Food Additives & Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Potential ochratoxin A producers from wine grapes in Argentina and Brazil","authors":"C. Rosa, V. Palacios, M. Combina, Marcelo Elias Fraga, A. D. O. Rekson, C. Magnoli, A. Dalcero","doi":"10.1080/02652030110092748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110092748","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to identify the normal mycoflora in wine grapes from Argentina and Brazil. We collected 50 grapes samples from Malbec and Chardonnay varieties in each country during the 1997–98 harvest. Yeasts were a major component of the fungal population, and the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi isolated were: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Botrytis. Other genera identified (in decreasing order) were: Phythophthora, Moniliella, Alternaria and Cladosporium. From grapes, the mean frequency of filamentous fungi ranged from 1.3 × 104 to 5.4 × 106 CFUg-1. We isolated 48 Aspergillus niger strains from Argentinian grape, of which eight could produce ochratoxin A. Sixteen of 53 A. niger strains from Brazilian grapes produced ochratoxin A. The results indicate that similar mycobiota were isolated from Argentinian and Brazilian wine grapes and there could be ochratoxin A production in this substrate.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"140 1","pages":"408 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77611119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of recycled fibre-based paper for food contact","authors":"M. Binderup, G. A. Pedersen, A. Vinggaard, E. Rasmussen, H. Rosenquist, T. Cederberg","doi":"10.1080/02652030110089878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110089878","url":null,"abstract":"Food-contact materials, including paper, have to comply with a basic set of criteria concerning safety. This means that paper for food contact should not give rise to migration of components, which can endanger human health. The objectives of this pilot study were, first, to compare paper of different qualities as food-contact materials and to perform a preliminary evaluation of their suitability, from a safety point of view, and, second, to evaluate the use of different in vitro toxicity tests for screening of paper and board. Paper produced from three different categories of recycled fibres (B-D) and a raw material produced from virgin fibres (A) were obtained from industry, and extracts were examined by chemical analyses and diverse in vitro toxicity test systems. The products tested were either based on different raw materials or different treatments were applied. Paper category B was made from 40% virgin fibres, 40% unprinted cuttings from newspapers, and 20% de-inked newspapers and magazines. Paper categories C and D were based on newspapers and magazines. However, paper D was de-inked, whereas C was not. To identify constituents of the papers with a potential to migrate into foodstuff, samples of the paper products were extracted with either 99% ethanol or water. Potential migrants in the extracts were identified and semiquantified by GC-IR-MS or GC-HRMS. In parallel to the chemical analyses, a battery of four different in vitro toxicity tests with different endpoints were applied to the same extracts: (1) a cytotoxicity test using normal human skin fibroblasts. The test was based on measurements of the reduction of resazurin to resorufin by cellular redox processes and used as a screening test for acute or general toxicity; (2) a Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) as a screening test for mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic compounds; (3) a recombinant yeast cell bioassay as a screening test for compounds with oestrogenic activity; (4) an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor assay (CALUX assay) as a screening test for compounds with dioxin-like activity. In addition, the papers were tested for microbial content and, in general, the microbiological load was quite low. The following microorganisms were counted and identified on both surface and homogenized pulp samples: the total number of aerobic bacteria, the number of aerobic and anaerobic spore formers, the number of Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis, and the number of yeast and moulds. The chemical analyses showed a significantly higher amount and different composition pattern of chemicals extracted with ethanol compared with water. Analyses of the ethanol extracts showed a distinctly smaller number and lower concentrations of chemicals in extracts prepared from sample A compared with extracts of samples B-D. The compounds identified in B-D were similar, but the amounts were lower in B compared with C and D. In accordance with the chemical analyses, the water extracts were less cytotoxic t","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"95 1","pages":"13 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74497856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of microbial contamination of plastic cups for dairy products and utilization of electron beam treatment for sterilization","authors":"M. Tacker, C. Hametner, B. Wepner","doi":"10.1080/02652030110070049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110070049","url":null,"abstract":"Packaging materials are often considered a critical control point in HACCP systems of food companies. Methods for the determination of the microbial contamination rate of plastic cups, especially for dairy products, must reliably detect single moulds, yeasts or coliforms. In this study, a comparison of a specially adapted coating method, impedance method, direct inoculation and membrane filter technique was carried out to determine contamination with yeasts, moulds, coliforms and total bacterial counts using the appropriate agar in each case. The coating method is recommended for determining yeasts, moulds and coliforms as it allows the localization of the microorganisms as well as the determination of single microorganisms. For total bacterial count, a direct inoculation technique is proposed. The employing of simple measures in the production and during transport of packaging materials, such as dust-prevention or tight sealing in polyethylene bags, heavily reduces microbial contamination rates of packaging material. To reduce contamination rates further, electron beam irradiation was applied: plastic cups sealed in polyethylene bags were treated with 4-5 kGy, a dose that already leads to sterile polystyrene and polypropylene cups without influencing mechanical characteristics of the packaging material.