Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on the effects of transverse standing wave frequency and amplitude on oscillation and mode transition of partially premixed flame","authors":"Yue Lou ,&nbsp;Shoujun Ren ,&nbsp;Yikai Li ,&nbsp;Ziming Yang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiajia Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reasonable matching of the acoustic and the combustion field can effectively boost burner power density. This study investigates the oscillation modes of the flame and the mechanism of mode transition under periodic acoustic excitation at different frequencies and amplitudes. Visualize the reaction zone by capturing OH* chemiluminescence images with a 307.15 nm filter and an ICCD camera. The intensity fluctuation of OH* and modal transitions of flame are analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) methods. The results show that flame disturbances from transverse standing waves depend on both the strength and duration of the acoustic field. A displacement oscillation factor (<em>p</em>*/<em>St</em>²) is used to describe how the acoustic field affects the flame front. When <em>p</em>*/<em>St</em>2 is low, the acoustic field causes small-amplitude transverse symmetrical oscillations at the flame’s edges. As <em>p</em>*/<em>St</em>² increases, vertical oscillations appear at the flame head, and the oscillation frequency of the flame matches the excitation frequency. High-intensity OH* chemiluminescence region is observed near the oscillation center. When <em>p</em>*/<em>St</em>² is excessive, the acoustic excitation creates macro flow that causes the flame into transverse oscillation, causing local blowout, periodic disruption, and a decrease in OH* intensity. The flame heat release intensity, indicated by OH* brightness, peaks near the condition of flame mode transitions from vertical to transverse oscillation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the side ratio and main longitudinal beam shape on vortex-induced vibration and aerodynamic force characteristics of Π-shaped composite girders","authors":"Kaiwen Li ,&nbsp;Yifei Sun ,&nbsp;Qingkuan Liu ,&nbsp;Binxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Qingcai Wang ,&nbsp;Heng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Π-shaped composite girders in long-span bridges are prone to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). Therefore, it is important to study their VIV characteristics and corresponding countermeasures. In the present study, the effects of the side ratio (<em>B</em>/<em>H</em> = 7.00–14.00, where <em>B</em> and <em>H</em> represent the width and height of the girder, respectively), the bottom plate width of the main longitudinal beam (<em>b</em> = 0.30<em>H</em>–1.50<em>H</em>), and the inclination angle (<em>β</em> = -20°–30°) on VIVs, aerodynamic characteristics, and flow patterns were comprehensively compared. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying VIV suppression were preliminarily explored. The results indicate that the side ratio and the shape of the main longitudinal beam of the Π-shaped composite girder significantly affect the VIVs. However, the influence patterns differ and are highly related to the wind attack angle and vibration mode (vertical and torsional). The distribution patterns and values of the mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients on the upper and lower surfaces of the Π-shaped composite girder are different. These are notably influenced by the side ratio and <em>β</em> but are almost unaffected by <em>b</em>. VIVs are typically suppressed when the surface pressure frequency distribution becomes scattered and the pressure amplitude spectrum shows no distinct dominant frequency. Additionally, A reduction in the size of surface vortices is beneficial for controlling vertical VIVs. However, when the vortices are concentrated at the front of the model, they will induce torsional VIV. Within the studied parameter range, the optimal parameter combination for suppressing VIVs is <em>B</em>/<em>H</em> = 10.00, <em>b</em> ≥ 1.00<em>H</em>, and <em>β</em> = 10°. In general, practical engineering applications should consider specific conditions, such as the characteristics of the incoming flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of a passive flow control structure within a turbulent boundary layer using particle image velocimetry","authors":"Tyler Moore,&nbsp;Wen Wu,&nbsp;Taiho Yeom","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, turbulent statistics over a novel additive surface structure are explored within turbulent channel flow at friction Reynolds number <em>Re</em>_τ ≈ 380. Experimental data is gathered in a purpose-built 3D-printed wind channel which allows for 2D Particle Image Velocimetry. The Multi Jet Fusion 3D-printed additive structure, consisting of two side walls and a top wall, is analyzed for its flow control capabilities. Potential desirable flow control outputs include localized flow acceleration, deceleration, and vortex generation. The proposed structure is configurable by manipulating the structure’s height and the angle of attack of the side and top walls. Heights of 3, 4, 6, and 7 mm of the structure are investigated, ranging from 12 %−25 % of the boundary layer thickness. All observed structure heights fall within the log-law region of the flow. Discussed structures include default, diffuser, and nozzle-type geometries, defined by different angles of attack of the three control walls. Instantaneous and time-averaged ensemble data are collected. Manipulations to velocity, Reynolds stresses, and turbulence kinetic energy are discussed. Results show that for 6 mm and 7 mm height surface structures, a default structure geometry produces localized near-wall flow acceleration without significantly perturbing free-stream flow. Further, nozzle geometries produce slight free-stream flow deceleration while diffuser geometries produce slight free-stream flow acceleration. Diffuser geometries produce three downstream regions of noteworthy turbulence energy production. Nozzle geometries produce a large region of intense turbulence energy production over the structure’s top wall. Additionally, certain 6 mm height structure geometries impact turbulence statistics more than 7 mm height structures. Recommendations are made for future study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the chamfered-corner