Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science最新文献

{"title":"Acoustic pressure generated from laser-induced bubble collapse near an elastic membrane","authors":"Jingdong Shen ,&nbsp;Huiying Xu ,&nbsp;Yuying Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Gao ,&nbsp;Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Fubing Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the acoustic pressure signals are measured and analyzed to investigate the characteristics of the shock waves generated from a laser-induced bubble collapsing near an elastic membrane. A high-speed shadowgraph imaging system is utilized to visualize bubble evolution, and a needle probe hydrophone is employed to detect the accompanying acoustic transients. The influences of dimension distance, <em>γ</em>, on the acoustic pressure and the collapse shock wave energy are examined. In each case, two notable peaks are observed in the acoustic pressure profile, corresponding to the shock waves emitted at the optical breakdown of the laser pulse and at the first collapse of the bubble when it reaches its minimum volume. Asymmetrical collapse of the bubble can lead to the emission of multiple shock waves and a decreased in the pressure peak. Moreover, the normalized shock wave energy in our experiments varies between 2.61 % and 13.65 %, initially decreasing and then increasing with the decrease of dimensionless distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of fuel adhesion from wall-impinging spray with various injection mass ratios","authors":"Feixiang Chang ,&nbsp;Hongliang Luo ,&nbsp;Chang Zhai ,&nbsp;Yu Jin ,&nbsp;Peiyou Xiong ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Song ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Keiya Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, interactions between spray and wall surfaces are a common phenomenon. This interaction results in fuel adhering to the surfaces of the cylinder and piston, which in turn greatly influences both combustion efficiency and emission levels. This work explored the influence of various injection mass ratios (D25-75, D50-50, D75-25) on fuel adhesion properties, employing the refractive index matching (RIM) technique in both non-evaporation and evaporation environments. Findings indicated that the split injection mass ratios notably affected fuel adhesion. Under the non-evaporation condition, the highest adhesion mass ratio was observed for D50-50, which was 14.5 %, whereas D25-75 and D75-25 exhibited adhesion mass ratios of 11.9 % and 12.5 % at 60 ms after the start of injection (ASOI). This increase was attributed to two factors: “fuel adhesion thickness” and “penetration velocity”, both of which contributed to enhance splashing and ultimately resulted in the highest adhesion mass of D50-50. However, under the evaporation condition, the adhesion mass of D50-50 declined quickly in comparison to those of other injection mass ratios. This rapid decrease was caused by the uneven adhesion of D50-50, which tended to collapse and evaporate faster at high ambient temperatures, as the uniformity of D50-50 was poorer than those of other injection mass ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into wax deposition challenges: Experimental investigation across varied pipeline curvatures","authors":"Nura Makwashi ,&nbsp;Donglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Bingxing Wang ,&nbsp;Mukhtar Abdulkadir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umar Garba","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the intricate phenomenon of wax deposition in oil pipelines, with a primary focus on enhancing the understanding of wax deposition mechanisms. Special attention is given to the role of pipe curvature in influencing these deposition processes, exploring how bends in pipeline structures may alter the behaviour of wax deposition, potentially leading to operational challenges. A novel flow rig was designed and commissioned to simulate wax deposition in straight pipes and pipes with 45° and 90° bends at both horizontal and inclined positions. The objective of the work is to quantify the impact of flow parameters, such as the temperature and flow rate, on wax buildup under different pipe configurations. The results demonstrate that the temperature and flow rate are critical factors influencing wax deposition processes. Specifically, lower temperatures (ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C) and laminar flow conditions (Re &lt; 2000) significantly aggravate wax deposition. It was found that pipe curvature plays a crucial role in the severity of wax buildup. For instance, the pipes with 45° and 90° bends exhibited deposition rates up to 8 % and 10 % higher than those observed in straight pipes, under the same flow conditions. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating pipe curvature effects into wax deposition models, especially in pipelines with complex geometries. This study provides new insights into enhancing the accuracy of predictive models for wax deposition. It highlights the importance of incorporating additional mechanisms, such as Brownian diffusion and gravity settling, in conjunction with traditional factors like molecular diffusion and shear dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind tunnel experimental investigation on aerodynamic noise characteristics of full-scale pantographs with single or double contact strips","authors":"Kailong Jin ,&nbsp;Yamin Ma ,&nbsp;Sijun Huang ,&nbsp;Rong Jia ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Mou ,&nbsp;Jiahui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Huadong Yao ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the train speed continuous increase, the noise caused by high-speed trains has long troubled residents along the railway. The pantograph protrudes from the surface of the train and is the main source of train aerodynamic noise. This study aims to understand the aerodynamic noise characteristics of pantographs to assist in the development of higher-speed trains, the aerodynamic noise from two types of full-scale pantographs with single contact strip and double contact strips was measured using various microphones in wind tunnel tests, and a comparative analysis was conducted. Subsequently, based on the analysis results and engineering experience, a new low-noise pantograph design idea is proposed. The research results are as follows: The spatial distribution of the main noise