{"title":"Enzyme/pH dual stimuli-responsive nanoplatform co-deliver disulfiram and doxorubicin for effective treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis.","authors":"Peifu Xiao, Xiaoguang Tao, Hanxun Wang, Hongbing Liu, Yupeng Feng, Yueqi Zhu, Zhengzhen Jiang, Tian Yin, Yu Zhang, Haibing He, Jingxin Gou, Xing Tang","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2237888","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2237888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Metastasis is still one of the main obstacles in the treatment of breast cancer. This study aimed to develop disulfiram (DSF) and doxorubicin (DOX) co-loaded nanoparticles (DSF-DOX NPs) with enzyme/pH dual stimuli-responsive characteristics to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DSF-DOX NPs were prepared using the amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PGlu-g-mPEG) copolymer by a classical dialysis method. In vitro release tests, in vitro cytotoxicity assay, and anti-metastasis studies were conducted to evaluate pH/enzyme sensitivity and therapeutic effect of DSF-DOX NPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The specific pH and enzyme stimuli-responsiveness of DSF-DO NPs can be attributed to the transformation of secondary structure and the degradation of amide bonds in the PGlu segment, respectively. This accelerated drug release significantly increased the cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells. Compared with the control group, the DSF-DOX NPs showed a strong inhibition of in vitro metastasis with a wound healing rate of 36.50% and a migration rate of 18.39%. Impressively, in vivo anti-metastasis results indicated that the metastasis of 4T1 cells was almost completely suppressed by DSF-DOX NPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DSF-DOX NPs with controllable tumor site delivery of DOX and DSF were a prospectively potential strategy for metastatic breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":"20 7","pages":"1015-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10364844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric inhalation therapy and the aerodynamic rationale for age-based aerosol sizes.","authors":"Jessica M Oakes, Israel Amirav, Josué Sznitman","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2209314","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2209314","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalation aerosols represent a cornerstone in treating pediatric respiratory conditions and may be administered as soon as following birth in preterm neonates or shortly after in babies. Yet, deposition efficiencies (DE) of inhaled aerosols in the lungs of infants and young children are underwhelming, with typical outcomes <30% of the administered dose, and not uncommonly <5% depending on age and disease [1]. Despite progress in improving delivery devices, current reviews still stress the same upsetting message [2,3]. The rule of thumb might easily read: the younger the patient the worse the targeting efficiency to the lungs. The selection of an appropriate inhaler holds important ramifications in the effective dose delivered to a young patient’s lungs [4]. For example, infants and young children are unable to coordinate the inhalation maneuver necessary with metered dose inhalers (MDI). Concurrently, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are typically advocated in older children as these require patient compliance through vigorous suction to de-aggregate the drug powder. Together these limitations, including the limited ability of young patients to hold their breath to increase the action of gravitational settling, hinder pulmonary DE and device options. For the youngest that are nose breathers, the practice of adapting face masks and intranasal prongs represents only incremental improvements. The underlying picture remains fundamentally unchanged. Treatment options and inhalation guidelines are broadly derived from devices and protocols established for adults whereby dosage adaptations in children, if any, are based on extrapolations often according to bodyweight [5]. Clinicians may prescribe inhaled medications that are disease appropriate but not necessarily approved for these young ages as the majority of inhalers and drug formulations are based on adult studies, or at the very least in older children [6]. This reality underscores a lack in considering more significantly the physical determinants of inhaled aerosol transport that influence pulmonary deposition. In improving pediatric inhalation therapy, we advocate below the mechanistic argument to adapt pharmaceutical aerosol sizes according to age rather than adhere to a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. 2. Inhalation airflows: children are not miniature adults","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1037-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9403243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Sen Tan, Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali, Bee Koon Gan, Wen Siang Tan
{"title":"Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges.","authors":"Jia Sen Tan, Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali, Bee Koon Gan, Wen Siang Tan","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":"20 7","pages":"955-978"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10001407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Luiza Lima, Idejan P Gross, Lívia Lira de Sá-Barreto, Tais Gratieri, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho
