Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy最新文献_第6页

Complicated urinary tract infections: an update of new and developing antibiotics. 复杂的尿路感染：新的和正在开发的抗生素的更新。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2446632

Silvia Guerriero, Elena Matteini, Maya M Gross, Filippo Gavi, Enrica Tamburrini, Rita Murri, Carlo Torti, Emilio Sacco

{"title":"Complicated urinary tract infections: an update of new and developing antibiotics.","authors":"Silvia Guerriero, Elena Matteini, Maya M Gross, Filippo Gavi, Enrica Tamburrini, Rita Murri, Carlo Torti, Emilio Sacco","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2446632","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2446632","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) represent a significant clinical challenge due to their association with sepsis, high morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of recurrence and chronic infection. Effective management requires prompt, targeted interventions.Areas covered: This review highlights the importance of early, targeted antibiotic therapy based on local resistance profiles, patient-specific factors, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations. We examined emerging and existing antibiotics, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, which show potential against multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) linked to cUTI. Additionally, we propose revisiting the broad definition of cUTI to promote a more pragmatic approach that minimizes unnecessary antibiotic use and hospitalization.Expert opinion: Current evidence underscores the need for antimicrobial stewardship, precise diagnostics, and innovative therapies to address cUTI while mitigating antimicrobial resistance. A targeted, patient-centered approach is essential to optimize outcomes and reduce the burden of resistant infections.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on emerging pharmacological treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction. 睑板腺功能障碍的新药物治疗进展。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2450360

Giulia Coco, Giuseppe Giannaccare

{"title":"An update on emerging pharmacological treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction.","authors":"Giulia Coco, Giuseppe Giannaccare","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2450360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2450360","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) represents the most common cause of dry eye disease (DED). Traditional treatments mainly rely on heating and liquifying the meibum to favor its expression. However, recent knowledge advances have led to the development of novel therapies specifically designed for patients with MGD.Areas covered: Literature search was conducted on current and novel treatments for MGD. Conventional treatment strategies, non-pharmacological approved device-based therapies, approved dry eye therapies and both recently approved and emerging pharmacological treatments specifically designed to address MGD are discussed.Expert opinion: The better understanding of MGD and DED pathophysiology has allowed to develop drugs able to target the primary mechanisms of the disease. Miebo has been the first FDA approved drug for patients with DED associated with MGD and its ability to reduce the tear film layer evaporation rate and the minimal impact on the quality of vision are important innovations. Great expectations also accompany the phase 3 study of AZR-MD-001, understood to be a keratolytic and lipogenic agent able to improve meibum quantity and quality. The chance to specifically target MGD represents an important step forward and will allow more tailored treatment for each type of ocular surface disease.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective. 帕罗罗汀在进行性骨化性纤维发育不良中的作用：综述与展望。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2452938

Vincent A Verheij, Robert J Diecidue, Esmée Botman, Joseph D Harrington, Nobuhiko Haga, Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo, Patricia L R Delai, Vrisha Madhuri, Mona Al Mukaddam, Keqin Zhang, Tae-Joon Cho, Rolf Morhart, Richard Keen, Carmen L De Cunto, Clive S Friedman, Zvi Grunwald, Michael Zasloff, J Coen Netelenbos, Edward Hsiao, Frederick S Kaplan, Robert J Pignolo, Christiaan Scott, Elisabeth Marelise W Eekhoff

{"title":"Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.","authors":"Vincent A Verheij, Robert J Diecidue, Esmée Botman, Joseph D Harrington, Nobuhiko Haga, Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo, Patricia L R Delai, Vrisha Madhuri, Mona Al Mukaddam, Keqin Zhang, Tae-Joon Cho, Rolf Morhart, Richard Keen, Carmen L De Cunto, Clive S Friedman, Zvi Grunwald, Michael Zasloff, J Coen Netelenbos, Edward Hsiao, Frederick S Kaplan, Robert J Pignolo, Christiaan Scott, Elisabeth Marelise W Eekhoff","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2452938","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2452938","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.A., Canada and Australia but remains unapproved in Europe where concerns surrounding the drug and its path to regional market authorization persist.Areas covered: The developmental history of palovarotene and an overview of the clinical trials and the regulatory approval journey are discussed by global FOP experts.Expert opinion: While post hoc analyses indicate that palovarotene may have modest benefits for the inhibition of new HO formation in FOP, a number of limitations and concerns remain about its generalized use. Although the long-term risks and benefits of treatment with palovarotene remain unknown, the regional approval of palovarotene marks a milestone for the FOP community at the very beginning of a new era of clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on promising and emerging protein kinase B/AKT inhibitors for breast cancer.

