PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Structure of Public Spending and the Non-Traditional Agricultural Exports in Latin America","authors":"Andres E. Lopez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1622786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1622786","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we carry out a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the level and composition of public expenditure on the export orientation of agriculture using a panel data from eleven Latin American countries for the period of 1985 to 2001. We try to understand the role of different components of government expenditure in explaining the emergence of non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAE). We show that the composition of government spending matters: government spending in supporting marketing and production through subsidies tend to have a negative or insignificant effect on the share of NTAE, while R&D expenditures have a positive effect.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126043763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Urban Marketing in Local Economic Development: A Political Economic Perspective","authors":"F. Obeng-Odoom","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1548843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1548843","url":null,"abstract":"The aggressive marketing of cities to attract private finance and capital is one important aspect of municipal neoliberalism. Urban marketing, as it is called, is said to be the surest way to deliver urban economic development. Using a political-economic framework, this paper provides an alternative analysis of urban marketing, and highlights other avenues for addressing the urban question.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qlobal Maliyye Bohraninin Azerbaycan Iqtisadiyyatina Tesiri (The Influence of the Global Financial Crisis to Azerbaijani Economy)","authors":"E. Suleymanov, A. Zeynalov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2149473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2149473","url":null,"abstract":"Azərbaycanin dunya iqtisadi sisteminə surətli inteqrasiyasi və bir cox inkisaf etmis və ya inkisaf etməkdə olan olkələrlə six iqtisadi əlaqələri, dunya maliyyə bohraninin olkə iqtisadiyyatina muəyyən mənada təsirinə gətirib cixarmisdir. Azərbaycanin umumi iqtisadiyyatina nəzər saldiqda UDM‐nin artimi, inflyasiya tempinin asagi dusməsi, issizliyin azalmasi və basqa pozitiv iqtisadi inkisaf templərinin artisinin əsas səbəblərindən biri də neft hasilati və artan neft qiymətlərindən asili oldugundan, bohran sonrasi qlobal birjalarda , neft qiymətinin dusməsi olkə iqtisadiyyati ucun bəzi cətinliklər meydana gətirmisdir. Bu məqalədə Qlobal maliyyə bohraninin Azərbaycanin iqtisadiyyatina makro və mikro səviyyələrdə, o cumlədən neft və qeyri‐neft sektoruna, aqrar sahəyə, ticarət həcminə, dovlət borcuna, dovlət budcəsinə və birbasa investisiyalara təsiri uzrə tədqiqat aparilmisdir. The global financial crisis influenced the economy of the government, because of the speedy integration of Azerbaijan to the world economical system and wide economical relations with developed and developing countries. If we pay attention to the general economy of Azerbaijan, we can see the main reason of GDP growth, the inflation tempo’s coming down, decrease of the unemployment and increase of the tempos of other positive economical developments is increase of oil prices and oil production. After the global crisis, decline in oil prices in the stocks has created some difficulties for government economy. In this article the influence of the global financial crisis on Azerbaijani Economy on the micro and macro levels, including oil and non-oil sectors, agricultural sector, trade volume, state debt, state budget and direct investments have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116894469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration et Pauvreté en Haïti: Impacts Économiques et Sociaux des Envois de Fonds sur L’Inégalité et la Pauvreté? (Migration and Poverty in Haiti: Economic and Social Consequences of Remittances on Inequality and Poverty in Haiti)","authors":"B. Paul","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2067274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2067274","url":null,"abstract":"Il existe peu d’etudes concernant les consequences economiques et sociales des envois de fonds des travailleurs migrants sur la pauvrete et l’inegalite de leur pays d’origine jusqu’a recemment, notamment en Haiti. Le montant connu des fonds envoyes en Haiti par la diaspora haitienne a depasse la barre d’un milliard de dollars americain en 2004 et suscite depuis lors l’interet des analystes. Dans ce papier, nous presentons quelques elements permettant de comprendre quelles sont les consequences de cette arrivee de fonds sans contrepartie sur la situation de pauvrete et d’inegalites qui caracterise la societe haitienne. Bien que les anticipations macro-economiques concernant ces envois de fonds pour les beneficiaires soient positives, notre analyse montre qu’il vaut mieux etre plus prudent dans la prevision des consequences possibles de ces transferts sur l’economie et la societe haitienne. Par ailleurs notre analyse souleve plusieurs questionnements meritant un approfondissement.There are few studies of the social and economic consequences of remittances from migrant workers on poverty and inequality in their home country until recently, especially in Haiti. The known amount of remittances sent to Haiti by the Haitian diaspora has surpassed one billion U.S. dollars in 2004, and since then arouses the interest of analysts. In this paper, we provide some elements that can help understand what are the consequences of these gifts on poverty and inequality that characterize Haitian society. Although expectations about macroeconomic impacts of remittances on beneficiaries' situation are often taken positively, our analysis shows that it is better to be prudent in predicting positive potential impact of remittances on the economy and Haitian society. Our analysis also raises several questions that deserve deeper investigations.