The Open Atmospheric Science Journal最新文献_第10页

Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems and its Relationship with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Region 印度-太平洋地区中尺度对流系统演变及其与Madden-Julian涛动的关系

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-25 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010158

A. Salahuddin, S. Curtis

{"title":"Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems and its Relationship with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Region","authors":"A. Salahuddin, S. Curtis","doi":"10.2174/1874282300903010158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010158","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we investigated the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the organization, strength, and distribution of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over the Indo-Pacific region for understanding El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study is based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) precipitation features dataset during boreal winters of 2001-02 to 2006-07. The results of time series of hot spot analyses show that MCSs are predominantly clustered in the Maritime Continent and West Pacific Regions, and are preferentially observed over ocean compared to land. The largest quantity of MCSs were observed to the south of the equator in January 2002, and the distribution of MCSs as a function of SST for these months peaked between 29-30 o Celsius. MJO explains 11% to nearly 30% of the characteristics of MCSs in the Indo-Pacific. The percentage of MCSs over the ocean in January is larger when the MJO is in the active phase than the passive phase from the Indian Ocean to the West Pacific Region. The warm waters under the MCSs may be related to the coupled MJO process that convectively generate and maintain the storms. The effect of the MJO is strongest when it is located within the Maritime Continent region. The MJO analysis indicates that MCSs are more likely accompanied by westerly winds during the eastward propagation of the MJO and the westerly wind bursts have been linked to the onset of El Nino in the Pacific.","PeriodicalId":122982,"journal":{"name":"The Open Atmospheric Science Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116145053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Aviation Applications of the Pulsed Doppler LIDAR – Experience in Hong Kong 脉冲多普勒激光雷达在航空上的应用-香港的经验

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010138

P. Chan

引用次数: 4

Planetary-Scale Vortical Structures in the Conducting Atmosphere 传导大气中行星尺度的涡旋结构

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010147

Ma.G. Khantadze, G. Jandieri, A. Ishimaru, V. Jandieri

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Derived from Ground-Based LIDAR and MODIS 陆基LIDAR和MODIS气溶胶光学深度(AOD)的比较

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010131

P. Chan

引用次数: 18

Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 Particulate Matter Collected in San Jose, Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加圣何塞收集的PM10颗粒物质的化学成分和来源

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-05-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010124

J. Herrera, S. Rodríguez, A. Báez

引用次数: 3

Impact of downscaling on the simulation of seasonal monsoon rainfall over the Indian region using a global and mesoscale model. 降尺度对使用全球和中尺度模式模拟印度地区季节性季风降雨的影响。

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-05-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010104

S. Dutta, Someshwar Das, S. Kar, U. C. Mohanty, P. Joshi

{"title":"Impact of downscaling on the simulation of seasonal monsoon rainfall over the Indian region using a global and mesoscale model.","authors":"S. Dutta, Someshwar Das, S. Kar, U. C. Mohanty, P. Joshi","doi":"10.2174/1874282300903010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010104","url":null,"abstract":"A global model (T80L18; Triangular Truncation at wave number 80 with 18 vertical layers) and a mesoscale model MM5 (nested at 90 and 30 km resolutions) are integrated for 5 monsoon years 1998-2002. The impact of dynami- cal downscaling from global to mesoscale in the simulations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall is studied. Comparisons between the global and the mesoscale models show that, though the global model has an edge over the mesoscale model in simulating the all-India mean rainfall closer to the observation, the T80L18 model lacks in simulating the spatial variations in rainfall. The effect of downscaling is better represented in the rainfall variations produced by MM5 both quantitatively and qualitatively over the foothills of the Himalayas and along Nepal to North-eastern India. It is also seen that the mesoscale model is able to represent the dispersion (standard deviation) present in the observed rainfall over India. In the five monsoon seasons, RMSE of mean rainfall (monthly and seasonal) of T80L18 forecasts are mostly lower than that of MM5 forecasts. However, synoptic features like the Somali Jet and Tibetan anticyclone are better rep- resented by MM5. This model has also simulated the regions of convection better than the T80L18 model. However, the MM5 simulations produced an anomalous circulation over the Saudi Arabian region (15-20 0 N and 45-50 0 E) in many cases. The mesoscale model simulates better wind fields than the global model in general. Over peninsular India T80L18 model showed higher temperature gradient but, over Central India this model has better temperature field as compared to MM5. Over southern and north-eastern India, the temperature field of T80L18 and MM5 are very similar.","PeriodicalId":122982,"journal":{"name":"The Open Atmospheric Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133467424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rainfall and temperature scenario for Bangladesh. 孟加拉国的降雨和温度情景。

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-04-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010093