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"11 7 1","pages":"178 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79578433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of patulin in the presence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Moss Mo, M. T. Long","doi":"10.1080/02652030110091163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110091163","url":null,"abstract":"Patulin is known to become analytically non-detectable during the production of cider from contaminated apple juice. The fate of [14C]-labelled patulin during the alcoholic fermentation of apple juice was studied. Three commercial cider strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae degraded patulin during active fermentative growth, but not when growing aerobically. The products of patulin degradation were more polar than patulin itself and remained in the clarified fermented cider. Patulin did not appear to bind to yeast cells or apple juice sediment in these model experiments. HPLC analysis of patulin-spiked fermentations showed the appearance of two major metabolites, one of which corresponded by both TLC and HPLC to E-ascladiol prepared by the chemical reduction of patulin using sodium borohydride. Using a diode array detector, both metabolites had a ⋋max = 271nm, identical to that of ascladiol. Thenmr spectrum of a crude preparation of these metabolites showed signals corresponding to those of the E-ascladiol prepared chemically and a weaker set of signals corresponding to those reported in the literature for Z-ascladiol.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"21 1","pages":"387 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77593762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of on-line solutions in support of the dissemination of legislative and analytical information on food-contact materials","authors":"C. imoneau, L. Rossi","doi":"10.1080/02652030110072065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110072065","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate access to European Commission (EC) documentation and provide a public service resource of relevant information an Internet site dedicated to food-contact materials was created (http://cpf.jrc.it/ webpack/) in 1998. The site contains legislative information in downloadable format, information on contacts for authorities and organizations in the field of food-contact materials, as well as information on methods for overall and specific migration. A satellite site (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) is dedicated to physicochemical and spectral information (FT-IR, GC-MS, NMR) as well as analytical methods on an increasing number of regulated substances. Many of these, as well as substances submitted for evaluation, are held in a centralized databank at the JRC in Ispra and aliquots can be made available to the public upon request. The site also recently expanded to provide an incentive for analytical networking between institutions by including information pages on current EC-funded and national projects and conference announcements.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"17 8","pages":"201 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72596340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulphonamide residues in eggs following drug administration via the drinking water","authors":"B. Roudaut, M. Garnier","doi":"10.1080/02652030110102836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110102836","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to determine concentrations of sulphadimidine (SDM) and sulphadimethoxine (SDT) in eggs following oral administration through drinking water for 5 days (0.5g-1 for SDT, 1 and 2gl-1 for SDM). Residues of sulphonamides in albumen and yolk were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The limit of quantification was 0.005 µg g-1 for the two egg components. The results indicate that 0.9–1.4% of the dose administered was deposited in eggs. Maximum concentrations in albumen were much higher than those in yolk. More than 75% of the overall sulphonamides detected in eggs was concentrated in the albumen. The residue levels declined below the limit of quantification within 12–20 days for albumen and 14–15 days for yolk after treatment was discontinued.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"185 1","pages":"373 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76419938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple method for the selection of the appropriate food simulant for the evaluation of a specific food/packaging interaction","authors":"P. Hernández-Muñoz, R. Catalá, R. Gavara","doi":"10.1080/02652030110069726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110069726","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the extent of food/packaging interactions is essential to provide assurance of food quality and shelf life, especially in migration and sorption processes that commonly reach equilibrium during the lifetime of a commercial packaged foodstuff. The limits of sorption and migration must be measured in the presence of the specific food or an appropriate food simulant. The partition equilibrium of food aroma compounds between plastic films and foods or food simulants (K K,P/L) has been characterized. Two polymers (LLDPE and PET), three organic compounds (ethyl caproate, hexanal and 2-phenylethanol), four food products with varying fat content (milk cream, mayonnaise, margarine and oil) and three simulants (ethanol 95%, n -heptane and isooctane) were selected for study. The results show the effect of the aroma compound volatility and polarity, as well as its compatibility with the polymer and the food or food simulant. Equilibrium constants for the organic compound between the polymers and a gaseous phase (K A,P/V) as well as between the food (or food simulant) and a gaseous phase (K A,L/V) were also determined. An approach is presented to estimate K from the binary equilibrium constants K A,P/L and K A,P/L. Calculated results were shown to describe experimental data very well and indicated that compatibility between the aroma and the food or food simulant is the main contributing factor to the partition equilibrium describing the extent of food/packaging interactions. Therefore, the measurement of liquid/vapour equilibrium can be regarded as a powerful tool to compare the effectiveness of food simulants as substitutes of a particular food product and can be used as a guide for the selection of the appropriate simulant.