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"46 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114031994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label Performance and the Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee: A Cross-National Perspective","authors":"A. Basu, R. Hicks","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1402650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1402650","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate how label information detailing the performance of the Fair Trade labeling program with respect to coffee affect consumers’ willingness to pay in the United States and in Germany. We provide respondents (University students in the U.S and Germany) information regarding hypothetical benefits of the Fair Trade Coffee program on its intended beneficiaries on the production side (the revenue gains to participating marginal farmers (scope of the program)), and using stated preference conjoint methods test how this performance criterion relates to the willingness to pay for Fair Trade Coffee. Our empirical results identify a “threshold'' property of performance-based labels. In effect, the willingness-to-pay for performance-based Fair Trade labeled coffee exhibits an inverted-U shape in the sense that the willingness to pay is positively related to the scope of the program, but only up to a critical level. Thereafter, the willingness to pay declines as the income gains to participating growers increases further. Interestingly, this inverted-U property is exhibited by both the U.S. and German respondents with different critical thresholds.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128936488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Regulatory Space' in the Treatment of Foreign Investment in Ethiopian Investment Laws","authors":"G. Seifu","doi":"10.1163/221190008x00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221190008x00214","url":null,"abstract":"The provisions on non-discriminatory treatment of foreign investments in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and the required policy space for regulatory flexibility are in constant conflict. Though one of the underlying purposes of BITs is balancing these interests and providing adequate international legal protection, they do not appear to be clear and consistent enough to respond to this objective. Rather, they are crafted in a variety of ways, though they look standardized, with differing levels of treatment and extents of coverage. Examining them in the light of local legislations would call in a host of other additional issues including expansion of the host State’s regulatory freedom. Thus, this article examines the need to liberalize the restrictions on treatment of foreign investment vis-a-vis the need for policy space aimed at good management of economic development.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134192129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Economic Report","authors":"Z. Bogetic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1805779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1805779","url":null,"abstract":"After a decade of high growth, the Russian economy is experiencing a slowdown in the wake of the global financial crisis. While Russia's strong short-term macroeconomic fundamentals make it better prepared than many emerging economies to deal with the crisis, its underlying structural weaknesses and high dependence on the price of a single commodity make its impact more pronounced than otherwise. Prudent fiscal management and substantial financial reserves have protected Russia from deeper consequences of this external shock. The government's policy response so far swift, comprehensive, and coordinated has helped limit the impact. Short-term macroeconomic stabilization has to be the immediate priority as the authorities continue to adjust their short-term policy responses to changing economic circumstances. But the crisis also presents an opportunity to address the medium to longer term challenges of competitiveness, economic diversification, and financial sector modernization which are necessary to boost growth and living standards. This would ensure that Russia emerges from this global crisis with a stronger basis for dynamic, productivity-led growth and is better placed to take advantage of global integration. In the first six months of 2008, real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Russia continued at a brisk pace of about 8 percent, reflecting a booming economy and strong macroeconomic fundamentals. This growth exceeds the long-term potential of the economy (estimated in the 6-7 percent range), with clear signs of overheating. An upturn in inflation, a decline in unemployment, a rise in capital utilization, and real wages significantly outpacing productivity growth all indicated an overheating economy against the backdrop of binding supply (infrastructure) constraints.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the ABCs: Higher Education and Developing Countries","authors":"D. Kapur, M. Crowley","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1099934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1099934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes a relatively neglected facet of the complex debate regarding human capital – higher (or tertiary) education. It addresses five broad questions examining higher education in developing countries. One, are the economic effects of higher education on developing countries different from those in industrialized countries, with its links with labor markets of lesser importance than its impact on institutional development? Two, how does the impact of higher education depend on the type of education and its beneficiaries? Three, with the state unable to meet growing demand pressures, what should be the proper role of the state to ensure not just quality but also equity and access? Four, how should countries rethink the provision of higher education in an “open economy” from seeking education abroad or encouraging foreign providers into the country or simply linking domestic institutions with foreign quality assurance mechanisms? And five, do new technologies offer developing countries a new paradigm to expand the provision of high quality but low cost higher education? The aim is not to provide categorical answers to these complex questions, but rather highlight the analytical and empirical lacuna with regard to each of these questions.