Florida Entomologist最新文献

{"title":"Bugs Carry Pollen Too: Pollination Efficiency of Plant Bug Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Visiting Cotton Flowers","authors":"Loriann C Garcia, Jason Gould, M. Eubanks","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollinators for the fiber crop cotton are underused despite evidence that cross-pollination can increase yields. In addition, existing research largely ignores the potential of insects other than bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) to provide pollination services for cotton. We observed plant bugs, cotton fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visiting flowers of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) and carrying cotton pollen grains on their bodies. We hypothesized that fleahoppers might contribute to cross-pollination of cotton as they forage among flowers. To test this hypothesis, we examined P. seriatus flower visitation frequency, cotton pollen load, pollen analog dispersal, and cross-pollination capacity. We found that cotton fleahoppers visited 21% of flowers observed in our field site and that they deposited a pollen analog on 12.5% of the flowers accessible in a field cage. However, individual cotton fleahoppers are likely too small to carry enough grains to fertilize self-sterile cotton flowers, because field collected cotton fleahoppers carried approximately 25 pollen grains per insect, which is less than what is needed for cotton flowers to set fruit. Overall, we found that cotton fleahoppers were unable to stimulate cotton fruit development in self-sterile flowers. Nevertheless, we predict that cotton fleahoppers may contribute to cross-pollination of cotton within a community of pollinators, and that they may pollinate their wild host plants which have smaller or clustered flowers. We encourage researchers to continue to investigate non-bee pollinators in wild and agroecosystems. Resumen Los polinizadores para el cultivo de fibra de algodón están infrautilizados a pesar de la evidencia de que la polinización cruzada puede aumentar los rendimientos. Además, la investigación existente ignora en gran medida el potencial de los insectos distintos a las abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophilia) para proporcionar servicios de polinización para el algodón. Observamos chinches de plantas, saltahojas del algodón, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), visitando flores de algodón americano (upland), Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) y llevando granos de polen de algodón sobre sus cuerpos. Presumimos que los saltahojas podrían contribuir a la polinización cruzada del algodón mientras se alimentan entre las flores. Para probar esta hipótesis, examinamos la frecuencia de visitas de flores de P. seriatus, la carga de polen de algodón, la dispersión de análogos de polen y la capacidad de polinización cruzada. Encontramos que los saltamontes del algodón visitaron el 21% de las flores observadas en nuestro sitio de campo y que depositaron un análogo de polen en el 12,5% de las flores accesibles en una jaula de campo. Sin embargo, es probable que los saltahojas de algodón individualmente sean demasiado pequeños para transportar suficientes granos para fertilizar las flores de ","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Survival, and Fecundity of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Five Weedy Host Plants Common across the Mid-South USA","authors":"J. Glover, M. Portilla, G. Reddy","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly mobile and polyphagous pest known to feed on over 300 cultivated and wild host plant species. Larvae cause significant economic damage to several commercial row crops over multiple generations each growing season. The objective of this study was to compare biological fitness of H. zea on 5 weedy host plants commonly found across the mid-south US. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr. (all Fabaceae), and honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.; Caprifoliaceae) were evaluated as primary food sources for H. zea under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 0.5 °C, a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod. This study measures the development, biomass, survival, and fecundity of H. zea when reared on the reproductive tissues of 5 common weeds. Larvae of H. zea successfully developed on all 5 weeds to adulthood, but significant mortality (> 50%) was observed for larvae reared on hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu. Larval developmental periods ranged from 30 d to 39 d for H. zea reared on honeysuckle and white clover, respectively. Pupal biomass ranged 158.1 mg to 161.2 mg for individuals reared on hairy vetch, followed by 196.2 mg to 202.8 mg on crimson clover, and 204.6 to 217.4 mg for individuals on white clover, honeysuckle, and kudzu collectively. Pupal emergence varied from 92.1% to 61.8% for crimson clover and hairy vetch, respectively. Larval mortality varied from 25.3% on crimson clover to 68.9% for hairy vetch. Average adult longevity ranged from 10 d to 11 d for females and males reared on crimson clover to 4 d on kudzu and 4 d on white clover for female and male, respectively. The average number of eggs laid by females reared on crimson clover, white clover, hairy vetch, honeysuckle, and kudzu were 553.5, 512.3, 288.2, 194.7, and 142.2, respectively. Our findings indicate crimson and white clover were among the most suitable hosts, and kudzu the most unsuitable based on larval mortality and reproductive capability. Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los parámetros biológicos de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en cinco plantas hospederas comunes de mid-south: trébol carmesí (Trifolium incarnatum L.), trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.), arveja vellosa (Vicia villosa Roth), kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) (todos Fabaceae) y madreselva Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) evaluadas bajo condiciones de laboratorio a 27 ± 0.5 °C, 60 ± 5% de humedad relativa y un fotoperíodo de 14:10 (L:O). Se midió el tiempo de desarrollo de huevo, larva y pupa, peso pupal, longevidad y fecundidad del adulto de H. zea. La larva se desarrolló con excito hasta adulto sobre las cinco plantas hospederas, sin embargo, se observo una diferencia significativa de > 50% in larvas criadas en arveja vellosa, madreselva y kudzu. El rango de","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45135808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Development, Parasitism, and Predation of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Sassafras (Lauraceae) in Southeastern US Agroecosystems","authors":"P. G. Tillman, K. Kesheimer, Katherine L. Hirsch, E. Grabarczyk","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous pest that disperses from non-crop host plants into crops in search of food. Sassafras trees (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees; Lauraceae) are found commonly in woodland habitats in the southeastern US and may therefore be a potential host. The main objective of this 2-yr study was to determine if sassafras serves as a host plant for this pest in woodland habitats adjacent to crops in Prattville, Alabama, and Byron, Georgia, USA. Each yr pheromone-baited traps were deployed in the canopy of sassafras trees to capture H. halys. We also evaluated parasitism and predation of H. halys sentinel egg masses by native parasitoids and predators in sassafras. Halyomorpha halys adult males and females as well as second through fifth instars were captured in traps and observed in sassafras trees over the season at both locations each yr of the study. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67.7%) and Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18.3%) were the primary parasitoid species that emerged from H. halys sentinel egg masses. Stylet sucking (62.3%) and chewing (32.0%) were the primary types of predation on H. halys eggs. We conclude that sassafras is a reproductive host plant for H. halys, and native natural enemies prey on and parasitize H. halys egg masses in this host plant. Resumen La chinche hedionda invasora marrón marmolada, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), es una plaga polífaga que se dispersa de plantas hospedantes no cultivadas a los cultivos en busca de alimento. Se les encuentran en los árboles de sasafrás (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees; Lauraceae) comúnmente en hábitats boscosos del sureste de los EE. UU. y por lo tanto este puede ser un hospedero potencial. El objetivo principal de este estudio de 2 años fue determinar si el sasafrás sirve como planta hospedera para esta plaga en hábitats boscosos adyacentes a cultivos en Prattville, Alabama, y Byron, Georgia, EE. UU. Cada año, se colocaron trampas cebadas con feromonas en el dosel de los árboles de sasafrás para capturar H. halys. También evaluamos el parasitismo y la depredación de masas de huevos centinela de H. halys por parasitoides nativos y depredadores en sasafrás. Se capturaron machos y hembras adultos así como ninfas del segundo al quinto estadio de Halyomorpha halys en las trampas, y se observaron en árboles de sasafrás durante la temporada en ambos lugares cada año del estudio. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (67,7%) y Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (18,3%) fueron las principales especies de parasitoides que emergieron de las masas de huevos centinela de H. halys. La succión por los estiletes (62,3%) y la masticación (32,0%) fueron las principales clases de depredación sobre los huevos de H. halys. Concluimos que el sasafrás es una planta hospedera reproductiva para H. h","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defensive Warning Behavior Expressed by Three Species of Polistine Wasps","authors":"H. R. Hermann, Timothy Kelting, Peter Capobianco","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although expressions of warning intruders in colonies of polistine wasps appear to vary somewhat with species-specific