The Ceylon medical journal最新文献_第9页

Intimate partner violence in Sri Lanka: a scoping review. 斯里兰卡亲密伴侣暴力:范围审查。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8100

S. Guruge, Vathsala Jayasuriya-Illesinghe, N. Gunawardena, Jennifer Perera

{"title":"Intimate partner violence in Sri Lanka: a scoping review.","authors":"S. Guruge, Vathsala Jayasuriya-Illesinghe, N. Gunawardena, Jennifer Perera","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8100","url":null,"abstract":"South Asia is considered to have a high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Therefore the World Health Organisation has called for context-specific information about IPV from different regions. A scoping review of published and gray literature over the last 35 years was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Reported prevalence of IPV in Sri Lanka ranged from 20-72%, with recent reports of rates ranging from 25- 35%. Most research about IPV has been conducted in a few provinces and is based on the experience of legally married women. Individual, family, and societal risk factors for IPV have been studied, but their complex relationships have not been comprehensively investigated. Health consequences of IPV have been reported, with particular attention to physical health, but women are likely to underreport sexual violence. Women seek support mainly from informal networks, with only a few visiting agencies to obtain help. Little research has focused on health sector responses to IPV and their effectiveness. More research is needed on how to challenge gendered perceptions about IPV. Researchers should capture the experience of women in dating/cohabiting relationships and women in vulnerable sectors (post-conflict areas and rural areas), and assess how to effectively provide services to them. A critical evaluation of existing services and programmes is also needed to advance evidence informed programme and policy changes in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131093053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Androgen insensitivity syndrome in a cohort of Sri Lankan children with 46, XY disorders of sex development (46, XY DSD). 斯里兰卡46,xy性发育障碍儿童雄激素不敏感综合征队列研究(46,xy DSD)

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8221

K. de Silva,, N. Sirisena, H. K. Wijenayaka, J. G. Cooray, R. Jayasekara, V. Dissanayake

{"title":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome in a cohort of Sri Lankan children with 46, XY disorders of sex development (46, XY DSD).","authors":"K. de Silva,, N. Sirisena, H. K. Wijenayaka, J. G. Cooray, R. Jayasekara, V. Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8221","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000There are several conditions giving rise to 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD) with different modes of inheritance. Therefore definitive diagnosis based on molecular genetic confirmation would be the ideal to counsel parents regarding the future implications of the condition affecting their baby. This is the first report from Sri Lanka documenting the presence of mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene in a cohort of children with 46, XY DSD.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000To describe the socio-demographic and clinical features and document the presence of mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene in a cohort of children with 46, XY DSD.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u000046, XY patients with ambiguous genitalia followed up in the University Unit at the Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, and clinically identified as having androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) or a testosterone biosynthetic defect were recruited for the study. Their socio-demographic details and clinical features were documented. Exons 1 to 8 of the AR gene were screened for mutations by DNA sequencing on a venous blood sample. SRY gene mutations were also assayed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Thirty-four patients were studied, 3 of whom were clinically diagnosed as having complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). Sex of rearing was female and male in 4 and 30 respectively. AR gene mutations were detected in 6 patients (17.6%). None of the patients had SRY gene mutations.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Majority (88%) of the patients were raised as males. Six patients (17.6%) including the 3 with CAIS, had genetically confirmed AIS with the detection of AR gene mutations.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121443408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The challenge of treating central nervous system infections. 治疗中枢神经系统感染的挑战。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8178

U. Ranawaka

引用次数: 1

Aortic annular measurements in fresh post-mortem hearts; a study in Sri Lankans. 新鲜死后心脏的主动脉环测量;斯里兰卡的一项研究。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8222

S. Udhayakumar, S. Yasawardene

{"title":"Aortic annular measurements in fresh post-mortem hearts; a study in Sri Lankans.","authors":"S. Udhayakumar, S. Yasawardene","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8222","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Although the local inflammatory reactions are known to be regulated through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, the exact subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors involved in neuroimmune modulation are not well identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000Immunohistochemical localisation of a1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (a1nAChR) in sites of localised inflammation induced by injecting turpentine to the hind limbs of Balb/C mice.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Localised inflammation and subsequent development of sterile abscesses was induced by injecting sterile turpentine subcutaneously into thighs of Balb/C mice. Sterile saline was used in the control.. Skin and muscle tissues of inflammatory sites were recovered from the animals after 48 hours and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Indirect immunohistochemistry was done using anti-a1nAChR as the primary antibody and biotinylated anti-rat IgG as the secondary antibody. Labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) technique was used with diaminobenzedene to detect the immunoreactivity (IR). Intensity of immunostaining was determined based upon a score of 0 - 3+ by qualitative computerised image analysis using FSX 100 Olympus microscope.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000H and E stained slides showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) infiltration at the abscess sites while the saline injected control tissue sections did not show PNL infiltration. A 2+ immunoreactivity (IR) of a1nAChRs was visible at peripheral zones of sterile abscesses where PNL infiltrations were high while the central area with necrotic tissue did not show IR. A subcutaneous lymph node found within the inflammatory region expressed IR of a1nAChR in its capsular sinuses, subcapsular sinuses and trabecular regions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The findings suggest the possible role of controlling localised inflammatory response by parasympathetic cholinergic nerves through a1nAChRs of inflammation sites.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114862829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The effects of an Ayurvedic medicinal toothpaste on clinical, microbiological and oral hygiene parameters in patients with chronic gingivitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel allocation clinical trial. 阿育吠陀药用牙膏对慢性牙龈炎患者临床、微生物学和口腔卫生参数的影响:一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照、平行分配的临床试验。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8219