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2454290

Riccardo Asnaghi, Gabriele Antonarelli, Elena Battaiotto, Grazia Castellano, Lorenzo Guidi, Davide Izzo, Paola Zagami, Dario Trapani, Giuseppe Curigliano

{"title":"An update on promising and emerging protein kinase B/AKT inhibitors for breast cancer.","authors":"Riccardo Asnaghi, Gabriele Antonarelli, Elena Battaiotto, Grazia Castellano, Lorenzo Guidi, Davide Izzo, Paola Zagami, Dario Trapani, Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2454290","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2454290","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The PI3K pathway is crucial in breast cancer (BC), influencing cell survival, growth, and metabolism, with AKT playing a central role in treatment resistance. This pathway's involvement in breast carcinogenesis and its link to treatment resistance underscores the significance of targeting it in BC therapy. PI3K-pathway inhibitors offer new therapeutic avenues but bring challenges, especially due to toxicity issues that hinder their development.Areas covered: This review discusses the PI3K-pathway inhibitors used in BC, highlighting emerging, innovative strategies.Expert opinion: The introduction of mTOR inhibitors marked a key step in tackling hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC, targeting endocrine resistance. However, toxicity concerns remain, especially with PIK3CA and AKT inhibitors. Selective PI3K-targeted agents aim to reduce off-target toxicity, enhancing patient adherence and control over the disease. New compounds employing allosteric mechanisms may further limit adverse effects and allow safer combination therapies, previously limited by toxicity. Advancements in dosing strategies focus on patient-centered outcomes, and synergistic agents are essential in advancing AKT-pathway inhibition, paving the way for a new phase in HR+ BC treatment.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"235-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in the pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia through the use of combination therapies. 联合治疗高脂血症的药理学研究进展。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2444986

Anthony S Wierzbicki

{"title":"Advances in the pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia through the use of combination therapies.","authors":"Anthony S Wierzbicki","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2444986","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2444986","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lipid-lowering therapies are well established for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Historically monotherapy studies have been performed, but the introduction of statins has led to these drugs being recognized as baseline therapies and to the investigation of combination therapy of both older and newer medications with them.Areas covered: Surrogate marker studies have shown additive effects on LDL-C, triglycerides and HDL-C of combination therapies with statins and these have extended to lipoprotein (a). Imaging studies have often shown benefits paralleling lipid studies. However, outcome studies have failed to show added benefits with niacin or fibrates while confirming the benefits of ezetimibe, bempedoic acid and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors and icosapent ethyl.Expert opinion: Combination therapy for LDL-C in dual combinations is well validated. Data for intervention on triglycerides is limited to icosapent ethyl, but this may exert effects independent of lipids. New drugs targeting triglycerides through apolipoprotein C3 and angiopoietin-like peptides are in development. Studies on combination therapy raising HDL-C have generally disappointed, though cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition remains a target. Lipoprotein (a) is recognized as a CVD risk factor and effective therapies are in development but results on CVD events are lacking.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current and emerging bone resorption inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis. 当前和新兴的骨吸收抑制剂治疗骨质疏松症。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2451741

Apostolos I Gogakos, Athanasios D Anastasilakis

{"title":"Current and emerging bone resorption inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis.","authors":"Apostolos I Gogakos, Athanasios D Anastasilakis","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451741","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451741","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and strength, and increased risk for fragility fractures. It is a major health issue in aging populations, due to fracture-associated increased disability and mortality. Antiresorptive treatments are first line choices in most of the cases.Areas covered: Bone homeostasis is complicated, and multiple factors can compromise skeletal health. Bone turnover is a continuous process regulated by the coupled activities of bone cells that preserves skeletal strength and integrity. Imbalance between bone resorption and formation leads to bone loss and increased susceptibility to fractures. Antiresorptives prevent bone loss and reduce fracture risk, by targeting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function and survival. Their major drawback is the coupling of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, due to which any reduction in bone resorption is followed by suppression of bone formation.Expert opinion: During the last couple of decades significant progress has been made in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of osteoporosis. Critical pathways and key molecules that mediate regulation of bone resorption have been identified. These factors may underpin novel therapeutic avenues for osteoporosis, but their potential for translation into clinical applications is yet to be tested.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"265-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring emerging pharmacotherapies for type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia. 探索2型糖尿病合并高甘油三酯血症患者的新兴药物治疗方法。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2451752