source is affected by both model and operation status of the pantograph. Based on the noise map of specific frequencies, the panhead and base frame have been identified as the primary noise sources. Due to the complex structure of the arm knuckle in the double contact strips pantograph, it is prone to generating high-intensity noise. Both distribution and intensity of the surface acoustic load in the panhead area of the pantograph with the single contact strip are significantly affected by the operation status, with differences in overall sound pressure level reaching up to 15 dB. In the airflow speed range of 160 km/h to 324 km/h, the overall sound energy of the pantograph far-field noise increases with the speed raised to the power of 5.60–6.01. For pantographs designed for speeds of up to 400 km/h, a streamlined design and optimization on the base frame are very necessary. The data and conclusions obtained in this study are highly significant for guiding the use, design, and noise control of pantographs for high-speed trains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of combination degree effects on characteristics of twin round impinging jets","authors":"Jiaqi Chen ,&nbsp;Mengcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xikun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the velocity distribution of impinging twin jets at various spacing distances, heights, and Reynolds numbers using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results indicate that the velocity on the symmetry line can be used to determine the positions of the merging point (MP) and the combined point (CP), independent of the Reynolds number. For round jets, the position of MP varies linearly with spacing, facilitating the assessment of twin jets development. Furthermore, the mean velocity increase along the symmetry line in the merging region follows a modified exponential-Gaussian distribution. Three specific degrees of combination are defined based on the interaction of the twin jets with the impingement plate: combined, incompletely combined, and separated. Additionally, three distinct flow field structures in the impinging jet region may emerge depending on the degree of combination. In the case of incompletely combined twin jets with a relatively low combination degree, a pair of counter-rotating vortices exists above the plate in the impinging region.<!--> <!-->There exists a critical height and spacing that results in the disappearance of vortices. This study is expected to provide guidance for predicting the degree of combination and the flow field characteristics of the impinging twin jets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of the unsteady wall shear stress vector using multi-aperture defocusing microscopic particle tracking velocimetry","authors":"Joachim Klinner,&nbsp;Christian E. Willert","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A volumetric, three component microscopic particle tracking velocimetry (μPTV) system is presented which relies on single window optical access for both high-speed tracer illumination and image recording. Similar to the triple aperture “defocusing” concept originally introduced by Willert and Gharib (1992), the wall distance of individual particles is obtained from the size of projected particle image triplets formed by a triplet of apertures on the entrance pupil of the microscope lens. The measurement principle is validated with particle tracking measurements of a canonical turbulent boundary layer (TBL) within the closed test section of a wind tunnel at free-stream velocities of <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>≤</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>≤</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></math></span> with corresponding shear Reynolds numbers of <span><math><mrow><mn>560</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>1630</mn></mrow></math></span>. Velocity profiles and higher order statistics are obtained by bin averaging of the particle velocity data up to the inner turbulence peak at a wall distance of <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>ν</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span> with a spatial resolution better than 5<!--> <!-->µm. Excellent agreement with DNS data was obtained at similar Reynolds numbers. The unsteady wall shear stress (WSS) is estimated from particle tracking data sampled in the viscous sub-layer (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>). The joint probability density distributions of stream- and spanwise WSS components are reliably obtained down to probability densities of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> which, to date, has rarely been achieved through measurements. Fluctuations of the WSS components follow the Reynolds number dependency of the correlations reported in the literature but were found to be systematically underestimated with increasing distance of the sampling volume from the wall, affecting the spanwise component to a higher degree. A correction method is suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphing evaporative heat and mass transport of nanofluid droplets by electric field","authors":"Purbarun Dhar ,&nbsp;Ankur Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Deepak K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, evaporation behaviour of pendant droplets of stable nanocolloidal dispersions in the presence of an electric field is probed, both experimentally and theoretically. It is observed that the colloid droplets evaporate faster than their water counterparts in absence of the field. But within field environment, increase of electric field strength suppresses the evaporation rates, while the field frequency shows no appreciable effects on the evaporation rates. Also, the reduction of evaporation rate in field environment is pronounced at higher colloidal concentrations. Theoretical analyses from existing models reveal that neither alterations in the surface tension nor the diffusion-driven classical evaporation model can map the reduced evaporation rates. Through infrared thermography and Particle Image Velocimetry, reduction of internal thermo-solutal circulation velocity for the droplet is noted when stimulated by the electric field, which is shown to directly affect the rate of evaporation. The effects of electrohydrodynamic advection, electro-thermal and electro-solutal convection on the evaporation behaviour is