Food Additives & Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Immunoaffinity column clean-up and thin layer chromatography for determination of ochratoxin A in green coffee","authors":"E. A. Santos, E. Vargas","doi":"10.1080/02652030110213717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110213717","url":null,"abstract":"An immunoaffinity clean-up-based method for determining ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee aiming at one-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was established. OTA was extracted with a mixture of methanol and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, purified through an immunoaffinity column, separated on normal or reversed-phase (RP) TLC plates and detected and quantified by visual and densitometric analysis. The linear equation of the standard calibration curve by densitometric analysis gave R2 > 0.999 (0.04–84 ng). The mean recovery (R) of OTA from spiked samples (1.8–109 µg kg−1) by densitometric and visual analyses were 98.4 and 103.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for densitometric and visual analysis varied from 1.1 to 24.9% and from 0.0 to 18.8%, respectively. The RSD for naturally contaminated samples by densitometry (three levels of contamination, n = 3) varied from 11.1 to 18.1%. The correlation (R2) between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and densitometry, and between visual and densitometric analysis for spiked samples were > 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.5 µg kg−1 for normal TLC. Toluene-ethyl acetate-88% formic acid (6:3:1 v/v/v) and acetonitrile-methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (35:35:29:10 v/v/v/v) were regarded as the suitable TLC solvents for eluting both standards and samples on normal and RP TLC plates, respectively. Toluene-acetic acid (99:1 v/v) was chosen as the spotting solvent among several others for giving the best sensitivity and resolution of OTA on TLC plates as well as the best recovery of OTA from standard and sample extract residues. Preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the reuse of the immunoaffinity column and the interference of caffeine in the OTA recovery.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"68 1","pages":"447 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79851245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) for direct food contact applications: challenge test of an inline recycling process","authors":"R. Franz, F. Welle","doi":"10.1080/02652030110102845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110102845","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the plastics used for packaging, due to its low diffusivity and chemical inertness, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the favoured candidate plastics for closed-loop recycling for new packaging applications. In the work reported here, a PET-recycling process was investigated with respect to its cleaning efficiency and compliance of the PET recyclate with food law. The key technology of the investigated PET-recycling process to remove contaminants consists of a predecontamination-extruder combination. At the end of the recycling process, there is either a pelletizing system or downstream equipment to produce preforms or flat sheets. Therefore, the process has two process options, an inline production of PET preforms and a batch option producing PET pellets. In the case of possible misuse of PET bottles by the consumer, the inline process produces higher concentrations in the bottle wall of the recyclate containing preforms. Owing to the dilution of the PET output material by large amounts of uncontaminated PET, the batch option is the less critical process in terms of consumer protection. Regarding an appropriate testing procedure for the evaluation of a bottle-to-bottle recycling process, both process options have their own specific requirements with respect to the design of a challenge test. A novel challenge test approach to the inline mode of a recycling process is presented here.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"20 1","pages":"502 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78650331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural contamination of oat with group A trichothecene mycotoxins in Poland","authors":"J. Perkowski, T. Basinski","doi":"10.1080/02652030110102827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110102827","url":null,"abstract":"Ninety-nine naturally contaminated oat grain samples were collected in 12 plant breeding stations in different parts of Poland. T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) levels were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). HT-2 was the major toxin with an incidence of 24% and its average level in positive samples was 21 µg kg-1. The incidence of T-2 and DAS was 15 and 12%, and their average levels were 60 and 23 µg kg−1, respectively. The highest concentrations of HT-2, T-2 and DAS were 47, 703 and 111 µg kg−1, respectively. Sixty-five samples were free of detectable amounts of the toxic metabolites analysed.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"37 1","pages":"478 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79897339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey for fumonisin B1 in Korean corn-based food products","authors":"Eun-kyung Kim, D. Shon, S. Chung, Young-bae Kim","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113735","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy-six corn-based foods collected in Seoul, Korea, including corn flakes, corn snack, cornstarch, corn for popping, roasted corn for tea, canned sweet corn and other corn products were analysed for the occurrence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average recoveries of FB1 from the corn flakes sample in the range 5–1000 ng g−1 were 104% by dcELISA and 82% by HPLC. The limits of detection were approximately 5 ng g—1 by dcELISA and 20 ng g−1 by HPLC. The incidences and mean levels of FB1 were 73.3, 78.6, 50, 58.3, 17.6 and 40% and 41.8, 67.9, 114, 256, 172 and 22 ng g−1 from corn flakes, corn snack, corn starch, corn for popping, roasted corn for tea and other corn products, respectively, by dcELISA. No FB1 was found in canned sweet corn. The results obtained by dcELISA were correlated to those by HPLC for FB1 (r2 = 0.992). This is the first report on the occurrence of FB1 in corn-based foods in Korea.