Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research最新文献_第7页

Minimally important difference in health gain valuation. 健康收益评估的最小重要差异。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2691188

Mirna Bobinac, Ana Bobinac, Ismar Velić, Marin Oštrić

{"title":"Minimally important difference in health gain valuation.","authors":"Mirna Bobinac, Ana Bobinac, Ismar Velić, Marin Oštrić","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691188","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Minimal important difference (MID) thresholds distinguish noticeable from meaningful health gains, yet reimbursement decisions often fund high-cost therapies with marginal benefit. Clarifying meaningful patient-reported improvement is important for interpreting evidence and allocating resources.Research design and methods: We reviewed how MID concepts are defined and used across outcomes research, clinical trials and health technology assessment (HTA), and estimated Croatia's first EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) MID in a representative sample (n = 401), examining whether thresholds vary by baseline health and a €100/month co-payment. Respondents stated the smallest noticeable and meaningful EQ-VAS improvement for a free intervention and the same intervention requiring a co-payment for 1 year. Analyses combined descriptive statistics, rank-based tests, and multivariable regression.Results: Mean MID was 7.9 EQ-VAS points when treatment was free and increased to 8.7 with co-payment, with higher thresholds among those with poorer baseline health. The co-payment scenario is interpreted cautiously as reflecting a worthwhile-improvement threshold rather than a pure intrinsic MID.Conclusions: Elicited thresholds were context-sensitive; however, the co-payment scenario captures what respondents considered worth paying for, arguing against universal MID cutoffs. In HTA, MIDs should serve as patient-centered interpretive benchmarks complementing cost-effectiveness evidence and considerations such as equity and societal preferences.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"795-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Standardizing economic evaluation in Spain's pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement system: specification, interpretation and integration. 西班牙药品定价与报销制度中经济评价的规范化：规范、解释与整合。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2691179

Marta Trapero-Bertran

{"title":"Standardizing economic evaluation in Spain's pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement system: specification, interpretation and integration.","authors":"Marta Trapero-Bertran","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691179","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691179","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Economic evaluation (EE) is a key input for pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement (P&R), yet countries differ in how EE is specified, interpreted and integrated into decisions. Spain is a timely case: despite long-standing legal recognition of efficiency, EE has historically been weakly operationalized and difficult to trace in P&R.Areas covered: This narrative review analyses Spain's reform trajectory through the lenses of specification, interpretation and integration, focusing on the work of the Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Financing (CAPF) (2019-2024). Evidence was identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar (2000-2025), complemented by Spanish and EU legislative and policy documents. The review synthesizes CAPF recommendations to reorganize the evaluation pathway, including structured model linking clinical assessment, EE and budget impact analysis, and publication of national guideline and reference case. It also examines how these initiatives interact with draft national reforms and the EU HTA Regulation, highlighting a hybrid transitional context (late 2025) in which Joint Clinical Assessments are progressively incorporated while national procedural reform remains incomplete.Expert opinion: Spain illustrates how EE standardization can strengthen deliberative, multi-criteria P&R by improving transparency and coherence, although impact depends on regulatory enactment, capacity and implementation.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"709-721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A brave new world: the rise of agentic AI in rapid cycle RWE analytics. 一个美丽的新世界：快速循环中人工智能的崛起。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2690297

Won Chan Lee, Brent Mankin, David Hood

{"title":"A brave new world: the rise of agentic AI in rapid cycle RWE analytics.","authors":"Won Chan Lee, Brent Mankin, David Hood","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2690297","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2690297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Real-world evidence (RWE) has become a critical asset across drug discovery and market access, with regulators accepting evidence from real-world data (RWD) to supplement negotiations. With increasing demand for rapid RWE generation across the product lifecycle, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) stands to accelerate study timelines, reduce costs, and reveal untapped insights.Areas covered: A narrative literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, restricted to articles from 2016 onwards. This commentary traces how RWE analytics has evolved from traditional programming practices to analytically rigid point-and-click platforms to agentic AI. This progression reflects the industry's increasing need for rapid, reliable insights and highlights how agentic capabilities can streamline existing workflows and reshape team structures while still upholding strict governance and human oversight. Agentic AI-driven rapid analyses promise substantial time and cost savings, and their adoption is on the horizon. Regulatory approval processes will continue to evolve over the coming years before these solutions become widely integrated across the industry.Expert opinion: AI-driven RWE generation is still nascent but has transformative potential for the future of the industry. Widespread adoption will depend less on technical feasibility and more on trust, governance, and traceability. With agentic AI executing studies, human judgment is integral.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"739-746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-effectiveness analysis of sacituzumab tirumotecan as second-line therapy for EGFR-TKI-resistant, EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC in China. 在中国，西妥珠单抗替鲁莫替康作为egfr - tki耐药、egfr突变晚期NSCLC的二线治疗的成本-效果分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2691180