defensiveness, the type of intrusion, age of the colony, age and type of the nest occupants, and degree of colony homeostasis, they often share commonly expressed forms of behavior when warning both invertebrate and vertebrate intruders in the vicinity of the nest site. Warning behavior is not associated with most of the home range but with a nest yard, an area within visual range of the nest. The distance from the nest at which stinging is demonstrated is defined as a sting threshold point, which varies among different species and at different periods in the annual cycle. Aposematic coloration and pattern, expressed to varying degrees in different species and sexes, are demonstrated passively but play an active role in defense when combined with warning displays. While males do not engage in active defense, they play a more passive defensive role, and sometimes possess stronger aposematic patterns than those of females. They also engage in a low degree of overt warning expressions. Resumen Mientras que las expresiones de advertencia en las colonias de avispas polistinas parecen variar algo con actitudes defensiva propias de cada especie, el tipo de intrusión, edad de la Colonia, edad y tipo de ocupantes del nido y el grado de homeostasis de la colonia, a menudo comparten formas comunes de comportamiento de advertencia ante intrusos que se acerquen al nido ya sean invertebrados o vertebrados. El comportamiento de advertencia no está asociado con la mayoría del área de vida (home range) sino con el “patio del nido,” la adyacencia inmediata visual al nido. La distancia del nido a la cual puede suceder la picadura se define como el umbral de la picaura, la cual varía entre diferentes especies y en diferentes períodos del ciclo anual. Coloración aposemática y patrón, expresado en diversos grados en diferentes especies y sexos, se manifiestan pasivamente, pero juegan un papel activo en la defensa cuando se combina con el comportamiento agonístico. Aunque los machos no participan en la defensa activa, ellos juegan un papel defensivo pasivo y a menudo poseen patrones aposemáticos más fuertes que los de las hembras. También participan en bajo grado en manifiestas expresiones de advertencia.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Herbivory Following Fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an Ericaceous Shrub of Florida Scrub","authors":"Haley E. Dole, E. Menges, A. S. David","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influential role of fire in shaping Florida scrub vegetation is well documented; however, relatively less is known about the role of fire on trophic interactions such as those between plants and herbivores. Here we examined the response of insect herbivory to time-since-fire and succession on Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) G.S. Torr. (Ericaceae), a shrub found in scrub of south-central Florida. We measured herbivory on > 200 plants across a time-since-fire gradient of 7 sites (ranging from 0.6–8.7 yr) by (1) surveying recently flushed leaves for 3 mo to control for leaf age, and (2) surveying herbivory across whole plants irrespective of leaf age. We also recorded damage types (chewing, scraping, and mining) to determine how herbivore guilds were affected by time-since-fire. Using generalized additive models, we found herbivory increased for 5 to 6 yr post-fire with 59.8% of the deviance explained by time-since-fire in flushed leaf surveys and 76.6% in whole plant surveys. Chewing was the dominant damage type and increased for 5 yr post-fire. Scraping and mining damage were less frequent and unaffected by time-since-fire within the range studied. Additionally, we modeled the post-fire responses of L. fruticosa traits (height, stems, flowering, and leaf area), and found that most changes in growth and reproduction occurred within the first 4 to 6 yr post-fire. Herbivory levels increased as plants recovered and peaked in yr 5 and 6 post-fire indicating insect herbivores, like the plants, are well adapted to the dynamic, pyrogenic landscape. Resumen El efecto influyente del fuego sobre la formación de la vegetación de matorral de la Florida está bien documentado; sin embargo, se sabe relativamente poco sobre el papel del fuego en las interacciones tróficas, como las que se dan entre plantas y herbívoros. Aquí, examinamos la respuesta de herbivoría de los insectos al tiempo transcurrido desde el incendio y la sucesión en Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) G.S. Torr. (Ericaceae), un arbusto ericáceo que se encuentra en los matorrales del centro-sur de la Florida. Medimos la herbivoría en > 200 plantas a lo largo de un gradiente de tiempo desde el incendio de 7 sitios (que van de 0,6 a 8,7 años) mediante (1) el estudio de las hojas recientemente enrojecidas durante 3 meses para controlar la edad de las hojas, y (2) el estudio de la herbivoría en todo el territorio. plantas enteras independientemente de la edad de la hoja. También registramos los tipos de daño (masticación, raspado y minería) para determinar si los grupos de herbívoros se