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115574440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Strategies in Upstream Oil and Gas Contracts to Attract Foreign Investment: Iran's Case","authors":"A. Mabadi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1745427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1745427","url":null,"abstract":"Since oil and gas industry - as an Iran economic back bone - has a vital importance, financing in this sector has attracted huge amount of attention among economists and even owing to its inherent political character, politicians have involved in this crucial discussion. Historically the main source of financing in Iranian oil and gas industry has been foreign investment, entered in to the country through upstream oil and gas contracts from the early oil and gas concessions i.e. Darcy concessions of 1901 until the more recent buy back contracts. Considering the significant role of foreign investment and especially foreign direct investment in the development and blooming of an industry and in our case oil and gas as a vital industry for Iran, the question of ability to attract foreign investment in a competitive capital market, could be regarded as a profession sometimes beyond the host state abilities. There are a lot of economic, political and legal strategies to optimize the grounds for encouraging foreigners to inject their investment and capital in Iranian oil and gas industry. Although each of these strategies help the other to operate in the better way, so they are closely depended on each other, we will only consider the legal strategies and though legal strategies are variedly from constitutional changes and judiciary system amendments to strict contractual improvements, we will mainly focus on contractual clauses and their significant role in the substance of contracts and the outstanding effects of these clauses to attract foreigners to stream their capital in Iranian oil and gas industry. Iranian Constitution in Article 43 enjoins foreign economic domination over the country's commercial life whilst paragraph 2 of Article 44 declares that the state sector is to include all large scale and \"mother\" industries including major minerals and Article 45 vests the disposition of public wealth and property, such as mineral deposits, in the Islamic state. Moreover according to Petroleum Act (1974), only service contracts are permitted. This has confirmed by the Petroleum Act of 1987 that permit the establishment of contracts between the Ministry of Petroleum, the state companies and \"local and foreign natural persons and legal entities.” In fact the bar on foreign ownership of minerals in the Islamic Republic has been interpreted to mean a bar on the foreign control of reserves, an interpretation which necessarily dictates that any foreign oil company may only act as Contractor to National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) not as Principal or Proprietor. In addition, Article (3) of “Code on Encouragement and Protection of Foreign Investment” and its section (B) states that BOT, Buyback and Civil Partnership contracts could enjoy the legal facilities and protection granted according to this code. The mentioned “Civil Partnership” in this code generally interprets to include Joint Venture contracts that are in fact a kind of partnership contract. In fa","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116371136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully Automated Transport System for Local Intelligent Movement - FATSLIM","authors":"A. Kothari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1373306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1373306","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this project was to develop a transport system which ensures a smoother, safer and faster journey by road, thereby ensuring a better travel experience than encountered currently.This project was designed around the concept of transferring of control of the vehicle from humans to computers, which puts a check on the human factor involved in accidents. Also since the computers already know the way around the city, by virtue of the map of the city fed into them, the time taken to find out routes will also get cut down. As everything is controlled by computers, the person currently known as the driver shall have little to do as the vehicle moves towards the destination, ensuring a less exhausting journey. Since the controls of all the vehicles in one region lie in the hands of the same computer, therefore traffic in a region shall be coordinated with traffic coming from, and going to, other regions, also in case of road blockages, maintenance work or other sorts of diversions, the computer shall just guide the vehicle through a different route, all in all ensuring the time spent at traffic lights, traffic jams or any other delays shall be reduced.The idea of an automated transport system has been thought of before, but the advantages of this design over the predecessors are numerous. Although this is at a very basic stage and would need considerable developments before being in a position to actually be implemented, it is more efficient.","PeriodicalId":122971,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Economy: Development (Topic)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121900439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}