{"title":"Extrusion-based systems for topical and transdermal drug delivery.","authors":"Ana Luiza Lima, Idejan P Gross, Lívia Lira de Sá-Barreto, Tais Gratieri, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso, Marcilio Cunha-Filho","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2241362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2241362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the administration of drugs on the skin is a safe and noninvasive therapeutic alternative, producing formulations capable of disrupting the cutaneous barriers is still a challenge. In this scenario, extrusion-based techniques have emerged as disruptive technologies to ensure unique drug-excipient interactions that facilitate drug skin diffusion for systemic or local effect and even mean the key to obtain viable industrial products.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article presents a comprehensive overview of extrusion-based techniques in developing pharmaceutical dosage forms for topical or transdermal drug delivery. First, the theoretical basis of how extrusion-based techniques can optimize the permeation of drugs through the skin is examined. Then, the current state-of-the-art of drug products developed by extrusion-based techniques, specifically by hot-melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, are discussed and contrasted with the current pharmaceutical processes.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A wide variety of pharmaceutical products can be obtained using HME and FDM 3D printing, including new dosage forms designed for a perfect anatomical fit. Despite the limitations of pharmaceutical products produced with HME and FDM 3D printing regarding thermal stability and available excipients, the advantages in industrial adaptability and improved bioavailability allied with patient-match devices certainly deserve full attention and investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":"20 7","pages":"979-992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alternative application of an iTrack microcatheter and canaloplasty: case report and literature review.","authors":"Aleksandra K Kicińska, Marek Rękas","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2256657","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2256657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Schlemm's canal surgery using an iTrack flexible microcatheter has become popular because of its high quality-of-life issues and the growing demand for less invasive but effective procedures. The unique design of the microcatheter makes it a multimodal tool, which can be used not only in the field of antiglaucoma surgery but also as a drug delivery system to treat various conditions.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review presents an update on the selected aspects of a drug delivery system using the iTrack microcatheter, including glaucoma gene therapy and posterior-segment diseases, both in animal models and human patients. The authors also report the case of a patient with branch retinal vein occlusion treated with suprachoroidal bevacizumab in the submacular region administered with the iTrack catheter.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The findings presented in this study may indicate that the application of a microcatheter in open-angle glaucoma gene therapy is reasonable and can be combined with full or partial surgical canaloplasty procedures. Translation of this potential into a treatment modality would require overcoming multiple barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1201-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence factors on and potential strategies to amplify receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the blood-brain barrier.","authors":"Ya Wei, Xue Xia, Hanmei Li, Huile Gao","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2245332","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2245332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A major challenge in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders is to achieve adequate drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery as a Trojan horse strategy has become an exciting approach. However, these nanodrugs do not accumulate significantly in the brain parenchyma, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect of drugs. Amplifying the efficiency of receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the BBB becomes the holy grail in the treatment of CNS disorders.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we tend to establish links between dynamic BBB and receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery, starting with the delivery processes across the BBB, describing factors affecting nanodrug delivery efficiency, and summarizing potential strategies that may amplify delivery efficiency.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery is a common approach to significantly enhance the efficiency of brain-targeting delivery. As BBB is constantly undergoing changes, it is essential to investigate the impact of diseases on the effectiveness of brain-targeting nanodrug delivery. More critically, there are several barriers to achieving brain-targeting nanodrug delivery in the five stages of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), and the impacts can be conflicting, requiring intricate balance. Further studies are also needed to investigate the material toxicity of nanodrugs to address the issue of clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1713-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puneet Tyagi, Garrett Harper, Patrick McGeehan, Shawn P Davis
{"title":"Current status and prospect for future advancements of long-acting antibody formulations.","authors":"Puneet Tyagi, Garrett Harper, Patrick McGeehan, Shawn P Davis","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2219445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2219445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biologics, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have become a major class of therapeutics in recent years addressing the needs of millions of patients and becoming one of the best-selling treatments in the pharmaceutical market. A wide range of multifaceted chronic diseases have benefitted from antibody therapeutics. Long-term treatment for chronic diseases with mAb therapies can mean a lifetime of frequent injections. Technologies that can minimize the total number of injections present meaningful value to patients and the companies that develop them.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes the challenges encountered during the development of long-acting versions of mAbs. The focus will be on questions addressed during drug product development, delivery device selection, business implications, and understanding the market potential of long-acting presentations.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Long-acting drug delivery systems have reached the market for small molecules and peptides. However, these drug delivery systems, and their development lessons, cannot be extrapolated directly to antibodies. We must develop new delivery technologies suitable for biologics, identify critical attributes to capture dynamic changes in proteins during the encapsulation process, and develop analytical processes to evaluate long-term stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":"20 7","pages":"895-903"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Xu, Haiting Xu, Zhenhua Zhu, Xiaoxiao Shi, Bo Xiao