ratio on the characteristics of the wake behind a square and a 2:1 rectangular section model: PIV measurements and POD analysis","authors":"Chin-Chen Chou,&nbsp;Kuan-Zu Lee,&nbsp;Cheng-Yang Chung,&nbsp;Kung-Ming Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corner-chamfering influences flow characteristics around a 2-dimensional prism to mitigate wind load and wind-induced responses; the side ratio is also an important parameter. This study determines the effect of a corner chamfer on the wake from a 2-dimensional prism (<em>B/D</em> = 1) and a rectangular cross-sectional model for which <em>B/D</em> = 2, where <em>B</em> is the width and <em>D</em> is the height. The effect of the chamfer ratio (<em>C/D</em>, where <em>C</em> represents the length of the chamfer corner) on the leading edge of a models is determined in terms of flow characteristics. The wake strength and the structural integrity of the model are also affected by the chamfer corner ratio.</div><div>Velocity and vortex fields are created using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements in a wind tunnel for <em>Re</em> = 1.05 × 10⁴. The results show that the mean and the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity coefficients and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in wake region are affected by the value of <em>C/D</em>. The Strouhal number (<em>St</em>) increases as the value of <em>C/D</em> increases for a model for which <em>B/D</em> = 2. The formation length (<em>L_F</em>) increases for a model for which <em>B/D</em> is 1 if corners are chamfered and <em>L_F</em> decreases for a model for which <em>B/D</em> is 2. Chamfered corners can increase vortex shedding frequency for a model for which <em>B/D</em> is 1 and 2.</div><div>The velocity component is the input data for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). POD mode analysis shows that, for a model for which <em>B/D</em> = 1, the energy of the dominant modes increases with <em>C/D</em> but for a model for which <em>B/D</em> = 2, the energy of the dominant modes decreases as <em>C/D</em> increases. The distribution of temporal coefficients (<span><math><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>) for a model for which <em>B/D</em> = 1 that has no chamfered corners resembles a sine wave, which is more stable than the distribution for a model with chamfered corners. As <em>C/D</em> increases, the distribution for <em>a₁</em> and <em>a₂</em> for a model for which <em>B/D</em> = 2 gradually become stable, so vortex shedding is symmetrical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of free-surface vortex evolution and its impact on hydraulic stability of the pump sump","authors":"Bowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Ma ,&nbsp;Li Cheng ,&nbsp;Baoshan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yonglin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free-surface vortices (FSVs) and their associated air entrainment can induce unstable flow within the sump, thereby impacting hydraulic systems’ efficiency and operational safety. An experiment studied how the submergence depth of a bellmouth affects the spatiotemporal evolution and pressure fluctuation characteristics of an FSV, using high-speed visualization and transient pressure measurements on a transparent hydraulic platform with an axial-flow pump. The results indicate that FSV evolution has four stages: newborn (stage 1), development (stage 2), fully-developed (stage 3) and dissipation (stage 4). Shorter submergence depths lead to quicker evolution periods and distinct FSV morphologies. The scale characteristics of FSV were quantitatively elucidated using the grayscale value extraction method. As the submergence depth increases, the scale of the vortex core gradually expands, and the precursor point for FSV occurrence gradually deviates from the bellmouth. Time-domain characteristics induced by FSV exhibit short-term pressure distortion, with amplitude increasing as the submergence depth decreases, especially at the minimum submergence depth. The frequency spectrum station with FSV is higher than without FSV, and the frequency bandwidth where the blade’s passing frequency is narrower, reducing harmonic energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of lean blow-out on bluff-body stabilized flames using simultaneous OH/kerosene-PLIF measurements in partially vapourised kerosene","authors":"Guohua Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Jiangbo Peng ,&nbsp;Chaobo Yang ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Zhen Cao ,&nbsp;Yingjie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental investigation of the lean blow-out (LBO) on bluff-body stabilized flames in partially vapourised kerosene was conducted using simultaneous hydroxyl (OH)/kerosene- planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurement technique. By comparing with kerosene-PLIF, interference fluorescence in OH-PLIF was eliminated. The results indicated that as the LBO was approached, the OH-PLIF region gradually decreased, and the flame transitioned from cylindrical to conical shape. Beyond Z=1.5D, the intensity of kerosene-PLIF gradually decreased. Furthermore, as the LBO was approached, the flame surface moved towards the recirculation zone (RZ), and the flame surface density (FSD) gradually decreased, indicating the significant role of RZ in the LBO process. Lastly, this study employs simultaneous kerosene-PLIF and OH-PLIF data for Simultaneous Dynamic Decomposition (SDD) analysis to extract the dominant frequencies and their corresponding spatial structures. The results indicate that as the LBO was approached, the dominant frequency of SDD gradually decreases. The spatial structure of kerosene-PLIF exhibits an alternating distribution of positive and negative oscillation intensities, while the spatial structure of OH-PLIF signals progressively concentrate in the RZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the effects of turbulence intensity on the aeroelastic stability of wind turbine airfoils","authors":"Yaya Jia ,&nbsp;Jiahao Lu ,&nbsp;Zonghan Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingkuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shanning Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trend toward larger wind turbines also makes the aeroelastic stability of ultra-long flexible blades more sensitive to environmental