Marina Šagud, Maja Bajs Janović, Suzana Uzun, Biljana Kosanović Rajačić, Oliver Kozumplik, Nela Pivac
{"title":"Could self-reporting sleep duration become an important tool in the prediction of dementia?","authors":"Marina Šagud, Maja Bajs Janović, Suzana Uzun, Biljana Kosanović Rajačić, Oliver Kozumplik, Nela Pivac","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2506459","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2506459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Optimal sleep duration is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of overall health, including cognitive functioning. Studies often report a U- or J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and incident dementia or cognitive deterioration, whereas long sleep, the extremes of sleep duration, and the transition to long sleep were particularly detrimental. In preclinical studies, partial or complete sleep deprivation produced inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as increased tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-β burden. In humans, although the findings are less pronounced, they still highlight that transitioning to an excessive sleep duration is associated with neurodegeneration. Moreover, the association between sleep duration and dementia is complex and modified by genetic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors, along with psychiatric and somatic comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the current knowledge on the association between sleep duration and dementia. It is based on a literature search for meta-analyses of prospective studies with sleep duration as an exposure and dementia as an outcome.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Sleep duration is a modifiable risk factor for dementia while long sleep may be an early sign of neurodegeneration. Therefore, self-reported sleep duration is an easy-to-use tool for detecting individuals who may be at risk for cognitive deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"737-751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalina I Coclitu, Cris S Constantinescu, Radu Tanasescu
{"title":"Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.","authors":"Catalina I Coclitu, Cris S Constantinescu, Radu Tanasescu","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2510405","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2510405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>MS is a disease continuum in which maladaptive inflammation and neurodegeneration co-occur from onset and evolve over time. Recent progress in the understating of MS pathobiology creates new perspectives for novel neuroprotective therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors briefly review the mechanisms underlying inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS and discuss the current and emerging strategies to promote neuroprotection in MS. Data were derived in large part from extensive review of the published literature available on PubMed (up to 5th of March 2025).</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Strategies for neuroprotection should be ideally implemented early in the course of MS. They should consider the interplay between neuroinflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration, the maladaptive changes in the CNS innate immunity resident cells, axonal mitochondrial dysfunction (axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination, ARMD), and remyelination. There is a need for adequate biomarkers that can help to monitor outcomes of target engagement. Comorbidities and aging can worsen neurodegeneration and impair neuroprotective/regenerative processes. Candidate drugs from preclinical and early clinical studies should be tested in multi-arm multistage adaptive trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"791-817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tobacco use disorder and depression: emerging strategies and recommendations.","authors":"Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2506460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2506460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"881-882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in the treatment of familial dysautonomia: what does the future hold?","authors":"Margarita Grobocopatel Marra, Mechteld Kuijpers, Horacio Kaufmann, Alejandra Gonzalez-Duarte","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2525400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2525400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a single point mutation in the <i>ELP1</i> gene, leading to a deficiency in the Elongator Protein 1. Management has traditionally focused on symptomatic supportive care and prevention of complications. However, promising disease-modifying treatments are now being developed to correct the underlying splicing defect in <i>ELP1</i>.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors searched PubMed, GoogleScholar, and clinicaltrials.gov for all types of studies regarding the genetic basis of FD and recent advances in the development of disease-modifying therapies, including publications available through November 2025.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Experimental evidence indicates that boosting ELP1 protein levels could halt disease progression. Several small molecules and genetic therapies have shown the ability to enhance wild-type ELP1 mRNA and protein expression in animal models. An ongoing N-of-1 clinical trial is evaluating the intrathecal administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) designed to correct the splicing defect in an individual with FD. Combining small molecules, such as optimized potent oral kinetin derivatives, with intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and intravitreal gene therapy using viral vectors presents a synergistic therapeutic approach to elevate ELP1 levels. Assessing the efficacy and safety of these targeted strategies will require innovative, well-designed clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiola De Marchi, Ivan Lombardi, Alessandro Bombaci, Luca Diamanti, Marco Olivero, Elisa Perciballi, Danilo Tornabene, Edvige Vulcano, Daniela Ferrari, Letizia Mazzini
{"title":"Recent therapeutic advances in the treatment and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the era of regenerative medicine.","authors":"Fabiola De Marchi, Ivan Lombardi, Alessandro Bombaci, Luca Diamanti, Marco Olivero, Elisa Perciballi, Danilo Tornabene, Edvige Vulcano, Daniela Ferrari, Letizia Mazzini","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2508781","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2508781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite decades of research, effective disease-modifying treatments for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) remain scarce. The emergence of regenerative medicine presents a new frontier for ALS treatment.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review is based on a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Scopus and clinical trials databases on the recent therapeutic advancements in ALS, giving focus to regenerative medicine. The article includes coverage of stem cell-based therapies, including mesenchymal, neural and induced pluripotent stem cells; all of which may offer potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Gene therapy, particularly antisense oligonucleotides targeting ALS-related mutations, has gained traction, with tofersen becoming the first FDA-approved genetic therapy for ALS. The article also covers emerging approaches such as extracellular vesicles, immune-modulating therapies, and bioengineering techniques, including CRISPR-based gene editing and cellular reprogramming, that hold promise for altering disease progression.