of glycolytic pathway regulators including glucose transporter 1, hexokinase 2, and PKM2 (pyruvate kinase) into its M2 splice form. Among these regulators, PKM2 plays a major role in metabolic reprogramming and is overexpressed in various diseases, including cancer. Dimerization of PKM2 causes the generation of synthetic precursors from glycolytic intermediates, which are essential for cellular growth and cancer cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Covered areas: </strong>This article is focused on examining recent patents (2018-2023) on PKM2 activators, inhibitors and their biological and synthesis properties by using the advanced search service of the European Patent Office (EPO). Moreover, other databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier were also examined for scientific data. On basis of their chemical structures, PKM2 activators and inhibitors are classified into pyrazole, pyrolidine-pyrazole, phenol, benzoxazine, isoselenazolo-pyridinium, phthalazine, and propiolylamide derivatives.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Activating PKM2 reduces proliferation and development of cells by reducing the quantity of biomolecules needed for cell formation. PKM2 activators and inhibitors are highly effective in treating many cancer pathogens. It is important to find new, more potent and selective molecules for PKM2 activation and inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"953-962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zonghui Ma, Cun Zhang, Andrew A Bolinger, Jia Zhou
{"title":"An updated patent review of BRD4 degraders.","authors":"Zonghui Ma, Cun Zhang, Andrew A Bolinger, Jia Zhou","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400166","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2400166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an important epigenetic reader, is closely associated with the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, including various cancers, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Targeting BRD4 inhibition or protein elimination with small molecules represents a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly for cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The recent advances of patented BRD4 degraders were summarized. The challenges, opportunities, and future directions for developing novel potent and selective BRD4 degraders are also discussed. The patents of BRD4 degraders were searched using the SciFinder and Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>BRD4 degraders exhibit superior efficacy and selectivity to BRD4 inhibitors, given their unique mechanism of protein degradation instead of protein inhibition. Excitingly, RNK05047 is now in phase I/II clinical trials, indicating that selective BRD4 protein degradation may offer a viable therapeutic strategy, particularly for cancer. Targeting BRD4 with small-molecule degraders provides a promising approach with the potential to overcome therapeutic resistance for treating various BRD4-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"929-951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caspase inhibitors: a review on recently patented compounds (2016-2023).","authors":"Shivani Kasana, Shivam Kumar, Preeti Patel, Balak Das Kurmi, Shweta Jain, Sanjeev Sahu, Ankur Vaidya","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2397732","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2397732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Caspases are a family of protease enzymes that play a crucial role in apoptosis. Dysregulation of caspase activity has been implicated in various pathological conditions, making caspases an important focus of research in understanding cell death mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with abnormal apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>It is a comprehensive review of caspase inhibitors that have been comprising recently granted patents from 2016 to 2023. It includes peptide and non-peptide caspase inhibitors with their application for different diseases.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This review categorizes and analyses recently patented caspase inhibitors on various diseases. Diseases linked to caspase dysregulation, including neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions, are highlighted to accentuate the therapeutic relevance of the patented caspase inhibitors. This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical developers seeking an up-to-date understanding of recently patented caspase inhibitors. The integration of recent patented compounds, structural insights, and mechanistic details provides a holistic view of the progress in caspase inhibitor research and its potential impact on addressing various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}