vieron afectados por el tiempo transcurrido desde el incendio. Usando modelos aditivos generalizados, encontramos que la herbivoría aumentó durante 5 a 6 años después del incendio con un 59,8 % de la desviación explicada por el tiempo transcurrido desde el incendio en estudios de hojas enrojecidas y un 76,6 % en estudios de toda la planta. La masticación fue el tipo de daño dominante y aumentó durante 5 años después del","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sipha maydis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Humid Subtropical Region of Brazil: Distribution, Seasonality and Biology","authors":"S. Lampert, J. R. Salvadori, D. Lau, Paulo R. V. da S. Pereira, E. Engel, M. Savaris","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sipha maydis (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pest of cultivated cereals and wild grasses introduced into America and first reported in South America at Argentina in 2002. In Brazil, this aphid was detected first in wheat in Oct 2006 at Rio Grande do Sul State. Between 2007 and 2013 the aphid was reported in several localities in the humid subtropical region of Brazil (southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná) on different plant species including Triticum aestivum L., Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (all Poaceae) and uncultivated grasses. Sipha maydis also has been captured in yellow tray traps. Peak flight activity for S. maydis occurred in the spring-summer transition and was apparently correlated with average air temperature. Sipha maydis was able to complete its life cycle on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. During the nymphal phase the best hosts were A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Hordeum vulgare and T. aestivum were the best for the reproductive period and longevity. The intrinsic rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, and T. aestivum. Generation time was longer on H. vulgare, Z. mays, and T. aestivum. Net rate reproduction was greater in H. vulgare and T. aestivum, and the finite rate of increase was greatest on A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum. Although the distribution of S. maydis is expanding and covering the main wheat-growing region of Brazil, and despite the wide range of hosts and the direct damage it causes to local foraging sites, aphid populations are low and their economic importance is limited. However, it reveals that S. maydis has the potential to colonize subtropical regions. Resumen Sipha maydis (Passerini) é uma praga de cereais cultivados e gramíneas silvestres introduzida na América e relatada pela primeira vez na América do Sul na Argentina em 2002. No Brasil, o pulgão-preto-dos-cereais foi detectado pela primeira vez em Triticum aestivum L. em outubro de 2006 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre 2007 e 2013, o pulgão foi relatado em várias localidades da região subtropical húmida do Brasil (Estados da Região Sul: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná) em diferentes espécies de plantas como T. aestivum, Avena strigosa Schreb., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L. (todas Poaceae), e gramíneas não cultivadas. Sipha maydis também foi capturado em armadilhas do tipo bandeja amarela para pulgões alados. O pico de ocorrência das formas aladas na transição primavera-verão é aparentemente correlacionado com a temperatura média do ar. S. maydis foi capaz de completar o ciclo de vida em A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, Z. mays, e T. aestivum. Durante a fase de ninfa, os melhores hospedeiros foram A. strigosa, L. multiflorum, H. vulgare, e T. aestivum. A H. vulgare e o T. aestivum foram os melhores par","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of the Ficus Whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and Its Natural Enemies in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey","authors":"U. Yükselbaba","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the distribution of the Ficus whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and its natural enemies in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, the sampling was made from trees of Ficus spp. during Aug, Sep, and Oct when the pest population was at its peak in the various districts within the Antalya province in 2018 and 2019. In addition, the rate of natural parasitism in the sampling periods also was determined. To determine the dispersal and parasitoids of S. simplex, at least 100 branches were collected from Ficus trees in each district, the Ficus trees were checked visually for the determination of the predators. The results showed that Ficus whitefly is dispersed in all the districts within the Antalya province. Encarsia protransvena Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been identified as the parasitoid of the Ficus whitefly in Antalya and its districts, wereas the highest natural parasitism rate was found to be 32.88% and 21.66% in Oct 2018 and 2019, respectively, across the sampling mo. Chrysoperla mutata (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Conwentzia sp. (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Oenopia conglobata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species were determined as the predators. The results obtained in the study may contribute to the control of S. simplex by using its natural enemies. Resumen En este estudio, se investigó la distribución de la mosca blanca del ficus, Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), y sus enemigos naturales en la región mediterránea occidental de Turquía. Para tal efecto, el muestreo se realizó a partir de árboles de Ficus spp. durante agosto, septiembre y octubre, cuando la población de plagas alcanzó su punto máximo en los diversos distritos de la provincia de Antalya en el 2018 y 2019. Además, también se determinó la tasa de parasitismo natural en los períodos de muestreo. Para determinar la dispersión y parasitoides de S. simplex se recolectaron al menos 100 ramas de árboles de Ficus en cada distrito, los árboles de Ficus fueron revisados visualmente para la determinación de los depredadores. Los resultados mostraron que la mosca blanca del ficus está dispersa en todos los distritos dentro de la provincia de Antalya. Encarsia protransvena Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ha sido identificada como el parasitoide de la mosca blanca del ficus en Antalya y sus distritos, donde se encontró que la tasa de parasitismo natural más alta del 32,88% y el 21,66% en octubre de 2018 y 2019, respectivamente. Se determinó Chrysoperla mutata (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae), Conwentzia sp., Oenopia conglobat","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44548971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Trap Shape, Size, and Color Variations on Capture Rates of Chrysobothris (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Related Buprestids","authors":"Cynthia Perkovich, J. Oliver, K. Addesso, J. P. Basham, N. Youssef","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Using an appropriate trap design can significantly increase trap capture rates for specific insect pests. Chrysobothris are common buprestid pests in nursery production. Using traps that are shaped to mimic preferred tree hosts captured higher numbers of Chrysobothris than other trap designs. Based on these tests, the best trap design (shape and materials) for Chrysobothris monitoring was clear glue on a purple plastic trap folded into a triangular prism shape with panel widths (i.e., 3.8 cm) and trap height (i.e., 1 m) similar to a young sapling tree trunk. Our trap design will help in Chrysobothris pest management strategies for tree nurseries by increasing capture success rates and leading to overall better monitoring of Chrysobothris populations in nursery production. Sumario El uso de un diseño de trampa apropiado puede aumentar significativamente la tasa de captura de las trampas para plagas de insectos específicos. Chrysobothris son plagas bupréstidas comunes en viveros en producción. El uso de trampas que imitan la forma de los árboles hospederos preferidos capturó un mayor número de Chrysobothris que otros diseños de trampas. Con base en estas pruebas, el mejor diseño de trampa (forma y materiales) para el monitoreo de Chrysobothris fue pegamento transparente en una trampa de plástico púrpura doblada en forma de prisma triangular con el ancho de los paneles (3,8 cm) y su altura (1 m) similares a un tronco de árbol joven. Nuestro diseño de trampa ayudará en las estrategias de manejo de plagas de Chrysobothris en los viveros de árboles al aumentar la tasa de éxito de captura y llegar a un mejor monitoreo general de las poblaciones de Chrysobothris en la producción en viveros.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44677426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol Bites Biocontrol: Potential Interference of the Brazilian Peppertree Biological Control Thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) by Montandoniola confusa (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)","authors":"D. Halbritter, M. Rayamajhi, G. Wheeler","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large-scale field releases of biological control agents to help manage the highly invasive Brazilian peppertree began in Jul 2019, with the first releases of the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in southern Florida. Release sites were routinely monitored for agent establishment and impacts on the target weed. Within 5 mo, we noted a pirate bug, Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), feeding on an adult P. ichini thrips in an outdoor garden plot. Interestingly, this pirate bug is itself a biological control agent introduced to control a confamilial thrips pest of ornamental Ficus (Moraceae) trees. Instances of pirate bug predation on P. ichini, both inside our rearing facility and at field sites, have continued and are detailed herein. The average number of thrips produced in our rearing facility was reduced in cages that had pirate bug invasions compared