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While regenerative medicine provides hope for ALS patients, significant challenges remain. Biomarkers will play a crucial role in guiding personalized treatment strategies, ensuring targeted interventions. Future research should prioritize optimizing combinatory approaches, integrating different therapy strategies to maximize patient outcomes. Although regenerative medicine is still in its early clinical stages, its integration into ALS treatment paradigms could redefine disease management and alter its natural course.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"773-789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in fluid and tissue-based biomarkers for use in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Ravi Rajmohan, April Wen, Claire Henchcliffe","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2515068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2515068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease leading to motor and non-motor disabilities. Broadly accessible fluid- or tissue-based biomarkers will complement neuroimaging and may allow earlier identification and more precise tracking.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors have reviewed the recent advances from original full-text English-language articles that were indexed in the PubMed database between June 2023 and June 2024. Articles were identified using the PubMed MESH terms 'Parkinson's Disease' AND 'biomarkers' that focused on using a fluid or tissue-based biomarker to distinguish participants with PD from healthy controls or other conditions. The most promising new biomarkers are those measuring α-synuclein from cerebrospinal fluid or skin biopsy. A significant limitation of these studies is their reliance on a clinical diagnosis of PD, mostly without neuropathological confirmation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Mounting evidence supports the validity of CSF and skin biopsy-based detection of α-synuclein for the distinction of PD from healthy controls, although not yet from the spectrum of α-synucleinopathies nor from non-α-synuclein forms of parkinsonism. Nonetheless, the potential to detect individuals who will develop PD may revolutionize our ability to test potential preventive interventions before motor symptoms develop. Machine-learning approaches offer promising strategies for efficient identification and validation of novel biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamil H Muradov, Hannah Reid, Ellen Parker, Jackie Phinney, David B Clarke, Alon Friedman, Mark A MacLean
{"title":"N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonist treatment in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the clinical studies.","authors":"Jamil H Muradov, Hannah Reid, Ellen Parker, Jackie Phinney, David B Clarke, Alon Friedman, Mark A MacLean","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2524102","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2524102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term disability. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling constitutes an important target for pharmacological treatment options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors have systematically reviewed primary clinical literature reporting on FDA-approved NMDAR antagonist treatment in TBI, based on a set of pre-defined eligibility criteria. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) recommendations. Patient characteristics, treatment conditions, and outcomes were reported according to PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review of five clinical literature databases identified 32 eligible studies. Of 1,827 included patients, the majority (74.8%) experienced severe TBI (weighted mean baseline GCS 6.35). Amantadine (24 studies) variably influenced functional recovery and was linked to adverse effects. Ketamine (five studies) variably lowered intracranial pressure and suppressed spreading depolarization. Memantine and dextromethorphan (2 and 1 studies, respectively) showed favorable safety profiles, though data were limited. Across controlled studies, there was a 0.46 (95% CI: 0.16-0.76) weighted mean difference between control and intervention, favoring NMDAR antagonist treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future trials should incorporate mechanism-driven biomarkers and must expand research on safe, well-tolerated drugs to improve efficacy and mitigate adverse effects.<b>PROSPERO registration number</b>: CRD42024539051.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic approaches for super-refractory status epilepticus: an update of the literature.","authors":"Yuming Hu, Xiaoyan Peng, Xuefeng Wang","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2524103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2524103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevention and treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) remains difficult. Rapid seizure termination and effective management of fatal complications are the keys to improving prognosis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review is based on the current literature related to SRSE published in the PubMed database from 2000-March 2025 using the keywords 'SRSE' and 'drug treatment.' The purpose of this article is to shed new light and perspective on the treatment of SRSE.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>SRSE treatment should first target the primary disease that causes SRSE. As the primary disease improves, the frequency of attacks gradually decreases. However, persistent epileptic seizures can cause brain damage and functional disorders, thereby altering the evolution of the primary disease. Therefore, the quick termination of epileptic seizures in patients and the proper management of fatal complications are important measures that can improve patient prognosis. Ketamine, a KD and combination therapy are the most common treatments. Although no consensus has been established, these treatments are generally successful. Neuromodulation, new antiepileptic drugs and surgery are also promising therapeutic areas. However, most reports include individual cases or case series, and thus these drugs and methods should be used with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The pivotal role of central sensitization in long COVID, fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.","authors":"Don L Goldenberg","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2025.2516097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2025.2516097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long COVID is a condition characterized by persistent unexplained symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These symptoms are not related to another disease or organ damage and are similar to those in fibromyalgia and myslgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The similar clinical and pathophysiological features and management of long COVID, fibromyalgia and ME/CFS are explored from the unifying framework of central sensitivity syndromes. The article is based on a literature search utilizing PubMed for content published between 2021 and 1 May 2025, using search terms: long COVID, long COVID syndrome, post-COVID-19, post-acute SARS-CoV-2, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, post-exertional malaise and central sensitization.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Once long COVID is redefined to exclude patients with well-defined organ disease, it fits best as a model of central sensitization. Long COVID is a single syndrome, rather than many distinct diseases. Optimal management of long COVID and similar central sensitivity syndromes should include personalized care with a primary care led-multidisciplinary team.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}