Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy最新文献_第2页

Addressing late HIV presentation: the current knowledge and unmet needs. 解决艾滋病毒晚期出现问题：目前的知识和未满足的需求。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2530632

Tommaso Clemente, Rebecka Papaioannu-Borjesson, Antonella Castagna, Vincenzo Spagnuolo

{"title":"Addressing late HIV presentation: the current knowledge and unmet needs.","authors":"Tommaso Clemente, Rebecka Papaioannu-Borjesson, Antonella Castagna, Vincenzo Spagnuolo","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2530632","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2530632","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV late presentation, defined as a CD4+ cell count below 350 cells/μL or the presence of an AIDS-defining condition at diagnosis, represents a significant global challenge, accounting for approximately 50% new HIV diagnoses worldwide. This phenomenon is associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality, and elevated transmission risks due to prolonged undiagnosed infection.Areas covered: This review examines the definitions, risk factors, epidemiology, and clinical implications of late presentation in HIV. It highlights evidence supporting the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), discusses the choice of optimal therapeutic regimens, and addresses the management of opportunistic infections in late presenters. Special attention is given to challenges posed by advanced disease, including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and drug-drug interactions in the context of opportunistic infections.Expert opinion: Late HIV presenters face unique clinical and therapeutic challenges. High-risk groups, including older individuals, women, people who inject drugs, and migrants, require tailored prevention efforts to improve early diagnosis and care access. While INSTI-based ART regimens are preferred due to their efficacy and tolerability, evidence gaps persist regarding optimal ART strategies and timing in severe opportunistic conditions, such as cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis. Further studies are needed to address these gaps.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"763-779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of human babesiosis - approaches and perspectives. 人类巴贝斯虫病的管理-方法和观点。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2526843

Edouard Vannier, Klaus-Peter Hunfeld, Robert P Smith, Peter J Krause

{"title":"Management of human babesiosis - approaches and perspectives.","authors":"Edouard Vannier, Klaus-Peter Hunfeld, Robert P Smith, Peter J Krause","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2526843","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2526843","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic Babesia protozoa. Most cases are due to Babesia microti, which is endemic in the northeastern and upper Midwestern United States. Other Babesia spp. cases are endemic in China and/or sporadically reported in the United States, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Cases in immunocompetent hosts are typically mild to moderate, while disease in immunocompromised hosts is often severe.Areas covered: A historical perspective of compounds that are effective against Babesia spp. is provided. The current management of mild, moderate, and severe babesiosis is discussed, as is the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance associated with relapsing babesiosis. The use of red blood cell exchange transfusion is reviewed.Expert opinion/commentary: Most cases of human babesiosis are successfully treated with atovaquone plus azithromycin or clindamycin plus quinine. A major research topic is the management of immunocompromised hosts, especially those experiencing severe or relapsing babesiosis. Two immediate goals are, (i) to develop new antimicrobial agents that target Babesia spp. through novel mechanisms and can overcome resistance to currently recommended antimicrobial agents and, (ii) to gain a better understanding of the efficacy of red blood cell exchange transfusion and indications for its use.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"739-752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for colistin-resistant, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections: a review. 耐粘菌素、广泛耐药（XDR）和广泛耐药（PDR）鲍曼不动杆菌感染的危险因素综述

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2532024

Christos Vrysis, Dimitrios S Kontogiannis, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Stylianos A Kakoullis, Matthew E Falagas

{"title":"Risk factors for colistin-resistant, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections: a review.","authors":"Christos Vrysis, Dimitrios S Kontogiannis, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Stylianos A Kakoullis, Matthew E Falagas","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2532024","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2532024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates commonly have high antimicrobial resistance levels. We evaluated the risk factors associated with colistin-resistant, extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii.Areas covered: A literature review was done using three electronic resources, encompassing 18 observational studies with 2,462 participants. Our study examined the association between risk factors and infections caused by colistin-resistant (6 studies, 847 participants), XDR (10 studies, 1413 participants), and PDR Acinetobacter baumannii (3 studies, 202 participants). The most common independent risk factor identified for all three resistance phenotypes was prior use of antibiotics, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) ranging from 1.3 to 155.9. Additional contributing factors included mechanical ventilation, prolonged stays in the intensive care unit (ICU), and use of invasive devices, such as urinary catheters, central line catheters, and hemodialysis catheters. The severity of illness was also linked to these infections, as indicated by high scores on the APACHE II, SOFA, or SAPS II scales.Expert opinion: Certain risk factors, particularly prior use of antibiotics, have been consistently associated with the development of three resistant phenotypes. Future research should focus on multicenter studies with well-defined criteria for resistance, identifying risk factors, and guiding intervention strategies more effectively.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"691-703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From guesswork to guidelines: advancing diagnostic stewardship in immunocompromised hosts. 从猜测到指南：推进免疫功能低下宿主的诊断管理。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2545504

