Xiaogang Zhang, Shengnan Zhang, Zhaojie Jiang, Min Li, Haosen Shang, Fei Meng, W. Zhuang, Aimin Wang, Jingbiao Chen
{"title":"A transportable calcium atomic beam optical clock","authors":"Xiaogang Zhang, Shengnan Zhang, Zhaojie Jiang, Min Li, Haosen Shang, Fei Meng, W. Zhuang, Aimin Wang, Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563535","url":null,"abstract":"Achievement on atomic optical clock, which has reached to 10-18 level uncertainty, accelerates the research of the fundamental physics. But enormous volume size limits the application of optical clock outside the lab. Here, we report a transportable Calcium atomic beam optical clock with higher stability than general microwave clocks. In this system, we use the electron-shelving method to greatly improve the signal-to-noise of 657 nm signal. After locking, the stability of transportable Calcium atomic beam optical clock is 3.0 × 10-14 at 1 s and decreases to 2.9 × 10-15 at 200 s with continuous working time 11000 s by self-evaluation. Then we have used a 750 MHz repetition frequency optical frequency comb to transfer Calcium atomic beam optical clock frequency to microwave and compare with Hydrogen maser. The frequency stability of Calcium atomic beam optical clock versus hydrogen maser reaches to 1.62 × 10-12 at 1 s, which is close to the frequency stability of Hydrogen maser. The whole system is specially designed for robustness. Besides, a new full-sealed Calcium atomic beam vacuum system without flanges is constructed.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134629905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the blackbody radiation shift uncertainty for NRC's strontium ion clock","authors":"B. Jian, P. Dubé, A. Madej","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546713","url":null,"abstract":"We present recent progress on the evaluation of the blackbody radiation shift uncertainty for the strontium ion clock at the National Research Council Canada. The thermal radiation field of the ion trap components will be characterized by utilizing an infrared camera which is currently under calibration. The measured results of the ion trap parts' temperature will be compared with a finite element simulation to extract the effective temperature experienced by the trapped ion when the trap is under normal operation. The blackbody radiation shift and its associated uncertainty will then be accurately evaluated, which eventually should bring the overall evaluated uncertainty of the strontium ion clock to the mHz level.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133669680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kubena, F. P. Stratton, L. Huang, R. Joyce, D. Kirby, D. Chang, Y. Yong
{"title":"Co-integration of a quartz OCXO and Si MEMS inertial sensors for improved navigational accuracy","authors":"R. Kubena, F. P. Stratton, L. Huang, R. Joyce, D. Kirby, D. Chang, Y. Yong","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563590","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip integration of quartz resonators with Si devices opens new opportunities for microsystem miniaturization and enhanced performance. In addition to integrating with electronics, the integration of piezoelectric quartz resonators with other sensors of different material composition is also possible. In this paper, we demonstrate that a VHF SC-cut quartz resonator can be integrated within a high-aspect-ratio Si disk gyro with on-chip heating for locally ovenizing both devices in the same wafer-level vacuum cavity. The SC-cut OCXO can be used to lock the frequency and temperature of the gyro to ≤ 2 ppb and ≤50 μK, respectively, for improved accuracy.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bowers, A. Beling, D. Blumenthal, A. Bluestone, S. Bowers, T. Briles, L. Chang, S. Diddams, G. Fish, H. Guo, T. Kippenberg, T. Komljenovic, E. Norberg, S. Papp, M. Pfeiffer, K. Srinivasan, L. Theogarajan, K. Vahala, N. Volet
{"title":"Chip-scale optical resonator enabled synthesizer (CORES) miniature systems for optical frequency synthesis","authors":"J. Bowers, A. Beling, D. Blumenthal, A. Bluestone, S. Bowers, T. Briles, L. Chang, S. Diddams, G. Fish, H. Guo, T. Kippenberg, T. Komljenovic, E. Norberg, S. Papp, M. Pfeiffer, K. Srinivasan, L. Theogarajan, K. Vahala, N. Volet","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546782","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for a low-power chip-scale package is described, that provides a laser output with a programmable frequency across 50 nm of bandwidth centered at 1550 nm, and a resolution of one part in 1014.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129396984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Square-extensional mode piezoelectric-on-silicon resonator for physical measurements of liquids","authors":"Abid Ali, Joshua E-Y Lee","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546823","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report a square-extensional (SE) mode MEMS resonator fabricated in piezoelectric thin film Aluminium Nitride (AlN) on Silicon technology. We demonstrate that the resonator can be used to perform physical measurements of various known organic liquids in addition to deionized water. It is well known that operating a MEMS resonator in liquid inevitably introduces viscous damping. The AlN provides strong electromechanical coupling using piezoelectric transduction, which in the SE mode results in a low insertion loss. We are able to achieve higher quality factors (Qs) using this vibration mode compared to out-of-plane modes. We have found that Qs can vary widely between values of 33 to 181 for different liquids used. Furthermore, we have found that the level of feedthrough for different liquids are linearly correlated with the dielectric properties of the different liquid samples measured. These promising results are beneficial for the detection of chemicals.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125595021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Jiun Huang, Wen-Hung Tseng, Shinn-Yan Lin, Sung-hoon Yang, M. Fujieda
