Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Synthetic colourants in capsule dietary supplements on the Korean market. 韩国市场上的胶囊膳食补充剂中含有合成色素。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2158495
Do-Yeon Lee, Seongho Lee, Kwang-Geun Lee
{"title":"Synthetic colourants in capsule dietary supplements on the Korean market.","authors":"Do-Yeon Lee,&nbsp;Seongho Lee,&nbsp;Kwang-Geun Lee","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2022.2158495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2022.2158495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a rapid and easy analytical method for the simultaneous determination of nine synthetic colourants (SCs) in capsule dietary supplements. Sample pretreatment involved thermal treatment to dissolve gelatin, using the enzymes protease and amylase to prevent the gelation of gelatin and fat-soluble substances removal using petroleum ether. The method was linear (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> ≥0.999), with LOD of 0.009-0.029 μg/mL and LOQ of 0.42-1.40 μg/g. Recovery ranged from 90.9 to 108.9%. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty ranged from 4.1 to 6.3%. Allura Red AC (R40) and Brilliant Blue FCF (B1) were commonly detected in 20 of the 28 samples. Up to six SCs such as Tartrazine (Y4), Sunset yellow (Y5), Amaranth (R2), Erythrosine B (R3), R40 and B1 were detected in a single sample, ranging from 30.5 to 40.2 μg/g. Total content of SCs in various capsule supplements ranged from 0.3 to 73.7 μg/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9411452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pesticide residues in rice planted in South and Southwest China. 中国南方和西南种植水稻的农药残留。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2191344
Guiquan Chen, Long Shi, Jiancong Wang, Siqi Zhu, Jialian Sheng, Xiaoyun Yang, Hanhong Xu
{"title":"Pesticide residues in rice planted in South and Southwest China.","authors":"Guiquan Chen,&nbsp;Long Shi,&nbsp;Jiancong Wang,&nbsp;Siqi Zhu,&nbsp;Jialian Sheng,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Yang,&nbsp;Hanhong Xu","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2191344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2191344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019 and 2020, 70 paddy and 70 brown rice samples were collected from South China and Southwest China, wherein the residues of 15 target pesticides were investigated. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the simultaneous detection of 15 pesticides, which achieved good linear relationship with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.10-4.00 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) were satisfied for the pesticide residues detection. Analysis results showed that the detection rates of 15 typical pesticides in paddy and brown rice were 0%-12.9% and 0%-1.4%, respectively. None of the 15 pesticides exceed their maximum residue limit (MRL) stipulated by China. The pesticide with the highest detection rate and concentration was chlorpyrifos. This study can provide data support for the control of pesticide residues in rice and the realisation of the improving the efficiency of pesticide and fertiliser while reducing their application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Brazilian barley destined for brewing. 用于酿造的巴西大麦中的脱氧雪腐菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2151046
Caio H T Iwase, Karim C Piacentini, Nathália C C Silva, Ana Paula Rebellato, Liliana O Rocha
{"title":"Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Brazilian barley destined for brewing.","authors":"Caio H T Iwase,&nbsp;Karim C Piacentini,&nbsp;Nathália C C Silva,&nbsp;Ana Paula Rebellato,&nbsp;Liliana O Rocha","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2022.2151046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2022.2151046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barley is an important cereal worldwide. However, fungal contamination during pre and postharvest is a recurrent problem for barley production, causing a direct impact on the quality of the grains and their by-products due to spoilage and mycotoxin accumulation. The <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> species complex is the main contaminant during preharvest and some species can produce deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, important mycotoxins that represent a risk to human and animal health. This study evaluated the fungal diversity and the levels of DON and ZEN in barley grains produced in Brazil. The results showed high frequency (60%) of <i>Fusarium</i>contamination in barley grains. Additionally, mycotoxin levels ranged from 46 to 2074 µg/kg for DON and from 74 to 556 µg/kg for ZEN. Co-occurrence of DON and ZEN was observed in 40% of the samples and 30% of barley samples had DON and ZEN levels higher than the maximum levels established by Brazilian and European legislations.   .</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
N-nitrosamines in Qingdao dried aquatic products and dietary risk assessment. 青岛干水产品中n -亚硝胺含量及膳食风险评价
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2177355
Shuangyu Wang, Fenglin Sun, Shuhui Wang, Xiaojing Lv, Jinquan Zhao, Jie Wang, Weisen Yu, Hongwei Yu