J. Howshigan, K. Perera, S. Samita, P. S. Rajapakse

{"title":"The effects of an Ayurvedic medicinal toothpaste on clinical, microbiological and oral hygiene parameters in patients with chronic gingivitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel allocation clinical trial.","authors":"J. Howshigan, K. Perera, S. Samita, P. S. Rajapakse","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8219","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Plant derived preparations have been essential components for maintenance of oral hygiene and the treatment of oral diseases globally since ancient times. Acacia chundra Willd, Adhatoda vasica Nees., Mimusops elengi L., Piper nigrum L., Pongamia pinnate L. Pirerre, Quercus infectoria Olivier., Syzygium aromaticum L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Zingiber offici-nale Roscoe., individually or in combination, have been used for this purpose because of their beneficial effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000To study the efficacy of an Ayurvedic toothpaste containing these herbs in patients with chronic gingivitis.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Otherwise healthy males and non-pregnant females (n=80) aged 18-35 years with ≥20 teeth were randomly assigned to Group 1 (herbal toothpaste) and Group 2 (placebo toothpaste). Quigley Hein plaque index (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD), were recorded for all teeth at six sites, and one ml of resting saliva was collected to ascertain anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts at baseline, and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. Full-mouth prophylaxis was performed and instructions for brushing with the allocated toothpaste for 6 months were given at baseline. Sixty-six participants, 34 in Group 1 and 32 in Group 2 completed the study. Clinical examinations were performed by the same examiner blinded to group allocation.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Linear mixed model analysis revealed significant reductions of PS, BOP, PPD (p<0.0001) and total salivary anaerobic counts (p<0.05) in Group 1 at all prescribed visits compared to Group 2. Moreover the reduction increased overtime. No unpleasant effects of toothpaste use were reported.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000This study provides robust evidence of the beneficial antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of the test herbal toothpaste Sudantha® on patients with chronic gingivitis.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132047338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Friendly fire on neurons: antibody-mediated diseases of the nervous system. 对神经元的误伤:抗体介导的神经系统疾病。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8218

T. Chang

引用次数: 2

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in benign gastric ulcers in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients. 一组斯里兰卡患者良性胃溃疡中幽门螺杆菌的患病率。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8224

S. Wijetunge, R. Kotakadeniya, Faseeha Noordeen, S. M. Buharideen, B. Samarasinghe, A. Dharmapala, K. Galketiya

引用次数: 3

Characteristics of victims of alleged child sexual abuse referred to a child guidance clinic of a children's hospital. 指称儿童性虐待受害者的特征被转介到儿童医院的儿童指导诊所。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8227

Y. Rohanachandra, D. Dahanayake, P. A. S. Pathigoda, G. S. Wijetunge

{"title":"Characteristics of victims of alleged child sexual abuse referred to a child guidance clinic of a children's hospital.","authors":"Y. Rohanachandra, D. Dahanayake, P. A. S. Pathigoda, G. S. Wijetunge","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8227","url":null,"abstract":"Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major public health problem affecting all cultures and social classes. Estimated global prevalence of CSA is 11.8% [1]. Retrospective studies in Sri Lanka have shown prevalence of sexual abuse among adolescents to be 21.9% [2]. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out of all children referred through courts or Judicial Medical Officer to a Child Guidance Clinic at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, from 2010-2014, due to alleged CSA. Psychological consequences were assessed by a Consultant Psychiatrist and diagnosis was made according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. Approval was obtained from Ethics Review Committee of The Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo. Data obtained from case records were suitably altered to maintain confidentiality. Thirty-five children presented with alleged CSA, during 2010-2015, with the highest number referred in 2013(Table 1). Majority (57.1%) were females. Commonest age group was 12-14 years (9/35). Sixty percent were from Colombo District. In 9 (25%), parents were separated. In 5 (14%) the mother was abroad. In all cases, the perpetrator was male. Majority 29 (83%) were known to the child. In most (29/35), a single perpetrator was involved. In 23 (66%), abuse occurred on several occasions by the same person. Threats or violence was used in 17 (49%) and rewards were given in 7 (20%). The commonest form of sexual abuse was non-penetrative contact 17 (49%). Co-existing forms of abuse were present in 13 (37%). Psychological consequences were present in 24 (68%), with post-traumatic stress disorder being the commonest 7 (20%). Globally, CSA is commoner in females [1], which is compatible with our findings. Similarly, highest rates of CSA has been reported among adolescents [3]. Mother","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126080368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A case of post-traumatic retroclival subdural haematoma. 创伤后斜坡后硬膜下血肿1例。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8225

S. Dayaratne, D. Rajapakse, N. Jayaweera, S. Wadanamby, T. Rajapakse

引用次数: 3

Ethical issues in discussing post-mortem findings with relatives. 与亲属讨论尸检结果时的伦理问题。

The Ceylon medical journal Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v60i4.8228

S.M.H.M.K. Senanayake

引用次数: 0