Jing He, Jialin Yu, Ruixuan Liu, Qing Yang

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of sacituzumab tirumotecan as second-line therapy for EGFR-TKI-resistant, EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC in China.","authors":"Jing He, Jialin Yu, Ruixuan Liu, Qing Yang","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of sacituzumab tirumotecan (Sac-TMT) versus pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy as second-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China.Research design and methods: A partitioned survival model based on the OptiTROP-Lung04 trial was developed from the Chinese healthcare perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was compared with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $26,889.37/QALY. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, together with scenario analyses, tested the robustness of the findings.Results: The base-case analysis results showed that over 10 years, Sac-TMT gained 0.86 additional QALYs at an incremental cost of $64,255.79, yielding an ICER of $75,704.42/QALY, exceeding the WTP threshold. Key drivers were patient body weight, the per-unit cost of Sac-TMT (180 mg), and the health utility value for the progressive disease state. The probability of Sac-TMT being cost-effective at the WTP threshold of $26,889.37/QALY was 0%. Patient assistance program reduced the ICER to $46,354.36/QALY. A price reduction exceeding 73.81% would bring the ICER below the WTP threshold.Conclusion: At current prices, Sac-TMT is not cost-effective as second-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC in China.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"813-822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in evidentiary requirements for oncology drug assessments across health technology assessment bodies in Germany, Spain, and France, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU Health Technology assessment regulation. 德国、西班牙和法国卫生技术评估机构、欧洲药品管理局和欧盟卫生技术评估条例之间肿瘤药物评估证据要求的差异。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2691190

Amber Tiemens, Christophe Sauboin, Sharon Wolters, Simon James Bond, Judith Olga Maria Bentvelzen, Susana Monteiro, Seán Walsh, Maarten Jacobus Postma

{"title":"Differences in evidentiary requirements for oncology drug assessments across health technology assessment bodies in Germany, Spain, and France, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU Health Technology assessment regulation.","authors":"Amber Tiemens, Christophe Sauboin, Sharon Wolters, Simon James Bond, Judith Olga Maria Bentvelzen, Susana Monteiro, Seán Walsh, Maarten Jacobus Postma","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691190","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study compares evidentiary requirements for oncology drugs across the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the EU Health Technology Assessment Regulation (HTAR), and national Health Technology Assessment (HTA) practices. Given the heterogeneity in evidentiary requirements across EU Member States, identifying these differences is critical for navigating the EU HTAR.Research design and methods: EMA guidelines and EU HTA guidance documents were reviewed, followed by interviews with HTA experts from Germany, Spain, and France to identify differences in oncology drug assessments and anticipated EU HTAR impact. Six recent oncology drug assessments conducted by these three HTA bodies were reviewed to substantiate the interview findings. A comparative analysis of evidence acceptability and potential alignment between organizations was conducted.Results: The EMA and EU HTAR guidance showed higher acceptability of available evidence than national HTA bodies. The German HTA body demonstrated the highest level of acceptability, followed by Spain and France. The six assessments supported expert insights by demonstrating national variability.Conclusion: Differences in the acceptability of evidence across the EMA, EU HTAR, and HTA bodies were identified, highlighting the need for increased alignment and shared understanding of evidentiary requirements. Recommendations to reduce or manage variability include international collaborations, harmonization, and early dialogues.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"783-793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single versus multiple inhaler triple therapy in COPD using data from the pragmatic INTREPID trial: cost-effectiveness analysis from the Chilean public healthcare system perspective. 使用实用INTREPID试验数据的单吸入器与多吸入器三联治疗COPD：从智利公共卫生系统的角度进行成本-效果分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2693168