{"title":"Introduction of software-defined receivers in two-way satellite time and frequency transfer","authors":"Yi-Jiun Huang, Wen-Hung Tseng, Shinn-Yan Lin, Sung-hoon Yang, M. Fujieda","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546714","url":null,"abstract":"The precision of two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is currently limited due to unstable measurement of the signal arrival time. To improve the TWSTFT precision without interrupting the main system, we introduce the software-defined receiver (SDR) to measure the arrival time of the code signal. The SDRs have been successfully installed among TL, NICT and KRISS, and time-difference results for more than 20 days were obtained and compared. From the results, the SDR has better precision and less diurnal, even when an earth station suffered from a bad condition.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129095994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal dynamics of cold atoms in 171Yb optical lattice clocks","authors":"Chengyin Han, Min Zhou, Xiaohang Zhang, Qi Gao, Yilin Xu, Peng Xu, Shangyang Li, Shuang Zhang, Xinye Xu","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7563584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7563584","url":null,"abstract":"The ultracold atoms served as quantum references is a key part of optical lattice clocks, and the thermal dynamics of the atoms in the optical lattice affects the uncertainty and stability of the lattice clocks. Since the carrier spectrum of clock transition in lattices reflects the thermal dynamics of cold atoms, we can obtain the temperature of atoms by measuring the carrier spectrum in 171Yb optical lattice clocks. Furthermore we find that the temperatures obtained from the carrier spectra are in a good agreement with the results obtained by using methods of time-of-flight and thermometry based on sideband spectrum. In addition, we study the heating effects caused by the lattice laser in ytterbium optical lattice clocks.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129647483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of the timing and filtering technologies in smartphones","authors":"C. S. Lam","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546724","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of the smartphone market especially in supporting LTE (Long Term Evolution) to meet continuous demand for more and faster data transfer has drawn interest from many who want to know how timing and filtering components are used in smartphones to support the crowded spectrum and their future market opportunities. Known to many, the timing and filtering functions in smartphones have been diligently supported for many years by some “physically moving” electromechanical components based on piezoelectric materials-quartz-based crystal, lithium tantalate- and lithium niobate-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) RF filter, and aluminum nitride-based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) RF filter. This paper reviews the current timing and filtering technologies in smartphones and discusses the possible trends.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123023883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The study of second-order Zeeman shift of the cesium fountain clock NTSC-F1","authors":"Xinliang Wang, Jun Ruan, Dandan Liu, Yong Guan, Junru Shi, Hui Zhang, Rui Lin, Jiang Chen, Fengxiang Yu, Tao Liu, Shougang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546817","url":null,"abstract":"The second-order Zeeman shift is dominant frequency correction in cesium fountain primary frequency standard. That is evaluated based on the magnetic field distribution along atom clouds trajectory by tracking the center fringe of | F=3, mF=1>-| F=4, mF=1> transition. The correction of the second-order Zeeman shift could be calculated by Breit-Rabi formula. In the beginning of the fountain clock's operation, we could not observe the Ramsey fringes of | F=3, mF=1>-| F=4, mF=1> transition because of significant inhomogenous magnetic field. In this paper, we firstly measured the magnetic field distribution above the resonant cavity in the range of 45 cm by applying the low-frequency transition method, and to improve the flatten of magnetic map by adjusting the current of the C field coil and compensation coils. Then we evaluated the second-order Zeeman shift using the frequency of | F=3, mF=1>-| F=4, mF=1> transition. The experimental results show that the magnetic field distribution obtained by the low-frequency transition and Ramsey transition are basically the same. The second-order Zeeman shift of the C field is 54.7×10-15, and the uncertainty is 10-19 caused by the inhomogeneous C field, the uncertainty of the time-varying C field is 1.4×10-16 in 15 days.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115696984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of AM-to-PM conversion in a quartz-MEMS resonator","authors":"A. Hati, C. Nelson, D. Howe","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2016.7546804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2016.7546804","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the new aspects of the nonlinear response in a quartz-MEMS resonator at 635 MHz. We characterize its major cause of AM-to-PM conversion as a function of power and drive frequency; this is important in developing noise compensation schemes.","PeriodicalId":122928,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115947827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}