to cages free of pirate bugs. Considerations for the continued biological control efforts of Brazilian peppertree are discussed. Resumen Las liberaciones de campo a gran escala de agentes de control biológico para ayudar a controlar el agresivo invasor pimentero brasileño comenzaron en julio del 2019, con las primeras liberaciones de los trips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el sur de la Florida. Se monitorearon de manera rutinaria los sitios de liberación para determinar el establecimiento del agente y los impactos sobre la maleza objetivo. Dentro de los 5 meses, notamos una chinche pirata, Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), alimentándose de un adulto de P. ichini en una parcela de jardín al aire libre. Curiosamente, este insecto pirata es en sí mismo un agente de control biológico introducido para controlar una plaga de la misma familia de trips en árboles ornamentales de Ficus (Moraceae). Los casos de depredación de chinches piratas en P. ichini, tanto dentro de nuestras instalaciones de crianza como en los sitios de campo, han continuado y se detallan en este documento. El número promedio de trips producidos en nuestra instalación de crianza se redujo en las jaulas que tenían invasiones de chinches piratas en comparación con las jaulas libres de chinches piratas. Se discuten las consideraciones para continuar los esfuerzos de control biológico del pimentero brasileño.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47550883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Bemisia tabaci Infestation, Virus Infection, and Yield in Conventional and Transgenic Bean Golden Mosaic Virus-Resistant Common Bean Elite Lines","authors":"E. D. Quintela, Thiago Livio Pessoa Oliveira de Souza, Josias Correa Faria, Francisco José Lima Aragão, Jose Francisco Arruda e Silva, M. J. Del Peloso, S. Arthurs","doi":"10.1653/024.106.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.106.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Brazil, the Cowpea mild mottle virus vectored by Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an emerging threat for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabaceae), including genetically modified elite bean lines developed for resistance to the Bean golden mosaic virus. To investigate this interaction, we quantified the susceptibility of 10 Bean golden mosaic virus-resistant lines to Cowpea mild mottle virus infection in 2 regions in Brazil with natural incidence of viruliferous B. tabaci. In 2 field trials, B. tabaci established on all varieties, but showed preference for the conventional cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘BRS Pontal’ when compared with elite lines (averaging > 400 nymphs per leaflet, and > 97% infection rate in 1 study). However, whereas elite lines were resistant to Bean golden mosaic virus, all became infected with Cowpea mild mottle virus. Highest infection rates (19 to 99% infected plants) occurred in genetically modified elite lines derived from BRS Pontal versus Pérola (12 to 16%). When comparing seed yield, most elite lines outperformed their conventional recurrent parent. On average, elite lines achieved relative yield increases between 199 and 1,045%, and the varieties CNFCT 16205 and CNFCT 16210 were the most productive in our field trials. Our results showed that the use of common bean cultivars resistant to golden mosaic is an important tool within integrated management strategies for whiteflies and viruses. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the threat of Cowpea mild mottle virus and the nature of whitefly interactions between these different viruses. Resumo No Brasil, o Cowpea mild mottle virus transmitido pela Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é uma ameaça emergente ao feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabaceae), incluindo as linhas elites de feijão geneticamente modificadas desenvolvidas para resistência ao Bean golden mosaic virus. Para investigar essa interação, quantificamos a suscetibilidade de dez linhas geneticamente modificadas resistentes ao Bean golden mosaic virus à infecção pelo Cowpea mild mottle virus em duas regiões do Brasil com incidência natural de B. tabaci virulíferas. Em dois ensaios de campo, B. tabaci estabeleceu em todas as variedades, mas mostrou preferência pelas cultivares convencionais ‘Pérola’ e ‘BRS Pontal’ quando comparadas com as linhas elite geneticamente modificadas (média > 400 ninfas por folíolo e > 97% taxa de infecção por virus em um dos estudos). No entanto, embora as linhas elite foram resistentes ao Bean golden mosaic virus, todas foram infectadas pelo Cowpea mild mottle virus. As maiores taxas de infecção (19 a 99% de plantas infectadas) ocorreram nas linhas elite geneticamente modificadas derivadas da BRS Pontal versus Pérola (12 a 16%). Ao comparar a produtividade, a maioria das linhas elite superou seu pai convencional recorrente. Os aumentos relativos de rendimento foi de 199 a 1.045% sendo as variedades CNFCT 16205 e CNFCT 16210","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}