Felipe Moraes Dos Santos, Nicolás Sandoval Astudillo, Manuel Espinoza, Carlos Balmaceda, Jose Fernando Romero, Stephen G Noorduyn

{"title":"Single versus multiple inhaler triple therapy in COPD using data from the pragmatic INTREPID trial: cost-effectiveness analysis from the Chilean public healthcare system perspective.","authors":"Felipe Moraes Dos Santos, Nicolás Sandoval Astudillo, Manuel Espinoza, Carlos Balmaceda, Jose Fernando Romero, Stephen G Noorduyn","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2693168","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2693168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a substantial economic burden in Chile. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium, and vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) once daily via single inhaler compared to multiple inhaler triple therapy (MITT) for moderate to severe COPD, from the Chilean public healthcare system perspective.Research design and methods: The Galaxy COPD disease progression model was adapted to the Chilean setting, incorporating Chilean healthcare resource use and unit costs, along with patient data, comparators, and treatment effects from INTREPID trial. Costs and healthcare benefits were aggregated over 25 years and reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs-cost/quality-adjusted life year [QALY] gained). Sensitivity analysis included probabilistic assessment.Results: Single inhaler FF/UMEC/VI provided an additional 0.261 QALYs at an incremental cost of 114.21 United States Dollars (USD) per patient, leading to an ICER of 438.41 USD/QALY in the base case. FF/UMEC/VI reduced severe exacerbations per patient per year by 4.38% compared to MITT. FF/UMEC/VI was dominant over MITT in 5- and 10-year time horizons.Conclusions: Despite higher total costs due to increased drug acquisition, FF/UMEC/VI reduces healthcare resource utilization associated with COPD events, representing a cost-effective option compared to MITT for moderate to severe COPD in Chile.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-world direct medical costs and resource utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC with COPD: a multicenter cost-consequence analysis from Iraq. 现实世界中免疫检查点抑制剂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌合并COPD的直接医疗成本和资源利用：来自伊拉克的多中心成本-后果分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2695405

Akram Hasan Kareem, Samer Imad Mohammed, Ahmed Abdali Shihad

{"title":"Real-world direct medical costs and resource utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC with COPD: a multicenter cost-consequence analysis from Iraq.","authors":"Akram Hasan Kareem, Samer Imad Mohammed, Ahmed Abdali Shihad","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2695405","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2695405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their high acquisition cost places substantial pressure on publicly funded healthcare systems. Real-world economic data in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain limited, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study evaluated direct medical costs and healthcare resource utilization associated with ICI therapy in Iraqi patients with advanced NSCLC and COPD.Methods: A multicenter real-world cost-consequence analysis was conducted at two public oncology centers in Iraq. Adults with advanced NSCLC and documented COPD receiving first-line ICI-based therapy were included. Direct medical costs and resource use were assessed over a six-cycle horizon using a micro-costing approach from the public healthcare system perspective. Outcomes were reported descriptively for atezolizumab-based (n = 50) and pembrolizumab-based (n = 39) regimens.Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable. Immunotherapy acquisition accounted for most costs (94-97%). Mean per-patient cost was 13.3 million IQD (10,170 USD) for atezolizumab and 23.6 million IQD (18,059 USD) for pembrolizumab, while non-drug costs and response outcomes were similar.Conclusions: Short-term costs were driven mainly by drug acquisition price, with other resource use remaining stable, providing context-specific evidence for resource planning in public oncology system.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer with PD-L1 CPS 1-10: secondary analysis of KEYNOTE-826 using innovative KMSubtraction. 派姆单抗治疗PD-L1 CPS 1-10的持续性、复发性或转移性宫颈癌的有效性和成本效益：KEYNOTE-826的二次分析，使用创新的km减法。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2688184