Paul Kinsella, Karin Thursky, Monica A Slavin, Gemma K Reynolds

{"title":"From guesswork to guidelines: advancing diagnostic stewardship in immunocompromised hosts.","authors":"Paul Kinsella, Karin Thursky, Monica A Slavin, Gemma K Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2545504","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2545504","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diagnostic stewardship, the optimization of diagnostic testing to improve patient outcomes, is a rapidly evolving field; however, data relating to immunocompromised hosts are scarce.Areas covered: This review examines recent advances in diagnostic stewardship and explores best practice principles for key clinical scenarios in immunocompromised patients, including febrile neutropenia, central nervous system infections, invasive fungal infections, cytomegalovirus, and Clostridioides difficile infection.Expert opinion: Key challenges remain, including optimizing test utilization without compromising patient safety, interpreting advanced diagnostics in the context of immunosuppression, and demonstrating cost-effectiveness. A multidisciplinary approach incorporating both diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship principles is essential to improve outcomes in this complex patient population. Future research should focus on prospective evaluation of diagnostic stewardship interventions and their impact on clinical and economic outcomes in immunocompromised hosts.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"723-737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances and controversies in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis: a clinical perspective. 神经囊虫病诊断与治疗的进展与争议：临床观点。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2536825

Tissiana Marques de Haes, Thales Pardini Fagundes, Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui

{"title":"Advances and controversies in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis: a clinical perspective.","authors":"Tissiana Marques de Haes, Thales Pardini Fagundes, Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2536825","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2536825","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neurocysticercosis remains the leading parasitic infection of the human central nervous system and a primary cause of epilepsy in low- and middle-income regions. Although advances in magnetic resonance imaging, serologic assays, and antiparasitic regimens have improved disease recognition and lesion targeting, major clinical questions remain unresolved regarding optimal diagnosis and management.Areas covered: This Perspective critically reviews current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in neurocysticercosis, emphasizing the role of high-resolution imaging and evolving immunologic tools. The literature search methodology included searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on publications related to neurocysticercosis diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and public health interventions. It discusses treatment selection based on cyst location, stage, and host immune profile, and explores the evidence supporting albendazole and praziquantel in parenchymal, ventricular, subarachnoid, and disseminated forms. Pediatric, pregnant, and immunocompromised patients are examined as distinct clinical populations.Expert opinion: The management of neurocysticercosis demands individualized, lesion-specific strategies rather than uniform protocols. While advances in imaging and immunotherapy hold promise, implementation barriers persist in endemic areas. Future priorities include robust randomized trials for extraparenchymal disease, validation of immunologic biomarkers, and integrated public health measures to reduce the disease burden globally.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"705-722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A plain language summary of the safety and effectiveness of isavuconazole for the treatment of serious fungal disease in children with a weakened immune system. isavuconazole的用法和样例：isavuconazole的用法和样例：isavuconazole的用法和样例：

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2527411

Antonio C Arrieta, Laura Kovanda, Marc Engelhardt, Mark Jones, Rodney Croos-Dabrera, Shamim Sinnar, Amit Desai

引用次数: 0

Identifying predictors of treatment failure with community-acquired pneumonia: an update. 识别社区获得性肺炎治疗失败的预测因素：最新进展。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2527972

Catia Cilloniz, Alejandro Videla, Juan M Pericàs

{"title":"Identifying predictors of treatment failure with community-acquired pneumonia: an update.","authors":"Catia Cilloniz, Alejandro Videla, Juan M Pericàs","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2527972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2527972","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Treatment failure is a critical outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially in severe cases, where it increases the risk of complications, prolonged hospital stays and mortality. Treatment failure was reported between 4% and 32% in severe CAP cases. Identifying causes and risk factors for treatment failure is crucial as it enables timely modifications to antibiotic treatment, accurate identification of patients who may require admission to the intensive care unit, and implementation of appropriate management strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and host responses leading to treatment failure is essential for improving patient outcomes.Areas covered: The authors discuss the latest scientific evidence on treatment failure focusing on definition, risk factors, causes, etiology, and the role of biomarkers. This article is based on the available literature from PubMed.Expert opinion: Early detection and timely initiation of proper antimicrobial therapy are key elements to prevent treatment failure and complications, ultimately reducing CAP-associated mortality. However, treatment failure requires a more nuanced approach: identifying and categorizing complications, understanding its timing (early vs. late), and recognizing main risk factors and biomarkers that could help predict, diagnose and monitor treatment failure as early as possible. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the prevention of treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"797-809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How frequent is dolutegravir resistance? 偏重力抵抗有多频繁？