{"title":"Recent advances in mucus-penetrating nanomedicines for oral treatment of colonic diseases.","authors":"Cheng Xu, Haiting Xu, Zhenhua Zhu, Xiaoxiao Shi, Bo Xiao","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2242266","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2242266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral administration is the most common route for treating colonic diseases that present increased incidences in recent years. Colonic mucus is a critical rate-limiting barrier for the accumulation of oral therapeutics in the colonic tissues. To overcome this obstacle, mucus-penetrating nanotherapeutics have been exploited to increase the accumulated amounts of drugs in the diseased sites and improve their treatment outcomes against colonic diseases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we introduce the structure and composition of colonic mucus as well as its impact on the bioavailability of oral drugs. We also introduce various technologies used in the construction of mucus-penetrating nanomedicines (e.g. surface modification of polymers, physical means and biological strategies) and discuss their mechanisms and potential techniques for improving mucus penetration of nanotherapeutics.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The mucus barrier is often overlooked in oral drug delivery. The weak mucus permeability of conventional medications greatly lowers drug bioavailability. This challenge can be addressed through physical, chemical and biological technologies. In addition to the reported methods, promising approaches may be discovered through interdisciplinary research that further helps enhance the mucus penetration of nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1371-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preclinical and clinical developments in enzyme-loaded red blood cells: an update.","authors":"Marzia Bianchi, Luigia Rossi, Francesca Pierigè, Sara Biagiotti, Alessandro Bregalda, Filippo Tasini, Mauro Magnani","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2219890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2219890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We have previously described the preclinical developments in enzyme-loaded red blood cells to be used in the treatment of several rare diseases, as well as in chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>Since our previous publication we have seen further progress in the previously discussed approaches and, interestingly enough, in additional new studies that further strengthen the idea that red blood cell-based therapeutics may have unique advantages over conventional enzyme replacement therapies in terms of efficacy and safety. Here we highlight these investigations and compare, when possible, the reported results versus the current therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The continuous increase in the number of new potential applications and the progress from the encapsulation of a single enzyme to the engineering of an entire metabolic pathway open the field to unexpected developments and confirm the role of red blood cells as cellular bioreactors that can be conveniently manipulated to acquire useful therapeutic metabolic abilities. Positioning of these new approaches versus newly approved drugs is essential for the successful transition of this technology from the preclinical to the clinical stage and hopefully to final approval.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":"20 7","pages":"921-935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saba Khan, Urushi Rehman, Neha Parveen, Shobhit Kumar, Sanjula Baboota, Javed Ali
{"title":"siRNA therapeutics: insights, challenges, remedies and future prospects.","authors":"Saba Khan, Urushi Rehman, Neha Parveen, Shobhit Kumar, Sanjula Baboota, Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2251890","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17425247.2023.2251890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Among conventional and novel therapeutic approaches, the siRNA strategy stands out for treating disease by silencing the gene responsible for the corresponding disorder. Gene silencing is supposedly intended to target any disease-causing gene, and therefore, several attempts and investments were made to exploit siRNA gene therapy and advance it into clinical settings. Despite the remarkable beneficial prospects, the applicability of siRNA therapeutics is very challenging due to various pathophysiological barriers that hamper its target reach, which is the cytosol, and execution of gene silencing action.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The present review provides insights into the field of siRNA therapeutics, significant in vivo hurdles that mitigate the target accessibility of siRNA, and remedies to overcome these siRNA delivery challenges. Nonetheless, the current review also highlights the on-going clinical trials and the regulatory aspects of siRNA modalities.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The siRNAs have the potential to reach previously untreated target sites and silence the concerned gene owing to their modification as polymeric or lipidic nanoparticles, conjugates, and the application of advanced drug delivery strategies. With such mounting research attempts to improve the delivery of siRNA to target tissue, we might shortly witness revolutionary therapeutic outcomes, new approvals, and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12229,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1167-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}