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"17 1","pages":"459 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89434776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and monitoring of chloramphenicol residues in food of animal origin in Slovenia from 1991 to 2000","authors":"V. Cerkvenik","doi":"10.1080/02652030110089869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110089869","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent the illegal use of chloramphenicol (CAP), regulatory control of its residues in food of animal origin is essential. In Slovenia, the monitoring of CAP residues for statutory purpose started in 1991. The results of a 10-year period are presented. CAP residues were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD) using meta-CAP as an internal standard (ISTD). Before chromatographic determination, analytes were derivatized by silylation. Overall, CAP recovery, adjusted for ISTD, was for bovine muscle tissue and raw cow's milk (in the region of 2–10 µg kg-1) 89 and 102%, respectively, and for whole eggs, 87% (in the region of 1–10 µg kg-1). The use of meta-CAP improved significantly the precision of the method. The detection limit for CAP was 1 µg kg-1, which was sufficiently sensitive for routine use. A total of 1308 random samples of Slovenian origin were analysed from 1991 to 2000, covering all parts of the country. CAP was found only in one milk sample in 1997 at a concentration of 4.6 µg kg-1.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"48 1","pages":"357 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81546715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of mutagenicity of a red food colour impurity (1- carboxyl-5,7-dibromo-6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trichloroxanthone) in Phloxine B","authors":"H. Aoki, Y. Ogawa, C. Yukawa, M. Nakamura, H. Nakazawa","doi":"10.1080/02652030110088851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110088851","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the mutagenicity of 1-carboxyl-5,7-dibromo-6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trichloroxanthone (HXCA), which is an impurity present in Food Red No. 104 (FR104, Phloxine B, the Japanese counterpart of D&C Red No. 28), HXCA was isolated from FR104 using pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and preparative HPLC. A large amount of HXCA was synthesized to perform the Ames test, and its identity was confirmed by comparison of its HPLC retention time, UV-Vis, MS and NMR spectra with those of HXCA isolated from FR104. The results of the Ames test using synthetic HXCA showed that it did not possess mutagenic activity. The results of the mutagenicity test for HXCA will provide useful information for the establishment of an upper limit for HXCA in FR104 (or D&C Red No. 28) for use in regulatory considerations.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"2 1","pages":"350 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-flavour release from packaging materials and its prevention: a foods company's approach","authors":"M. Huber, J. Ruiz, F. Chastellain","doi":"10.1080/02652030110072074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110072074","url":null,"abstract":"Off-flavours in packed food are causes for consumer complaints. Often, they are related to packaging materials. For food companies, this represents not only costs related to production, but also a possible loss of brand confidence and market share. The origin of packaging-related off-odours are many sided. Odours derive from the degradation of base packaging materials and their converting processes, including printing, coating and lamination as well as the interaction between food and packaging. Many substances and groups of substances have been identified so far. In spite of the fact that the quality of packaging materials is clearly defined in the specifications (e.g. limit for residual solvents, standardized odour and taste transfer tests), off-flavour cases still do occur. This paper sets out ways of avoiding such problems, even in factories and laboratories which are not so well equipped. Prevention at Nestlé is based on several pillars. For a number of years, a sensory panel at the central laboratory has been specialized in and trained on packaging off-flavours. The panel can describe and identify odours and their origin. To confirm the results by instrumental analysis, various extraction and separation techniques are available, including distillation/extraction techniques and direct thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy and an olfactory sniffing port. However, this knowledge must also be present in the operational plants where the problem usually originates. To manage this knowledge transfer, two tools were introduced to build up sensory panels that can evaluate packaging material. First, an aroma library kit was developed that contained odours that are often involved in off-odour cases. For each odour, a typical descriptor and the chemical composition are given. Beside that, information is added about the occurrence. Second, a glossary, which contains descriptors for packaging-related off-odours, was published. This small booklet helps to unify the odour descriptions, especially thanks to its translation into three important languages. This paper describes the tools mentioned above, as well as examples and limitations for their application.