modelled by a scaling approach. The influence of dominant non-dimensional numbers, such as thermal Marangoni number, solutal Marangoni number, electro-Prandtl number, electro-Schmidt number, and the Electrohydrodynamic number, are quantified and discussed. Stability considerations reveal that the stable internal flow behaviour is retarded by the electric body force, with the reduction via the electro-solutal route being predominant, and the internal flow velocities being mapped well by the electro-solutal model. The findings may hold implications in the domain of multiphase transport phenomena of complex fluids at micro and macroscales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of high subsonic sweeping jet external flow characteristics and velocity using schlieren visualization and schlieren image velocimetry method","authors":"Bozhen Lai ,&nbsp;Hezhou Li ,&nbsp;Shiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qin John Xu ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Song ,&nbsp;Yingzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant research gap exists in understanding the external flow mechanisms of sweeping jets (SWJs) in high subsonic condition and their application in active flow control (AFC). This study aims to address this gap by investigating the external flow characteristics and velocity of high subsonic SWJs using schlieren visualization and schlieren image velocimetry (SIV). Schlieren visualization of SWJs under subsonic condition is achieved by heating the air, using two proportionally scaled sweeping jet actuators (SJAs) with throat widths of <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> = 2 mm and 3 mm. The results revealed that increasing the throat width led to more pronounced flow structures and stronger acoustic waves. Additionally, the sweeping angle (SA) was observed to initially increases and then decreases with inlet pressure (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>, 0–0.2 MPa) and outlet Mach number (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Ma</mi></mrow><mtext>outlet</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> &lt; 1). Frequency analysis showed a rapid increase followed by a gradual increase in the oscillation frequency of SWJ with increasing <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Ma</mi></mrow><mtext>outlet</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>. The external velocity field of SWJs from an SJA with a throat width of <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> = 3 mm was calculated using the SIV method. Instantaneous velocity field analysis demonstrated that the SIV method effectively captured the SWJ velocity. The trends in SA and oscillation frequency extracted from the velocity field were consistent with those obtained from schlieren images. Higher outlet temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) led to a higher oscillation frequency. Additionally, it was conjectured that increased SA and oscillation frequency led to greater energy loss, resulting in reduced outflow velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using flammable gas characteristics to evaluate spontaneous flame instability in gas explosions","authors":"Yuki Yoshiyama,&nbsp;Toshio Mogi,&nbsp;Ritsu Dobashi","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the behavior of flame propagation is necessary to assess the precise risk of gas explosions. However, due to the two types of spontaneous instability, diffusive-thermal instability and Darrieus-Landau (DL) instability, no one can fully explain the mechanism and what affects the instabilities. To investigate these instabilities, especially DL instability, propane, methane, and acetylene were used to restrain the effect of diffusive-thermal instability. As a result, propane-air and methane-air mixtures showed that experiments with lower Lewis numbers reached higher dimensionless flame velocities more quickly. In contrast, acetylene-air mixtures showed that experiments with higher Lewis numbers and higher expansion ratios were disturbed from the earlier phase. From these results, we concluded that lower Lewis numbers led to diffusive-thermal instability, which was then enhanced by DL instability in propane-air and methane-air mixtures, despite higher burning velocities. In contrast, acetylene-air mixtures are strongly affected by DL instability and the expansion ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental measurement of temperature and H2O concentration distribution in particle-free flames using water vapor integrated spectral band emission","authors":"Yong Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Chun Lou ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of efficient and clean combustion technologies, particle-free flames become common, and their temperature and species concentration distributions are very useful for understanding the flame structure and optimizing combustion conditions. In this study, the integrated spectral band ratio (ISBR) method is applied to measure the temperature and H₂O concentration distributions in four laminar diffusion particle-free flames of oxy-combustion. In the experiments, the measurement of radiative intensity data with high spatial and spectral resolution is performed by an optical system consisting of a Gülder burner, a portable spectrometer and a translation stage. The integrated spectral emissions in two optimized bands near 1.5 μm are obtained and used to reconstruct the radial temperature and H₂O volume fraction distributions of the flame cross-sections. The reconstructed results well reproduced the combustion structure of diffusion flames, and the calculated spectra using the reconstructed results are in good agreement with the measured spectra. The reconstructed results are also compared with simulation results by CoFlame code. The profiles of temperature and H₂O volume fraction distributions are consistent with each other, and the biggest difference of peak flame temperatures is about 50 K. The comparisons indicate that the measured radial temperature and H₂O volume fraction results have good accuracy. Path-averaged results measured by the spectrometer are also reported and compared with the radial reconstructed results. The result profiles have obvious difference, and the peak temperature is significantly underestimated in the path-averaged results with the biggest difference of 133 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}