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Histamine and biogenic amines in Vietnamese traditional fish sauce by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 亲水作用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定越南传统鱼露中的组胺和生物胺。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2475924
Diu Thi Pham, Adam Salifu, Hong Thi Nguyen, Phương Anh Nguyen Thi, Duong Vu-Tuan, Thuy An Nguyen-Thi, Mai Huong Tran-Thi, Phuong-Thao Phan-Thi, Hien Thu Dao, Van-Hoi Bui, Hoang-Anh Nguyen, Dinh Binh Chu
{"title":"Histamine and biogenic amines in Vietnamese traditional fish sauce by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Diu Thi Pham, Adam Salifu, Hong Thi Nguyen, Phương Anh Nguyen Thi, Duong Vu-Tuan, Thuy An Nguyen-Thi, Mai Huong Tran-Thi, Phuong-Thao Phan-Thi, Hien Thu Dao, Van-Hoi Bui, Hoang-Anh Nguyen, Dinh Binh Chu","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2475924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2475924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A straightforward method for the determination of histamine and other biogenic amines in Vietnamese traditional fish sauce was developed, avoiding a time-consuming derivatisation step. This resulted in the application of hydrophilic interaction in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). The characteristics of the analytical method, such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), repeatability, stability, and matrix effects were systematically investigated. The validated method was successfully applied to analyse 8 biogenic amines in 15 Vietnamese traditional fish sauce samples, as well as 10 broth samples directly collected from the fermentation tanks. Among the eight investigated biogenic amines, histamine was found in all analysed samples, in some at high levels. However, in traditional fish sauce samples collected from supermarkets histamine levels were lower than the maximum level as set by European Union regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic products from Shandong, China. 山东水产品中的多氯联苯。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2450802
Yifan Xu, Yang Wang, Aiqing Yang, Feng Cui, Xintong Tan, Liu Yang, Shunshuai Liu, Tingting Liu, Qian Zhang, Xinyu Zhang
{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic products from Shandong, China.","authors":"Yifan Xu, Yang Wang, Aiqing Yang, Feng Cui, Xintong Tan, Liu Yang, Shunshuai Liu, Tingting Liu, Qian Zhang, Xinyu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2450802","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2450802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PCBs were analysed in 110 samples, including marine fish, freshwater fish and marine bivalves. The levels of ∑<sub>7</sub>PCBs in marine fish ranged from 0.18 to 5.59 ng g<sup>-1</sup> wet weight (ww), in freshwater fish from 0.10 to 1.19 ng g<sup>-1</sup> ww and in marine bivalves from 0.07 to 5.59 ng g<sup>-1</sup> ww. The highest level of PCBs was found in <i>Scomberomorus niphonius</i>. In marine fish, freshwater fish and marine bivalves, the most abundant compounds were Hexa-CBs, Tri-CBs and Hexa-CBs, respectively. PCBs were distributed in a species-specific manner in aquatic products. None of the aquatic product samples analysed exceeded the limit for ∑<sub>7</sub>PCBs set by China or the limit established by the European Union.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heavy metal contamination in some commercial marine fishes of Pakistan. 巴基斯坦一些商业海洋鱼类的重金属污染。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2457046
Sania Riaz, Muhammad Javed Khan, Iqra Rani, Asad Ali, Muhammad Asghar Qazi, Mehnoor Sameer, Khadija, Nimra Hussain, Shahid Sherzada
{"title":"Heavy metal contamination in some commercial marine fishes of Pakistan.","authors":"Sania Riaz, Muhammad Javed Khan, Iqra Rani, Asad Ali, Muhammad Asghar Qazi, Mehnoor Sameer, Khadija, Nimra Hussain, Shahid Sherzada","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457046","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharge, cargo handling, and untreated wastewater release, have led to significant heavy metal contamination along the Karachi coastline, posing risks to marine life and human health. Current study evaluated the health risks associated with consuming five fish species (<i>Trichiurus lepturus</i>, <i>Sillago sihama</i>, <i>Acanthopagrus arabicus</i>, <i>Otolithes cuvieri</i>, and <i>Nemipterus japonicus</i>) by analysing muscle tissues for arsenic, chromium, copper, and nickel accumulation. <i>Nemipterus japonicus</i> and <i>Otolithes cuvieri</i> exhibited hazard index (HI) values greater than 1, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risks to adults, particularly due to high arsenic levels. Other species were deemed safe for consumption. Present study emphasises the need for further investigation into contamination sources and recommends regular monitoring of heavy metal levels to mitigate health risks from fish consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nine high-intensity sweeteners in beverages in a single LC-MS/MS analysis. 饮料中9种高强度甜味剂的LC-MS/MS分析。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2446796
Ícaro G Nicoluci, Beatriz S da Silva, Patrícia A C Braga, Adriana P Arisseto-Bragotto