Jin Zhou, Jiaqin Cai, Lirong Zhang, Yixiao Zhu, Li Lin, Hong Sun, Xiaoxia Wei

{"title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer with PD-L1 CPS 1-10: secondary analysis of KEYNOTE-826 using innovative KMSubtraction.","authors":"Jin Zhou, Jiaqin Cai, Lirong Zhang, Yixiao Zhu, Li Lin, Hong Sun, Xiaoxia Wei","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2688184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2688184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis treatment for PD-L1 CPS 1-10 cervical cancer (CC) patients from the perspective of US healthcare payers.Research design and methods: KM curves for the CPS 1-10 subgroup were derived using the KMSubtraction workflow to reconstruct individual patient data, with analysis based on restricted mean survival time. A partitioned survival model (PFS, PD, death) was used for cost-effectiveness analysis, applying a $150,000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold.Results: Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (RMST difference 5.06 months) and OS (RMST difference 5.84 months) versus placebo. The treatment increased QALYs by 1.17 at an additional cost of $297,505,yielding an ICER of 254,262 $/QALY. A threshold analysis indicated that an effective pembrolizumab price of $25.80 per mg would be required for the regimen to meet the $150,000/QALY threshold. Sensitivity analysis identified drug prices, health state utilities, and discount rates as key influencing factors.Conclusions: Pembrolizumab+chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and OS in PD-L1 CPS 1-10 CC patients, with higher mean RMST than the placebo group. However, it is not cost-effective at current prices, but reducing pembrolizumab's price could improve its cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The direct and indirect costs of osteoporosis in the Iranian population: an economic analysis from a social perspective. 伊朗人口骨质疏松症的直接和间接成本：从社会角度的经济分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2025.2561022

Ramin Ravangard, Mohsen Izadi, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Zahra Goudarzi, Mehdi Rezaee, Khosro Keshavarz

{"title":"The direct and indirect costs of osteoporosis in the Iranian population: an economic analysis from a social perspective.","authors":"Ramin Ravangard, Mohsen Izadi, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Zahra Goudarzi, Mehdi Rezaee, Khosro Keshavarz","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2561022","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2025.2561022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease and has a high prevalence in Iran. This study aimed to calculate the economic burden of osteoporosis in patients referred to the Shahid Motahari Clini in 2023.Research design and methods: This was a cost-of-illness study conducted cross-sectionally from a societal perspective in Shiraz in 2023. Overall, 252 patients were examined through a census approach. Prevalence-based and bottom-up approach were employed. Cost data were obtained using information from patient record, as well as based on the patients' self-reports. The human capital approach was used to calculate the indirect costs.Results: The annual cost of this disease per patient was $5,223 PPP. The largest share was attributed to direct medical costs (42.75%), with hospitalization costs accounting for the highest proportion of these expenses (53.93%). The shares of direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were 38.51% and 18.74%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic burden of the disease in the country for this year was estimated at $15,749,838,044 PPP.Conclusions: According to the results, osteoporosis can impose a significant economic burden on society, the patients, and their families. It is recommended to manage treatment strategies, implement preventive measures, and use better insurance coverage for osteoporosis medications to reduce the costs.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"613-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges of using AI-based synthetic data in health economics and outcomes research. 在卫生经济学和成果研究中使用基于人工智能的合成数据的挑战。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2026.2691184

Arindam Saha, Zongliang Yue, Surachat Ngorsuraches

{"title":"Challenges of using AI-based synthetic data in health economics and outcomes research.","authors":"Arindam Saha, Zongliang Yue, Surachat Ngorsuraches","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2691184","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The growing demand for artificial intelligence (AI)-generated synthetic data (SD) in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) offers both opportunities and risks. As SD might be used in the near future to inform drug pricing, reimbursement, and policy decisions, a rigorous evaluation of its associated challenges is essential.Areas covered: This non-systematic narrative review provides a conceptual overview of the generation and application of SD in HEOR, based on targeted searches of PubMed and Google Scholar with priority given to the publications from 2019 onwards. We then identified four interconnected challenges: bias as a foundational upstream driver, the privacy-utility trade-off, the absence of standardized human-in-the-loop evaluation, and underdeveloped regulatory and governance frameworks.Expert opinion: The use of SD might offer opportunities to improve data accessibility; however, its adoption as standalone evidence in healthcare decisions is constrained by the absence of HEOR-specific validation standards, equity-centered evaluation metrics, and regulatory guidance. A structured hybrid ecosystem that integrates SD with real-world evidence, supported by coordinated regulatory frameworks and equity impact assessments, will be the most responsible pathway toward meaningful adoption in HEOR.","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"567-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0