Md. Nazrul Islam

{"title":"Rainfall and temperature scenario for Bangladesh.","authors":"Md. Nazrul Islam","doi":"10.2174/1874282300903010093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010093","url":null,"abstract":"A regional climate model named Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) adapted in gener- ating rainfall scenarios for the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) region. At first, PRECIS gen- erated rainfall scenario is calibrated with ground-based observed rainfall during baseline period (1961-1990) in Bangla- desh. The regression coefficients obtained through calibration are utilized for validation of PRECIS simulated rainfall dur- ing 2000-2006. PRECIS overestimated rainfall by 12.37%, 1.58%, 10.81%, 4.79 and 13.18% in 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006 respectively. It underestimated by 0.64% and 10.84% in 2001 and 2004 respectively. On an average, PRECIS overestimated about 4.47% of surface rainfall. Better performance of PRECIS through validation encourages employing it in rainfall forecasting for Bangladesh. In the second step, rainfall and temperature forecast for Bangladesh is experimen- tally obtained for 2010-2020. This work discloses that the PRECIS simulated rainfall and temperature are not directly use- ful in application purposes. However, after performing calibration, acceptable result is obtained in estimating annual rain- fall in Bangladesh with correlation coefficient is 0.90. Change of rainfall is forecasted from -0.99% (in 2013) to 5.3% (2018) for Bangladesh during 2010 - 2020.","PeriodicalId":122982,"journal":{"name":"The Open Atmospheric Science Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128522123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

CloudSat and A-Train Observations of Tropical Cyclones CloudSat和A-Train对热带气旋的观测

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-03-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010080

S. Durden, S. Tanelli, G. Dobrowalski

引用次数: 10

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-03-24 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010048

G. Kramm, F. Herbert

{"title":"Similarity Hypotheses for the Atmospheric Surface Layer Expressed by Non-Dimensional Characteristic Invariants – A Review","authors":"G. Kramm, F. Herbert","doi":"10.2174/1874282300903010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010048","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, similarity hypotheses for the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) are reviewed using nondimensional characteristic invariants, referred to as -numbers. The basic idea of this dimensional -invariants analysis (sometimes also called Buckingham’s -theorem) is described in a mathematically generalized formalism. To illustrate the task of this powerful method and how it can be applied to deduce a variety of reasonable solutions by the formalized procedure of non-dimensionalization, various instances are represented that are relevant to the turbulence transfer across the ASL and prevailing structure of ASL turbulence. Within the framework of our review we consider both (a) MoninObukhov scaling for forced-convective conditions, and (b) Prandtl-Obukhov-Priestley scaling for free-convective conditions. It is shown that in the various instances of Monin-Obukhov scaling generally two -numbers occur that result in corresponding similarity functions. In contrast to that, Prandtl-Obukhov-Priestley scaling will lead to only one number in each case usually considered as a non-dimensional universal constant. Since an explicit mathematical relationship for the similarity functions cannot be obtained from a dimensional invariants analysis, elementary laws of -invariants have to be pointed out using empirical or/and theoretical findings. To evaluate empirical similarity functions usually considered within the framework flux-profile relationships, so-called integral similarity functions for momentum and sensible heat are presented and assessed on the basis of the friction velocity and the vertical component of the eddy flux densities of sensible and latent heat directly measured during the GREIV I 1974 field campaign.","PeriodicalId":122982,"journal":{"name":"The Open Atmospheric Science Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122067006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Evaluation of Rainfall Measurements from the WXT510 Sensor for Use in the Oklahoma City Micronet WXT510传感器用于俄克拉何马城微网的降雨量测量评估

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874282300903010039

J. Basara, Bradley G. Illston, T. Winning, C. Fiebrich

{"title":"Evaluation of Rainfall Measurements from the WXT510 Sensor for Use in the Oklahoma City Micronet","authors":"J. Basara, Bradley G. Illston, T. Winning, C. Fiebrich","doi":"10.2174/1874282300903010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010039","url":null,"abstract":"A network of 40 real-time, automated atmospheric monitoring stations was deployed in Oklahoma City and of- ficially commissioned on 8 November 2008: the Oklahoma City Micronet (OKCNET). The Oklahoma City Micronet in- cludes 36 stations mounted on traffic signals which utilize the Vaisala WXT510 sensor. As part of the design of the WXT510, an impact sensor is utilized for the collection of rainfall observations. Prior to deployment in Oklahoma City, an array of 33 WXT510 sensors were deployed at the OKCNET intercomparison facility and compared with traditional instruments used to measure rainfall including tipping bucket rain gauges and a Geonor weighing gauge. The results of the comparison revealed that a consistent, linear bias was present between the WXT510 sensors and the traditional gauges whereby, on average, the traditional gauges measured approximately 26% less precipitation than the WXT510 sensors. In addition, the variation in recorded rainfall between WXT510 sensors was consistent with that recorded by the tipping bucket gauges. As such, a correction was developed using the WXT510 and tipping bucket data. This correction was ap- plied to the WXT510 rainfall observations and cross-verified using the Geonor gauge data. The overall result of the study yielded a bulk correction that can be applied to rainfall observations recorded by the WXT510 to greatly improve the ac- cumulated rainfall values. This correction is designed to improve the overall accuracy of the observations without specifi- cally calibrating each individual WXT510 sensor and is valid regardless of rainfall intensity, length of the precipitation event, seasonal characteristics of the rainfall, or rainfall type (i.e., stratiform, convective, etc.).","PeriodicalId":122982,"journal":{"name":"The Open Atmospheric Science Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114192061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9