Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Training of pediatricians in pediatric gastroenterology. To the 35th anniversary of the Department of Pediatrics with Infectious Diseases in Children of the Faculty of Additional Professional Education of the N. I. Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University","authors":"L. A. Kharitonova, K. I. Grigoryev","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-215-7-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-215-7-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the results of the training of pediatricians in pediatric gastroenterology based on the experience of the Department of Pediatrics with Infectious Diseases in Children (Head of the Department - prof. L. A. Kharitonova) N. I. Pirogov’s Russian National Research University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The stages of development of the department are presented in detail. Since diseases of the digestive system have been and remain the main scientific direction of the work of the department staff, the issues of teaching gastroenterology and training both specialist doctors and pediatricians in this area influenced the goal-setting of the pedagogical process. Convincing evidence of the effectiveness of the rapid introduction of scientific and research achievements in practical health care. Fragments of the article highlight how, within the framework of training, joint medical work with organizations of health authorities in various regions of Russia, with which the department closely cooperates, they help spread knowledge. The prospects for the work of the department in the field of age-related non-infectious, infectious gastroenterology, biliary pathology and nutrition, further improvement of scientific and pedagogical activities, the quality of training of specialists in the field of pediatric gastroenterology are outlined. The article is dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the department.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular diseases: pathophysiological role of gut microbiota and new targets for treatment and prevention","authors":"K. Aitbaev, I. Murkamilov, Z. Murkamilova, V. V. Fomin, I. Kudaibergenova, T. Yusupova, F. Yusupov","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-201-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-201-208","url":null,"abstract":"Despite certain success achieved in therapy and prevention, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of death of the population worldwide. One of the main reasons for this is that the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis, a disease that underlies most clinical forms of CVD, have not been fully understood yet, and therapy based on well-known concepts of pathogenesis, including lipid, does not provide the desired results. In this regard, search and identification of new molecular targets and therapeutic approaches is an important objective of modern medical science. In this direction, a completely new metabolic pathway identified by researchers, that links lipid consumption, gut microbiota (GM) and development of atherosclerosis, deserves interest. Thus, for the first time it was shown that GM uses food choline, as well as carnitine (found in red meat) for synthesis of trimethylamine (TMA), which, in turn, is rapidly oxidized by liver flavin monooxidases (FMO) to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), that causes the development of atherosclerosis. Mechanisms of proatherogenic effect of TMAO, which, taken together, involve stimulation of inflow and suppression of outflow of cholesterol from the cell, have also been established. Another pathway of GM influence on the development or progression of atherosclerosis, that links the presence of bacterial infection and the degree of atherosclerosis development, has also been identified. It is believed that in this case, bacterial liposaccharides (LPS) interact with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), as a result of which LDL turn into atherogenic oxidized LDL. The article discusses possible therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerosis associated with both decreased production of TMAO and elimination of TMA from the intestines, and regulation of microbial metabolism (inhibition of microbial enzymes that produce TMA), as well as change in the structure of GM towards increase in the proportion of microorganisms beneficial to the human body (unable to produce TMA).","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of enzymatic disintegration of nutrients in the upper gastrointestinal tract","authors":"V. Aleynik, S. Babich","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-56-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-56-67","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to study the effect of salivary amylase on improving gastric protein digestion, as well as the effect of gastric protein hydrolysis on improving fat digestion. The work consisted of two parts, in the first part, in two series, the hydrolysis of proteins under the influence of gastric juice in the presence of starch and the effect of saliva amylase on the change in the total proteolytic activity of gastric juice when using substrates of a mixture of starch and proteins were investigated. In the second part of the work, the lipolytic activity of pancreatic juice with the studied proteins was studied in the presence and absence of bile. From the data obtained, it was found that the use of a mixture of starch with proteins helps to reduce the hydrolysis of proteins by gastric juice. The use of salivary amylase promotes an increase in protein hydrolysis by reducing the formation of starch-protein complexes that prevent the digestion of proteins by gastric juice. All the studied proteins, except gelatin, have an inhibitory effect on lipase in the pancreatic juice; the degree of inhibitory effect of each protein is expressed differently. It depends on their degree of digestion in gastric juice. Thus, the preliminary hydrolysis of proteins by pepsins in the stomach contributes not only to the further improvement of their hydrolysis under the influence of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice, but also to the hydrolysis of fats under the influence of pancreatic lipase. It is concluded that the sequence of nutrient breakdown by enzymes of saliva, stomach and pancreas is primarily aimed at enzymatic disintegration between polysaccharides and proteins, as well as proteins and fats, in order to reduce their interaction and the formation of physical complexes. Thus, secondarily, improve the digestibility of nutrients in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The conceptual assumption of enzymatic disintegration of nutrients in the upper gastrointestinal tract allows us to substantiate the existing sequence of initial digestion of polysaccharides by saliva, as well as the initial digestion of proteins by gastric juice.