{"title":"N-nitrosamines in Qingdao dried aquatic products and dietary risk assessment.","authors":"Shuangyu Wang,&nbsp;Fenglin Sun,&nbsp;Shuhui Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Lv,&nbsp;Jinquan Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Weisen Yu,&nbsp;Hongwei Yu","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2177355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2177355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-nitrosamines are human carcinogens commonly present in dried aquatic products. A method of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry combined with steam distillation was developed for the determination of 9 N-nitrosamines in dried aquatic products in Qingdao, China, with which 300 samples of fish, squid, shrimp and sea cucumber collected from Qingdao were analysed. A health risk assessment was conducted based on determined levels of N-nitrosamines by using estimated daily intake and slope factors. Results showed that fish products was the category with the highest content of N-nitrosamines, whereas squid and shrimp products were the categories with the highest frequency of presence of N-nitrosamines. The average estimated cancer risk of N-nitrosamines in dried aquatic products in Qingdao ranged from 3.57 × 10<sup>-8</sup> to 3.53 × 10<sup>-5</sup>. Nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitrosodiethylamine and N-Nitrosodibutylamine could be considered to pose a potential cancer risk to residents in Qingdao.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9360373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Determination, exposure and risk assessment of PAHs in natural vitamin E isolated from vegetable oil industry. 植物油工业天然维生素E中多环芳烃的测定、暴露及风险评估。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2182833
Guangyi Gong, Shimin Wu
{"title":"Determination, exposure and risk assessment of PAHs in natural vitamin E isolated from vegetable oil industry.","authors":"Guangyi Gong,&nbsp;Shimin Wu","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2182833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2182833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural vitamin E, which is mainly extracted from vegetable oil deodoriser distillate (VODD), is likely contaminated by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A total of 26 commercial vitamin E products from six countries were investigated for 16 EPA PAHs using QuEChERS combined with gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS). The concentrations of total PAHs in the samples ranged from 46.5 μg kg<sup>-1</sup> to 215 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>, while the concentrations of PAH4 (BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP) ranged from 4.43 μg kg<sup>-1</sup> to 20.1 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Risk assessment indicates that maximum intake of PAHs is 0.2 mg day<sup>-1</sup>, which is less than the LD<sub>50</sub> and no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of PAHs. However, chronic carcinogenicity of PAHs needs to be considered. The results suggested that PAH concentrations as well as toxicity equivalent should be considered as important indicator of risk of vitamin E products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"130-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9354636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in fresh vegetables and vegetable products intended for human consumption in the Republic of Serbia, 2015-2017. 2015-2017年塞尔维亚共和国供人食用的新鲜蔬菜和蔬菜产品中的镉、铅、汞和砷
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2169359
Milana Lazović, Vladimir Tomović, Ivana Vasiljević, Isidora Kecojević, Mila Tomović, Aleksandra Martinović, Tanja Žugić Petrović, Bojana Danilović, Dragan Vujadinović, Igor Tomašević, Milenko Smiljanić, Vesna Đorđević
{"title":"Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in fresh vegetables and vegetable products intended for human consumption in the Republic of Serbia, 2015-2017.","authors":"Milana Lazović,&nbsp;Vladimir Tomović,&nbsp;Ivana Vasiljević,&nbsp;Isidora Kecojević,&nbsp;Mila Tomović,&nbsp;Aleksandra Martinović,&nbsp;Tanja Žugić Petrović,&nbsp;Bojana Danilović,&nbsp;Dragan Vujadinović,&nbsp;Igor Tomašević,&nbsp;Milenko Smiljanić,&nbsp;Vesna Đorđević","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2169359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2169359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were determined in 455 samples of 27 species of vegetables and 28 different processed vegetables collected during the period from January 2015 to December 2017. Vegetables (n = 387) and vegetable products (n = 68) originated from 31 countries, including Serbia. The samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the vegetables and vegetable products were compared to the maximum levels set by the European Union and the Serbian legislation. The concentration of mercury was less than the limit of detection in each analysed sample. One or multiple measurable toxic metals (Cd, Pb and/or As) were found in 250 samples (54.9%; n = 455). According to the Regulations which were valid until the end of August 2021, the maximum levels of Cd, Pb and As were exceeded in 19 samples (4.2% of the samples of vegetable and vegetable products; n = 455), i.e. in 13 samples of vegetables: Cd in three, Pb in nine and As in one sample and in 6 samples of vegetables products: Cd in three, Pb in one and As in two samples. Regarding the new EU and Serbian legislation which is valid since September 2021 the maximum levels of Cd and Pb for vegetables and vegetable products were exceeded in 118 samples (25.9% of the samples of vegetable and vegetable products; n = 455), i.e. in 95 samples of vegetables: Cd in 67 and Pb in 28 samples and in 23 samples of vegetable products: Cd in 20 and Pb in 3 samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"102-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PFAS, bisphenol, and paraben in Malaysian food and estimated dietary intake. 马来西亚食物中的PFAS、双酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯及估计膳食摄入量。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2188611