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"32 1","pages":"221 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86615028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of migrates from food-packaging materials: a challenge","authors":"K. Grob","doi":"10.1080/02652030110072713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110072713","url":null,"abstract":"The premise is put forward that present European regulation of food-packaging materials does not provide the assessment for safety corresponding to the opinion of toxicologists that migrants ingested in amounts exceeding a threshold of 1.5 μ g day -1 should be identified and toxicologically evaluated. Many substances that migrate (the large majority of the components migrating from can coatings) are neither starting point materials, nor obvious derivatives therefrom, and are, therefore, not covered by existing systems based on positive lists. Safety presupposes the comprehensive analysis of the migrating substances, ultimately to the limits in terms of concentration and molecular weight considered to be of toxicological concern. This is a new analytical challenge. In this paper, expected problems are discussed, leading to the conclusion that it will be difficult to achieve comprehensive analysis down to the concentrations presently considered safe, but that systematic work should start to define the possibilities and limitations of analytical chemistry for a migrateoriented coating legislation.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"1 1","pages":"185 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84517708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene terephthalate recycling for food-contact applications: testing, safety and technologies: a global perspective","authors":"F. Bayer","doi":"10.1080/02652030110083694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110083694","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were undertaken to determine the composition of five different types of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) feedstreams to ascertain the relative amounts of food containers and non-food containers. Deposit post-consumer PET feedstreams contained ~100% food containers, whereas curbside feedstreams contained from 0.04 to 6% non-food containers. Analysis of the PET containers from the different type feedstreams after the containers were subjected to a commercial PET wash system and after processing with a proprietary decontamination technology was accomplished to determine the levels of compounds in the post-consumer PET after the various stages of processing. Comprehensive thermal desorption/GC/MS, purge and trap GC/MS purge and trap GC quantitation, PET dissolution and extraction GC analysis and PET dissolution HPLC analysis established the types and concentrations of compounds that absorb in the PET from the various types of postconsumer feedstreams. A total of 121 compounds were identified in the five different feedstreams. The concentration of absorbed compounds remaining in the deposit material and the non-food applications material after the commercial wash was 28 and 39mgkg -1 respectively. Analysis of the feedstreams after subjecting the material to a proprietary decontamination process demonstrated the ability of removing all the absorbed compounds to a level below the level of the threshold of regulation. The safety of sourcing of post-consumer PET from food use applications verses non-food use applications of PET has been established.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"192 1","pages":"111 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77763307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of taints related to printed solid boards with an electronic nose","authors":"R. Heiniö, R. Ahvenainen","doi":"10.1080/02652030110072083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110072083","url":null,"abstract":"The main objectives were to combine knowledge gathered from the electronic nose (EN) with traditional analytical reference methods for measuring volatile compounds, such as sensory and headspace methods. The impacts of different colouring agents on the sensory properties of packaging materials when analysed by EN were determined. The first step in investigations using the EN was optimization of sample treatment and analysis parameters for the samples. The best resolution was achieved at 60 ° C in 20min, and the effect of humidity on the EN sensors was confirmed. A comparison was made of three sensory methods for analysing taints of packaging materials. The study showed that the odour of the packaging itself was often not a reliable indication of the taint perceived in the packed foodstuff and should be regarded only as indicative. Taints caused by pigments of printed solid boards were analysed by EN. Twenty samples were studied, representing unprinted solid board, lacquered solid board, offset printed solid board with 14 different colours and offset printed, lacquered solid board with four colours. The EN succeeded in grouping these materials according to their colouring agents or lacquering, despite slight overlapping of replicates, and the results appeared to reflect at least to some extent the off-flavours perceived in sensory evaluation. The results of this study are only indicative, because the analysis of results from different sources or equipment requires more extensive use of statistical methods.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"14 1","pages":"209 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}