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"10 1","pages":"192 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84314613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of some recent antimicrobial packaging concepts","authors":"L. Vermeiren, F. Devlieghere, J. Debevere","doi":"10.1080/02652030110104852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110104852","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of active packaging is the combination of food-packaging materials with antimicrobial substances to control microbial surface contamination of foods. For both migrating and non-migrating antimicrobial materials, intensive contact between the food product and packaging material is required and therefore potential food applications include especially vacuum or skin-packaged products, e.g. vacuum-packaged meat, fish, poultry or cheese. Several antimicrobial compounds have been combined with different types of carriers (plastic and rubber articles, paper-based materials, textile fibrils and food-packaging materials). Until now, however, few antimicrobial concepts have found applications as a food-packaging material. Antimicrobial packaging materials cannot legally be used in the EU at the moment. The potential use would require amendments of several different legal texts involving areas such as food additives, food packaging, hygiene, etc. The main objective of this paper is to provide a state of the art about the different types of antimicrobial concepts, their experimental development and commercialization, and to present a case study summarizing the results of investigations on the feasibility of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-film containing triclosan to inhibit microbial growth on food surfaces and consequently prolong shelf-life or improve microbial food safety. In contrast with the strong antimicrobial effect in in-vitro simulated vacuumpackaged conditions against the psychrotrophic food pathogen L. monocytogenes, the 1000mg kg -1 containing triclosan film did not effectively reduce spoilage bacteria and growth of L. monocytogenes on re frigerated vacuum-packaged chicken breasts stored at 7 ° C.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"176 1","pages":"163 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79801289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat","authors":"C. Maragos, M. Jolley, M. Nasir","doi":"10.1080/02652030110092612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110092612","url":null,"abstract":"The mould Fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin). Each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay using a previously described monoclonal antibody for DON was developed. The assay was based on the competition of unlabeled DON from a sample with a fluorescently tagged DON, DON-fluorescein (DON-FL), for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The FP of the tagged DON was increased upon binding with the antibody. In the presence of free toxin, less of the DON-FL was bound and the polarization signal was decreased. The assays were very simple to perform, requiring only mixing of an aqueous extract of wheat with the DON-FL and antibody. The sensitivity of the assay was strongly dependent upon the time between mixing of the sample with the tracer and measurement of the fluorescence polarization, with midpoints for the competition curves ranging from 0.03 µgml-1 with a 15-s incubation to >1 µgml-1 with a 12-min incubation. Samples of wheat naturally contaminated with DON were evaluated by FP and by an HPLC-UV method, with a good correlation (r 2 = 0.97). Although the FP method tended to overestimate DON slightly in the wheat samples, by ˜20%, the assay was easy to use and very useful for the screening of wheat.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"23 1","pages":"400 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-temperature study of the kinetics of migration of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether) into a fatty medium","authors":"C. Simoneau, A. Theobald, P. Roncari, P. Hannaert, E. Anklam","doi":"10.1080/02652030110104843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110104843","url":null,"abstract":"The migration kinetics of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) from processed and non-processed model cans into vegetable oil was investigated as a function of the process treatment and the temperature of storage. Cans were either not heat-treated at all or were processed at 115 ° C for 30min or for 1 h after filling with oil. Each series of experiments comprised 30 samples and was further divided into three groups to be stored at different temperatures (20, 40 and 60 ° C). Aliquots from the samples were taken at regular intervals for >1 year. Samples were analysed for BADGE by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that temperature processing had the largest effect on migration of BADGE. Storage temperature also significantly influenced migration from non-processed cans, in particular at higher storage temperatures such as 60 ° C. Some samples were subjected to 60 ° C storage after an initial period at 20 ° C and an effect on migration was also noted, although to a much lesser extent than from processing. The results of migration at higher temperatures were also correlated to the potential degradation of BADGE from oxidation products.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"14 9 1","pages":"73 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76040777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}