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of the development of inflammatory bowel diseases as a consequence of intestinal metabolic dysbiosis","authors":"L. V. Tarasova, Yu. V. Tsyganova, S. I. Pavlova, N. Y. Kucherova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-162-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-162-167","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the high relevance of the problem of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). First of all, attention is drawn to the annual increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Factors that can influence the development of IBD are assessed. A diagram of the pathogenetic cascade of dysbiotic disorders is presented, manifested by an increase in the blood serum of metabolic products of the intestinal microflora, microvascular, metabolic and immune changes leading to the triggering of inflammation in the intestinal wall.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"91 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of multifocal atherosclerosis complicated by acute myocardial infarction in a young woman with ulcerative colitis","authors":"L. V. Tarasova, N. Y. Kucherova, Yu. V. Tsyganova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-247-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-247-252","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery thrombosis in ulcerative colitis is a serious condition and can occur in the young population. The authors report a case of multifocal atherosclerosis complicated by acute myocardial infarction due to atherosclerotic coronary thrombosis in a young woman with ulcerative colitis.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of life-threatening complications of inflammatory bowel disease using neural networks: a practical tool for health care professionals","authors":"Y. Uspenskiy, S. V. Ivanov, Yu. A. Fominykh, A. N. Narkevich, A. M. Segal’, A. Grjibovski","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-20-33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) including Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) representsis a challenge for gastroenterologists worldwide, due to its potential to cause life-threatening complications and lead to disability in patients. Aim: to develop a tool that can be used in clinical practice to predict the development of life-threatening complications of IBD through mathematical modeling. Methods. A historical cohort of 291 adult patients with a verified diagnosis of IBD (48% - CD, 52% - UC) who sought medical care from 2020 to 2022 comprised the study base. The outcomes were life-threatening complications including a subgroup of conditions that required urgent surgical intervention. Logistic regression, classification trees and neural network analysis were used to predict the studied outcomes. Results. Life-threatening complications occurred in 22.3% of CD- and in 9.9% of UC patients. The corresponding numbers for urgent surgical complications were 16.5% and 1.3%. Among the constructed mathematical models for both types of outcomes, neural network models demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity. Based on the neural network models, two software products named “IBD prognosis: risk of life-threatening complications” and “ IBD prognosis: risk of urgent surgical complications” were developed. For the former, the positive predictive value was 65.0% (95% CI 52.4-75.8) while the negative predictive value was 97.0% (95% CI: 93.9-98.5). For the latter, the corresponding numbers were 77.4% (95% CI: 60.2-87.4) and 99.2% (95% CI: 97.2-99.8). Conclusions. Two tools have been developed for use in clinical practice by gastroenterologists, therapists, and general practitioners to manage IBD patients. Identifying a high-risk IBD patient for developing a life-threatening complication can be used as a foundation for optimizing the therapy used in the treatment of a given patient, potentially saving lives.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with onset of inflammatory bowel diseases","authors":"Y. Uspensky, Yu. A. Fominykh, O. A. Kizimova, A. Gnutov, E. Kalinina, E. P. Fedotova, R. A. Nasyrov, A. A. Kozobin, R. A. Guchapshev","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-261-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-261-273","url":null,"abstract":"The course of inflammatory bowel diseases can be complicated by damage to almost all organs and systems, including the eyes, skin, lungs, kidneys, liver, as well as hematopoietic organs and the cardiovascular system. In this case, skin diseases are most often affected, and skin extraintestinal manifestations occur in more than 10% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Among the cutaneous extraintestinal manifestations, the second place in prevalence after erythema nodosum is occupied by pyoderma gangrenosum - neutrophilic dermatosis, an idiopathic disease, most often associated with systemic immune-inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, hemoblastoses or intestinal diseases. Also, this disease is one of the components of such genetically determined syndromes as PAPA, PASH, PAPASH and SAPHO. Difficulties in diagnosing and detecting this condition are due to the lack of a standardized approach to the appointment of these patients, the achievement of the results of randomized trials, and the identification of the reliability of the reliability of drug therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum. This article presents a review of the literature and, as a clinical manifestation, an observation in patients with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease complicated by pyoderma gangrenosum was identified.