The Ceylon medical journal最新文献

{"title":"The mortality predicting ability of chest X-ray severity scoring systems in Covid-19 pneumonia.","authors":"I. Kodikara, B. Galabada, N. S. Hettiarachchi","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9507","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Although several chest X-ray (CXR) severity scoring systems are in use to assess Covid-19 pneumonia (CP), inhomogeneity has been observed among the assessment methodologies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000To describe and validate severity scoring system based on different features to identify the most suitable scoring system to predict CP severity and outcome.\u0000\u0000\u0000Method\u0000This retrospective study examined CXRs (n=147) of CP patients (n=85) to calculate severity scores using three scoring systems based on area infiltrated and the density patterns: A, A&D, and New. The best scoring system to predict the mortality was identified using the area under the curve (AUC) and linear regression analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Regardless of the scoring system used, CXR severity has shown a good correlation to clinical CP severity (A: χ2=6.745; p =0.034; A&D: χ2=12.404; p =0.002; New: χ2=10.219; p =0.006). The mortality predictability of all scoring systems were satisfactory with high AUC (\"A\": AUC=0.685, sensitivity:67.4%, specificity:54.5% at a cut-off point of 5/8; positive predictive value (PPV): 40.3%, negative predictive value (NPV):78.6%\"; A&D\": AUC=0.748, sensitivity:69.6%, specificity:61.4% at a cut-off point of 7/16, PPV:45.1%, NPV:81.6%; \"New\": AUC=0.727; p ≤ 0.001, sensitivity:67.4%, specificity:68.3% at a cut-off point of 18/48, PPV:49.2%, NPV:82.1%). Additionally, the mortality predicting ability of the \"New\" scoring system was significantly higher than the other two systems (OR:2.897; CI [1.071-7.8.36]; p=0.036).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Covid-19 pneumonia severity assessed with the CXR severity scoring systems correlated significantly with clinical severity and outcome. Overall, the \"New\" CXR severity scoring system is comparatively better at predicting the mortality of Covid-19 pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128296476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare presentation of Peutz -Jeghers Syndrome in Children.","authors":"D. S. Gamage, C. Naotunna, C. Lakmini, S. Gunaratne, N. Atapattu","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116822557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body image dissatisfaction and its determinants in urban Sri Lankan adolescents.","authors":"G. Liyanage, Thadchajini Karunainathan, Lakshaniya Jeyarajah, Priyangha Thevatheepan, Mathury Thavendra, M. Seneviwickrama","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9509","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Body image dissatisfaction is a significant public health issue, particularly among adolescents. We investigated the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in urban Sri Lankan adolescents and its determinants.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A descriptive cross-sectional study examined the body image dissatisfaction among urban adolescents of 15-16 years old in one educational zone in the Colombo district. Perceived current body size and body size ideals were assessed based on the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (SFRS). Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to WHO 2007 growth references. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to examine the correlates of body image dissatisfaction. Independent variables were BMI, waist to height ratio, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Overall, most (73.5%) were not satisfied with their body image. More males (79%) than female (69%) adolescents were dissatisfied. Among the dissatisfied, 66% of males desired larger body size, and 57% of females preferred a thinner size. Overweight/obese adolescents had four times greater body image dissatisfaction, and underweight adolescents had three times greater dissatisfaction when compared to students with normal BMI when adjusted for gender. (OR:4.18, CI:1.209,14.416, p=0.02 and OR:3.2, CI:1.073,9.852, p=0.04). Males had higher odds of dissatisfaction than females (OR: 1.9. CI: 1.020,3.407, p=0.04).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Most adolescents were dissatisfied with their body image. Overweight/obesity and underweight were significant determinants of dissatisfaction when adjusted for gender. Also, males had a greater risk of having dissatisfaction than females. It informs that further research is required using more rigorous scientific methods to clarify these findings further.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic yield and outcome of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in Sri Lanka.","authors":"U. Jayarajah, S. Vidanapathirana, Shinthujaa Mahadewa, Saranga Wijayagunawardena, Velayuthan Senthan, Kapila Edirisinghe, Madura Ambegoda, A. Abeygunasekera","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9506","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The study was aimed to determine the diagnostic yield and outcome of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB) in a cohort of Sri Lankan men. A prospective study was conducted among 333 (median age: 70 years, range:48-88) men from a single urology unit. All patients underwent TRUSPB for persistently elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)≥4.00 ng/mL or suspicious rectal examination. The prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate was 57.7%. The PCa detection rate for PSA levels of 4.00 to <10, 10.00 to <20, 20.00 to <40, 40.00 to <100 and ≥100.00 ng/mL were 15/43(34.9%), 23/88(26.1%), 41/72(56.9%), 51/63(81.0%) and 60/62(96.8%) respectively. Ten patients required further biopsies for rising PSA despite a first benign biopsy and three had PCa. Mild complications were identified in 6.9%(n=23). The high PCa detection rate probably reflects the difference in our policy to perform biopsies only when serum PSA level is persistently elevated. TRUSPB appears to have a satisfactory yield with acceptable level of complications in the Sri Lankan resource limited setting.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128020825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLMA Guidelines and Information on Vaccines Seventh Edition 2020.","authors":"G. Liyanage","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114617025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current management of non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).","authors":"G. Constantine","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121483391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in health care workers: A multicenter observational study in Sri Lanka.","authors":"C. Undugodage, U. Dissanayake, Hemantha Kumara, B. Samarasekera, L. Yapa, Ranjan Ganegma, W. Wickramasinghe, S. Samarakoon, Pradeep Wijesinghe, Upuli Wijemanne, H. C. Sandaruwan, Rajalingam Neranjan, P. K. Illeperuma Pk, H. M. Thenuwara, G. A. Amashakya, H. D. Dasanayake, S S W Jayasooriya, B. Kalubandara, N. C. Madurawala, T. Prasath, N. Perera","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The acceptability of a vaccine is an important factor during mass vaccination programs and this is largely dependent on the symptoms of local and systemic reactogenicity. There is paucity of data on the systemic and local reactions experienced by COVD-19 vaccine recipients in South Asia.