{"title":"Nine high-intensity sweeteners in beverages in a single LC-MS/MS analysis.","authors":"Ícaro G Nicoluci, Beatriz S da Silva, Patrícia A C Braga, Adriana P Arisseto-Bragotto","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2446796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2446796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing demand for reduced sugar or sugar-free products by consumers with chronic non-communicable diseases and individuals seeking weight control, foods and beverages with high-intensity sweeteners (HIS) tend to become more common in the market. Therefore, monitoring HIS concentrations added to industrialised products is an important issue. Thus, an analytical method using LC-MS/MS was established and validated in order to allow the simultaneous determination of nine of these compounds in beverages marketed in Brazil. HIS levels were determined in 132 commercial samples of beverages like nectar-type juices, powdered juices, and soft drinks. The results obtained during validation showed coefficients of variation (CV%) for precision lower than 14.9% and accuracies between 88.5% and 109.9%, with all samples below the maximum limits as set by the Brazilian legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycotoxins in preharvest, postharvest, and stored wheat grains collected from two climatic regions in Algeria. 从阿尔及利亚两个气候区收集的收获前、收获后和储存小麦谷物中的真菌毒素。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2463484
Hayat Khouni, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Tiziri Badji, Ahmed Al-Amiery, Noel Durand, Abdellah Zinedine, Samir Abbès, Amar Riba
{"title":"Mycotoxins in preharvest, postharvest, and stored wheat grains collected from two climatic regions in Algeria.","authors":"Hayat Khouni, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Tiziri Badji, Ahmed Al-Amiery, Noel Durand, Abdellah Zinedine, Samir Abbès, Amar Riba","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2463484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2463484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-mycotoxin analysis of 22 mycotoxins in 202 durum wheat samples collected in Algeria from 2019 to 2021 was performed by UHPLCMS/MS. Enniatins were present in 2 out of 45 wheat samples in the 2019 harvest, whereas in the harvest of 2020 37.6% of wheat samples were contaminated by ochratoxin A and/or beauvericin, deoxynivalenol (1076 µg/kg), fumonisin B1, enniatins, and zearalenone (most prevalent in 2020 and 2021 harvest). Mycotoxin contamination increased from 37.6% in 2020 to 55.2% in 2021 harvests. The most frequently observed mycotoxin co-occurrence was the combination of enniatin A1, enniatin B, and enniatin B1 (0.5-126 µg/kg) and DON (1307 µg/kg). AFB1 (0.4-2.6 µg/kg) was found in only one sample collected from the continental region. These results pointed to the necessity of frequent and regular wheat quality controls in order to better evaluate the risk regarding the Algerian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk assessment of antibiotic residues in raw cow's milk in Bangladesh. 孟加拉国生牛奶中抗生素残留风险评估。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2433945
Asma Rahman, Farhana Rinky, Afrina Rahman, Sharmin Nahar Mousume, Rajib Das, Tasnuva Sharmin, Mahadi Hasan Sohag, Md Latiful Bari
{"title":"Risk assessment of antibiotic residues in raw cow's milk in Bangladesh.","authors":"Asma Rahman, Farhana Rinky, Afrina Rahman, Sharmin Nahar Mousume, Rajib Das, Tasnuva Sharmin, Mahadi Hasan Sohag, Md Latiful Bari","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2433945","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2433945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the presence of residual levels of commonly utilised antibiotics, including oxytetracycline (tetracyclines), ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones), in milk samples. Fifty raw milk samples were collected from five farms in Keraniganj, Dhaka. A validated RP-HPLC method was applied to detect and quantify antibiotic residues, demonstrating good linearity with coefficients ranging from 0.999 to 1.0 in the concentration range of 1.25-15.00 µg/mL. The study revealed that oxytetracycline was detected in 90% of the samples, followed by levofloxacin (66%), enrofloxacin (64%), and ciprofloxacin (62%). One farm showed the highest antibiotic prevalence, with oxytetracycline in all samples and levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in 80% of the samples. About 30% of the oxytetracycline-positive samples exceeded the MRL, while none surpassed the MRL for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Calculated human health risks appeared to be low, but children might face potential risks due to prolonged exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential toxic elements in breakfast cereals in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区早餐谷物中潜在的有毒元素。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2457608
Hiran Sarwar Karim, Hemn Sleman Ali, Dyar Hassan Hama Kawani
{"title":"Potential toxic elements in breakfast cereals in the Kurdistan region, Iraq.","authors":"Hiran Sarwar Karim, Hemn Sleman Ali, Dyar Hassan Hama Kawani","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potential toxic elements are substances that can accumulate in foodstuffs and pose risks to human health even at low levels, or when their levels exceed safety thresholds. A total of 78 breakfast cereals were purchased from the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Their PTE levels were analysed and associated health risks were calculated. The levels of As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr ranged from 0.055 ± 0.02-0.12 ± 0.05 mg/kg, 0.024 ± 0.009-0.08 ± 0.03 mg/kg, 0.015 ± 0.003-0.12 ± 0.06 mg/kg, 1.93 ± 0.5-3.9 ± 0.1 mg/kg and 0.36 ± 0.02-0.84 ± 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. The PTE levels were mostly below the Codex Alimentarius maximum limits, except in 11 samples, which exceeded the limits for As, Cd and Pb. Risk assessment data of HQ and HI (below 1) showed no non-carcinogenic health risks for both adults and children. However, due to the high levels of As, Cd and Pb in some samples, continuous monitoring is advisable to ensure the constant quality of these products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nitroimidazoles in Albanian honey samples by LC-MS/MS analysis. LC-MS/MS分析阿尔巴尼亚蜂蜜样品中的硝基咪唑。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2457134