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"40 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with chronic gastritis and high risk of gastric cancer","authors":"A. Tertychnyy, D. D. Protsenko, N. Pachuashvili, D. P. Nagornaya, P. V. Pavlov, A. P. Kiruhin, A. A. Fedorenko","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to conduct a clinical and morphological analysis of cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods. The study included 26 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis of stages 3 and 4 with a high risk of developing GC according to the assessment using the OLGA system (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment). The cases were diagnosed on material of gastric tissue biopsy in 2022. In total, 678 histological studies were performed during the year. Cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC accounted for 3.8% of all chronic gastritis. Results. Cases of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC were more often observed in older men (average age 67±12 years, ratio 2.25:1). Multifocal atrophic gastritis was in the first place in frequency of occurrence (61.5%), the connection with helicobacter infection was confirmed only in a third of cases (34.6%). Morphological changes were characterized by a predominant lesion of the antrum of the stomach and mixed complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia. With the exception of one case in which pseudopancreatic metaplasia was detected in the antrum of the stomach, all cases of autoimmune gastritis (n=26) were assigned to stage 2 with a low risk of developing GC, which seems controversial to us. Conclusion. The results of our study showed a high percentage of pre-existing tumor lesions of the stomach in the group of chronic gastritis with a high risk of developing GC. Dysplasia was diagnosed in 5 out of 26 cases, GC with previously performed mucosectomy in 3 out of 26 cases. In addition, the patients had other tumor and precancerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. These data show the validity and practical value of using the OLGA system to identify high-risk groups for the development of tumors not only of the stomach, but also of gastrointestinal tumors of other localizations.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whipple’s disease: etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment","authors":"I. N. Kupriyanova, M. V. Stafilova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-238-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-238-246","url":null,"abstract":"Whipple’s disease is an infectious, systemic and recurrent disease caused by the gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. The disease proceeds with a heterogeneous clinical picture, presenting difficulties of timely diagnosis and in the absence of antibacterial therapy can lethal outcome. This review is devoted to the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical picture, modern diagnosis and therapy of Whipple’s disease.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"211 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transabdominal ultrasound of the intestine in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases: a modern view","authors":"D. Mukhametova, I. M. Minnemullin, N. Savushkina, E. R. Kirillova, K. A. Zigangirova, D. Abdulganieva","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-150-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-150-161","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound of the intestine is a highly informative, accessible, harmless, mobile, common method of diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases that does not require special training, has high specificity (95.6%) and sensitivity (89.7%) (depend on the examined area). In recent years, standardized methods have been developed to quantify the results of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel diseases, the most common of which are the Milan ultrasound criteria for ulcerative colitis, as well as the Sonographic Lesion Index for Crohn’s disease (SLIC), the International Bowel Ultrasound Segmental Activity Score (IBUS-SAS), A simple Ultrasound Activity Score for Crohn’s Disease (SUS-CD) with a satisfactory correlation and an area under the curve. The use of echocontrast drugs (both oral - polyethylene glycol and intravenous - Sonovue) improves the visualization of a number of structures. Purpose: consider the current position of ultrasound for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases, research technique, specificity and sensitivity of the method, quantitative methods of evaluating indicators, applicability for monitoring the activity of the disease, the presence of complications and the effectiveness of therapy. Materials and methods: in February-June 2023, articles were searched in the databases PubMed, Cyberleninka, Wiley, Oxford University Press, Science Direct with the following keywords: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ultrasound, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, disease activity, ultrasonographic parameters, index, abdominal ultrasonography, sonovue, gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS), Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), epidemiology. Practical guidelines on ultrasound diagnostics, clinical recommendations on Crohn’s disease [regional enteritis] and ulcerative colitis, guidelines of international medical associations, communities, etc. were also used. The search was not limited to years or languages. After reviewing the abstracts of articles or full texts, a decision was made on the suitability of the articles for inclusion in the review. The graphs, diagrams, figures of interest were used as a source for creating own illustrations. Conclusion: ultrasound methods of intestinal examination have a number of advantages, which include high information content, no need for preparation, high availability, prevalence, low cost and harmlessness. Of particular clinical importance is the possibility of evaluation at the patient’s bedside, the use of ultrasound criteria for assessing the activity of IBD and monitoring in dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"208 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}