excitations such as turbulence intensity. Using a specialized airfoil designed for large wind turbines as the research subject, synchronized wind tunnel tests of vibration and pressure were performed to systematically study the effects of turbulence intensity on the aeroelastic stability of the airfoil and to explore its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that different values of incoming turbulence intensity had opposite effects on the aeroelastic response of the airfoil. Accordingly, the environment with different turbulence intensities was divided into zones: turbulence-promoting vibration zone, transition zone, and turbulence-suppressing vibration zone. In the turbulence-promoting vibration zone, the appearance from the leading-edge vortex triggered stall flutter in the airfoil, and the stall flutter was restricted to the specific wind speed scope. As the turbulence intensity increased, the wind speed scope for stall flutter advanced and expanded. In the transition zone, the airfoil’s torsional vibration characteristics became extremely complex, and four types of aeroelastic responses were observed: small amplitude random aeroelastic response, stall flutter, special dual-frequency vibration, and buffeting caused by turbulence excitation. In the turbulence-suppressing vibration zone, high turbulence intensity significantly suppressed the separation of the boundary layer at the airfoil’s suction surface, while only two types of aeroelastic responses were observed, corresponding to the first small amplitude random aeroelastic response and the fourth buffeting caused by turbulence excitation in the transition zone, with the amplitude of buffeting significantly smaller than that in the transition zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision and spreading behavior of rapid tin droplets on stainless-steel substrate surfaces under ultrasonic vibration","authors":"Xiwushan Wang ,&nbsp;Weiyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Baoqing Yang ,&nbsp;Shirong Zhu ,&nbsp;Fengfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Mingkang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying ultrasonic vibration in a novel droplet-based additive manufacturing method holds significant promise. This is attributed to the ability of ultrasonic vibration to alter the dynamic dynamics of droplets spreading on the underlying substrate, enhancing wetting. Our study focuses on the dynamic properties and wettability of tin droplets on a stainless-steel surface under ultrasonic vibration. We investigate changes in spreading diameter, wetting angles, and post-solidification macroscopic morphology. Findings demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration considerably promotes droplet spreading, reducing retraction, especially at higher material temperatures. During expansion, dynamic wetting angle oscillations occur. Post-solidification, the tin droplet surface exhibits a more consistent ripple pattern. At lower temperatures, ultrasonic wave-induced wettability enhancement is minimal, but at higher temperatures, it significantly boosts substrate wetting by tin droplets. This enhancement is attributed to ultrasonic vibration’s influence on droplet kinetic, surface, and adhesion energy, notably above the tin droplets’ melting point. Ultrasonic vibration, providing up to 60% of the initial energy, significantly aids droplet wetting and spreading. Our study elucidates the importance of ultrasonic waves in high-speed droplet processes, offering theoretical guidance for ultrasound-assisted droplet deposition methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 111447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Flow characteristics of dispersed two-phase flows in an 8 × 8 rod bundle” [Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 153 (2024), 111146]","authors":"Meng Yu ,&nbsp;Takashi Hibiki ,&nbsp;Naofumi Tsukamoto ,&nbsp;Shuichiro Miwa","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 111456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating at different zones on the airfoil: Experimental study on boundary layer flow and convection heat transfer scaling","authors":"Meijuan Dong ,&nbsp;Weimin Sang ,&nbsp;Guangjun Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For future wing layouts and delicate laminar-wing aircraft with full-surface anti-/de-icing requirements, electric heating technology offers the advantages of flexible heating positions, high thermal efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, in addition to achieving good protection, advanced anti-de-icing technology must also take into account the requirements of efficient aerodynamic design. To investigate the effects of different heating zones on heat transfer efficiency and flow pattern within the boundary layer of wing, 15 heating zones based on bus temperature control were constructed on the leading edge and upper surface of the NACA2412 standard airfoil model, and a wind tunnel test framework was built for the study of electro-thermal convection. This is because accurate quantification of the heat transfer efficiency and precise identification of the flow effects in the boundary layer, which are crucial for effective thermal management and satisfying aerodynamic design. Within the airfoil boundary layer, test results from four typical flow characterization zones were selected for elucidation, and the spatial distribution of velocity and temperature induced by each heating zone were quantitatively characterized. Subsequently, the convective heat transfer efficiency in each heat affected zone was demonstrated using convective heat resistance. The results show that: abrupt changes in the flow state of the boundary layer can have a significant truncation effect on the temperature distribution of the flow field, leading to significant differences in the heat diffusion and heat transfer efficiency in the influence aera; moderate heating before the boundary layer burst can effectively delay the end position of the transition; and the temperature boundary layer conditions show a bimodal peak after localized heating in the airfoil. The experimental data elucidate the effects of heating at different zones on the airfoil boundary, and this work contributes to non-isothermal flow field simulation and anti-deicing design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 111445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}