Didi Erwandi Mohamad Haron, Minoru Yoneda, Emmy Dayana Ahmad, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz
{"title":"PFAS, bisphenol, and paraben in Malaysian food and estimated dietary intake.","authors":"Didi Erwandi Mohamad Haron,&nbsp;Minoru Yoneda,&nbsp;Emmy Dayana Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2188611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2188611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenols, and parabens are used in food packaging or as preservatives and their unintended consumption has been associated with cancer and other diseases. Food EDCs data are scarce in Malaysia. Thus, liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilised to analyse 18 EDCs from different food categories. Bisphenol was the most abundant EDC found, followed by PFAS and paraben. Bisphenol levels in canned foods, dairy products, canned drinks, fruits, and vegetables ranged from 1.16 to 183 ng/g. PFAS was found in almost every food category, with canned foods having the highest concentrations (0.18-34.5 ng/g). Only canned foods, fruits, and vegetables contained parabens, with mean concentrations ranging from 0.27 to 26.7 ng/g. PFOS, PFBA, PFHQA and bisphenol A all had hazard quotients (HQ) above 1, indicating that they can pose a risk to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"161-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9724770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A survey of toxic elements in ready to eat baby foods in the US market 2021. 2021年美国即食婴儿食品中有毒元素的调查。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2146209
Patrick J Gray
{"title":"A survey of toxic elements in ready to eat baby foods in the US market 2021.","authors":"Patrick J Gray","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2022.2146209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2022.2146209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A non-targeted convenience survey was conducted in 2021 to estimate the range of total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations in ready-to-eat baby foods. Four hundred samples were purchased both online and in brick-and-mortar retail. Samples included both organic and non-organic products, packaged in glass or plastic jars and foil or plastic pouches. Samples were analysed by acid assisted microwave digestion and ICP-MS with an emphasis on ultra-low detection limits. Limits of quantification were 2.26, 1.31, 0.72, and 3.14 µg/kg (ppb) for As, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. The median concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in tested products were 2.60, 1.81, 0.09, and 1.38 µg/kg, respectively. Foods containing rice were more likely to contain arsenic. Foods with leafy greens, such as spinach and kale, were more likely to contain cadmium and foods with root vegetables had the highest concentrations of lead.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Biogenic amines and volatile N-nitrosamines in Chinese smoked-cured bacon (Larou) from industrial and artisanal origins. 工业和手工熏肉中的生物胺和挥发性n -亚硝胺。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2186489
Dawei Li, Wangang Zhang
{"title":"Biogenic amines and volatile <i>N</i>-nitrosamines in Chinese smoked-cured bacon (Larou) from industrial and artisanal origins.","authors":"Dawei Li,&nbsp;Wangang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2023.2186489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2186489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare biogenic amines (BAs), volatile <i>N-</i>nitrosamines (VNAs) and chemical properties of Chinese smoked-cured bacon (Larou) from industrial and artisanal sources. The results indicated that nitrite residues were low in artisanal Larou, whereas the salt content was relatively high in all samples. The family-made Larou accumulated high levels of BAs and probably present a health risk. Additionally, phenylethylamine exceeded 30 mg/kg in 4 out of 5 industrial Larou samples, whereas, 9 VNAs concentrations were low and unlikely to induce adverse health effects on consumers. Principal component analysis revealed that the industrial Larou products had similar safety properties in terms of BAs and VNAs content when compared to the family-made samples. Correlation analysis indicated that BAs and VNAs were significantly correlated with free amino acids, <i>a</i><sub><i>w</i></sub>, pH and NaCl, respectively. This study suggests that the quality of Larou needs to be further improved by reducing salt and BAs content.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 2","pages":"143-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9418152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Correction. 修正。
IF 2.9 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2141813
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2022.2141813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2022.2141813","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":"16 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信