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000To identify the early local and systemic reactogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.\u0000\u0000\u0000Method\u0000A multicenter observational study was performed to identify the reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers following the first dose.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000There were 4478 participants with a median age of 42 years (IQR 34-51) and 2863 (63.9%) were females. At least one symptom of reactogenicity was reported by 4151 (92.7%). Local reactions were reported by 2612 (58.3%). Systemic reactions were bodyache (3244,72.4%), fatigue (2379, 53.1%), headache (2277, 50.8%), fever (2290, 51.1%), feverishness (1912, 42.7%) and chills (2295, 51.3%). Lower age (p<0.0001) and female gender (p 0.002) were associated with a higher frequency of developing systemic reactions. There was no association between reactogenicity and comorbidities. There were 342 (7.6%) reports of palpitations and one case of ventricular bigeminy. There was one report of anaphylaxis and hospital admissions were reported by 24 (0.5%). One vaccine recipient was managed for possible aseptic meningitis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000This study demonstrates that early systemic and local reactions are common. Systemic reactions were more frequent in females and in the younger population. Most symptoms were self- limiting and did not require medical attention or hospital admission. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine appears safe in the studied population.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126895037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation safety awareness among health care assistants in a radiology department of a government hospital.","authors":"Chamudi Ishara Rajamuni, B. Weerakoon","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i4.9511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127204447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotyping of invasive and colonizing group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates at selected hospitals in Sri Lanka: a multicenter study.","authors":"R. Chinthamani, S. Pathirage, Nambage Shirani Chandrasiri","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i3.9493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i3.9493","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in neonates, pregnant women and patients with underlying comorbidities. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is currently the mainstay of prevention and effective vaccine against invasive GBS disease is under clinical trial.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000To describe the serotype distribution of invasive and colonizing GBS isolates in Sri Lanka.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Probable GBS isolates from high vaginal swabs (HVS) and sterile body sites were collected from eight selected hospital laboratories. Following confirmation of the identification as group B Streptococcus by phenotypic methods including Lancefield grouping test (Plasmatic UK), isolates were tested for serotyping by latex agglutination test kit (STATEN serum institute, Denmark).\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Out of the 145 probable GBS isolates only 100 from HVS and 37 from sterile body sites were confirmed as GBS. Serotype III was the most predominant in invasive GBS isolates followed by Ia, Ib, VI, II and V in the descending order of frequency. Serotype VI was the most predominant in HVS isolates followed by serotype III, V, Ia, II, Ib and IV. Difference of GBS serotype distribution between the invasive and HVS group was statistically significant (P value = 0.038).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Serotype distribution pattern of the study isolates was comparable to most of the other developing and developed countries and hence will be beneficial in future vaccine introduction. GBS vaccine which is currently under clinical trial (Ia, Ib and III) is potentially effective for preventing 68% of the early onset disease in neonates in this study setting.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mismatch between canteen guidelines and their implementation at canteens in medical institutions in Anuradhapura District.","authors":"A. de Alwis, Sriyani de Alwis, Anurudda Padeniya, J. Warnasekara, R. Jayatissa","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v66i3.9489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v66i3.9489","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The 'Guidelines for a healthy canteen in workplaces' (guidelines) was published in 2013 by the Ministry of Health to improve food choices & healthy eating of working community.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000To determine the extent of implementation of guidelines in canteens at medical institutions in Anuradhapura District.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on random working days in canteens providing all three main meals in medical institutions in Anuradhapura District in August and September 2018. Data were collected by observing the canteen and interviewing the canteen owners according to guidelines. Scoring was done according to a scoring system to obtain a percentage.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Ten canteens were included in the study. The median number of customers per canteen was 200 (IQR 100-625). The highest and lowest scores by canteens for overall implementation were 41.8% and 14.1%, while the mean among all canteens was 29.2%. Average percentages for healthy carbohydrate, fruit, snacks, and oil options were 15.2%, 20.0%, 8.8%, and 28.2% respectively. Availability of healthy dairy and use of standard coconut oil was 0.0%. Safe drinking water and hand-washing with soap were available only in 6 and 4 canteens respectively. Implementation of food safety measures was 32.5%. None of the canteens had any posters/ guides regarding healthy eating and none of the owners were aware of the guidelines.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000The level of implementation of the canteen guidelines was highly unsatisfactory among the canteens in medical institutions in Anuradhapura District.","PeriodicalId":122256,"journal":{"name":"The Ceylon medical journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}