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2529431

Jolieke A T van Osch, Thibault Mesplède

{"title":"How frequent is dolutegravir resistance?","authors":"Jolieke A T van Osch, Thibault Mesplède","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2529431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2529431","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV remains a major global health concern. Unexpected disruptions in antiretroviral drug supply chains carry increased mortality and transmission risks. The integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir plays an increasingly critical role in the global fight against the epidemic. Its high barrier to resistance has been extensively documented in rich countries. Recent reports of resistance cases after dolutegravir failure in resource-limited cohorts raise concerns about whether its high barrier to resistance will hold in low-income countries.Areas covered: For this review, we performed a search on the recent published literature and conference communications focused on acquired drug resistance against dolutegravir in low- and middle-income countries.Expert opinion: Overall, the data unsurprisingly showed that resistance against dolutegravir emerged mainly from unsuppressed individuals with treatment adherence issues. This emergence happened at a population rate below 1% despite structural challenges. Almost half of the resistance cases involved the R263K substitution, which did not always preclude re-suppression with dolutegravir. Minor adjustments in the programmatic large-scale rollout of dolutegravir could further improve these outcomes. Continued treatment adherence support and the preservation of antiretroviral drug supply chains remain crucial for the success of HIV treatment.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"671-681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescriber knowledge, behaviour and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Oman. 阿曼开处方者关于抗生素使用和抗生素耐药性的知识、行为和态度。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2538613

Zainab Said Al-Hashimy, Barbara R Conway, Sayer Al-Azzam, Reema Karasneh, Said Saud Al Harthi, Stuart E Bond, Mamoon A Aldeyab

{"title":"Prescriber knowledge, behaviour and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Oman.","authors":"Zainab Said Al-Hashimy, Barbara R Conway, Sayer Al-Azzam, Reema Karasneh, Said Saud Al Harthi, Stuart E Bond, Mamoon A Aldeyab","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2538613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2538613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance threatens patients, healthcare systems, and the world's economy. Antimicrobial stewardship programs use evidence-based strategies to monitor and assess antibiotic use. This study aimed to identify prescribers' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Oman.Research design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that was adapted from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control instruments. The survey was distributed among prescribers in Oman's Ministry of Health.Results: The survey included a total of 371 prescribers. Most respondents were specialists, and 73% worked in hospitals. Antibiotics' effectiveness against viruses, needless use, and adverse effects were accurately answered by over 95% of prescribers. Eighty-four percent of prescribers realized the connection between their prescribing of antibiotics and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Approximately 80% agreed that they address antibiotic resistance and consider it when treating patients. Around 70% of prescribers knew of the Oman national action plan to combat antibiotic resistance. Sixty-six percent of prescribers wanted information regarding antibiotic resistance, 49% about antibiotic use, and 40% about antibiotic prescriptions and medical problems.Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for interventions to inform prescriber knowledge and behavior, improve antibiotic prescribing practices, and combat the spread of antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial management of complex biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers: a microbiological perspective. 糖尿病足溃疡复杂生物膜的抗菌管理：微生物学观点。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2538614

Manuela Oliveira, Eva Cunha, Luís Tavares, Isa Serrano

{"title":"Antimicrobial management of complex biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers: a microbiological perspective.","authors":"Manuela Oliveira, Eva Cunha, Luís Tavares, Isa Serrano","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2538614","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2538614","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant health concern, often complicated by biofilm formation which delays healing and increases the risk of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). Effective management of complex biofilms is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of amputation and premature death.Areas covered: This review summarizes the current state of microbiological research on DFIs, focusing on bacterial populations, biofilm interactions, and their role in antibiotic resistance development, being based on a PubMed search from 1975 to 2025. It also explores recent advances in antimicrobial therapies, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and other novel treatments.Expert opinion: Antimicrobial stewardship, broader access to medical resources, and improved sanitation are essential to diminish the impact of diabetes on healthcare systems. Furthermore, the development of a rapid tool to detect antibiotic-tolerant cells is fundamental to avoid DFIs relapse. The biofilms dynamics and the dual relationship between biofilms and the immune system should be further understood. While traditional antibiotics are essential to treat DFIs, a multi-combinatorial strategy combining conventional compounds with alternative therapies should be more effective to overcome resistance and promote wound healing in DFUs.","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"811-828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0