Ina Pasho, Kozeta Vaso, Landi Dardha
{"title":"Nitroimidazoles in Albanian honey samples by LC-MS/MS analysis.","authors":"Ina Pasho, Kozeta Vaso, Landi Dardha","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457134","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2457134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study employed QuEChERS extraction method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyse honey samples from Albania for nitroimidazole residues. This approach allowed for the detection of trace-level residues, achieving sensitivity in the parts per billion range. Out of the 45 honey samples analysed, 6 exceeded the European Union's safety limit of 1 µg/kg, with metronidazole (MNZ) and dimetridazole (DMZ) being the predominant contaminants. The findings highlight the public health risk posed by nitroimidazole residues, particularly in regions where honey is a widely consumed food product. In line with recent advances in the determination of veterinary drug residues, this study supports the need for enhanced regulatory frameworks and continuous monitoring to safeguard consumer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicines from local markets in Hyderabad, India, and associated health risks. 印度海得拉巴当地市场常见草药中的重金属污染及相关健康风险。
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2025.2471065
Vakdevi Validandi, Srinivasu Kurella, Sumitra Gorain, Yamuna Sagubandi, Ajantha Rudhra, Sri Kavya Deepika Annamanedi, Naveen Kumar Ramachandrappa, Sukesh Narayan Sinha
{"title":"Heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicines from local markets in Hyderabad, India, and associated health risks.","authors":"Vakdevi Validandi, Srinivasu Kurella, Sumitra Gorain, Yamuna Sagubandi, Ajantha Rudhra, Sri Kavya Deepika Annamanedi, Naveen Kumar Ramachandrappa, Sukesh Narayan Sinha","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2471065","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2025.2471065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal (HM) contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicines (<i>n</i> = 80), as determined by Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy, revealed that 10% of the samples contained at least one HM which exceeded the maximum limits of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The estimated daily intake of Cr was higher through the consumption of amla, brahmi, and lodhra bark, when compared to other HMs. The Hazard Quotient (1.8) and Hazard Index (2.3) exceeded 1 for brahmi consumption, suggesting potential non-carcinogenic health risks for the population. The Life Time Cancer Risk for brahmi was 2.95E-03, so above 10<sup>-4</sup>-10<sup>-6</sup>, which indicates a cancer risk to the population. Monte Carlo simulations for amla showed a skewed distribution, also suggesting its consumption to be a health risk. Therefore, proper management strategies and regular monitoring of herbal products are recommended to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines for the consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fumonisins in maize and its products from Dalian region, China, and risk assessment by deterministic and probabilistic approaches. 大连地区玉米及其制品中伏马菌素含量及其确定性和概率方法的风险评估
IF 2.5 3区 农林科学
Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2446799
Xiaoyun Song, Yue Song, Junjie Gu, Mei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Xiaonan Zheng, Lin Guo, Xiaoting Liu
{"title":"Fumonisins in maize and its products from Dalian region, China, and risk assessment by deterministic and probabilistic approaches.","authors":"Xiaoyun Song, Yue Song, Junjie Gu, Mei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Xiaonan Zheng, Lin Guo, Xiaoting Liu","doi":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2446799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19393210.2024.2446799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 76 samples of maize and its products were collected in 2022-2023 to estimate dietary exposure of fumonisins (FBs) in Dalian region, China. The identification of FBs was performed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The occurrences of FB<sub>1</sub>, FB<sub>2</sub>, FB<sub>3</sub>, FB<sub>1</sub> + FB<sub>2</sub> + FB<sub>3</sub> were 89.5%, 77.6%, 61.8%, and 61.8%, respectively, with mean concentrations ranging from 140 to 1332 μg/kg. No individual and cumulative health risks were found due to FBs dietary exposure, when considering the mean level. However, a deterministic analysis showed 95<sup>th</sup> and 99<sup>th</sup> exposures of FB<sub>1</sub> + FB<sub>2</sub> + FB<sub>3</sub> for children and adolescents were estimated to be 2.18 to 3.46 μg kg bw<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>, exceeding the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI) of 2 μg kg bw<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>. Probabilistic analysis showed the 99<sup>th</sup> exposures for all age groups were 2.06 to 3.08 μg kg bw<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>, exceeding the PMTDI. Establishment of MLs and systematic monitoring are needed to lower FBs dietary exposure and health risk in the Dalian region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12286,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance","volume":" ","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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