Brian Tomlinson, Paul Chan

{"title":"Exploring emerging pharmacotherapies for type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia.","authors":"Brian Tomlinson, Paul Chan","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451752","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Atherogenic dyslipidemia with increased triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles is a major risk factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is regarded as a residual risk after achieving target levels of LDL cholesterol.Areas covered: This article reviews the novel therapies to reduce triglycerides in patients with T2D. These were identified by a PubMed search and mainly focus on pemafibrate and the drugs targeting apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3).Expert opinion: Current therapies to reduce triglycerides in patients with T2D include fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids but these are often not sufficient and the evidence for CV benefits is limited. Pemafibrate was effective in reducing triglycerides in patients with T2D but did not reduce CV events in the PROMINENT study. Inhibitors of apoC3 are effective in reducing triglycerides even in familial chylomicronaemia syndrome and olezarsen and plozasiran in this group are being studied in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. The ANGPTL3 inhibitor evinacumab has been approved for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and other ANGPTL3 inhibitors may prove to be useful to reduce triglycerides in T2D.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"279-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New cytomegalovirus antiviral therapy: unlocking future prospects in treating cytomegalovirus-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. 新的巨细胞病毒抗病毒疗法：打开巨细胞病毒诱导的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞病治疗的未来前景。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2456586

Linn Åsholt Rolsdorph, Håkon Reikvam

引用次数: 0

One-year incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in oxaliplatin- or taxane-based chemotherapy: a multicenter, prospective registry study (MiroCIP study). 以奥沙利铂或紫杉烷为基础的化疗中化疗引起的周围神经病变的一年发生率：一项多中心、前瞻性登记研究（MiroCIP研究）。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2455445

Sonoko Misawa, Tadamichi Denda, Sho Kodama, Takuji Suzuki, Yoichi Naito, Takahiro Kogawa, Mamoru Takada, Aoi Hino, Kazuhito Shiosakai, Satoshi Kuwabara

{"title":"One-year incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in oxaliplatin- or taxane-based chemotherapy: a multicenter, prospective registry study (MiroCIP study).","authors":"Sonoko Misawa, Tadamichi Denda, Sho Kodama, Takuji Suzuki, Yoichi Naito, Takahiro Kogawa, Mamoru Takada, Aoi Hino, Kazuhito Shiosakai, Satoshi Kuwabara","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2455445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2455445","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and its associated pain negatively affect patient outcomes and quality of life (QoL). The two-part MiroCIP study included interventional and prospective observational studies. Here, we report the latter, describing CIPN incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.Research design and methods: This 1-year, multicenter, prospective registry study (May 2021-April 2023) included patients aged ≥ 20 years with colorectal, gastric, non-small cell lung, or breast cancer who were scheduled to undergo chemotherapy with oxaliplatin or taxane. The primary endpoint was Grade ≥ 2 sensory CIPN incidence within 12 months after chemotherapy initiation. Subjective and objective symptoms, QoL, and pain were evaluated.Results: Overall, 216 patients (female, 64.4%; mean age, 60.3 years) were included. Ninety-one (42.1%) and 131 (60.6%) patients received oxaliplatin- and taxane-based chemotherapy, respectively (six received both and were included in both groups). Grade ≥ 2 CIPN occurred in 96 patients (44.4%; 72.8/100 person-years), with 70.8% (68/96 patients) developing symptoms within 90 days. The most prominent CIPN symptoms were limb numbness/tingling and decreased vibration sensibility. No clinically meaningful risk factors were identified.Conclusions: We clarified CIPN incidence in cancer patients. Subjective symptoms (limb numbness/tingling, decreased vibration sensibility) and pain are important CIPN symptoms requiring careful monitoring.Trial registration: jRCTs031210101.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of current and emerging estrogen receptor agonists for vaginal atrophy. 目前和新出现的雌激素受体激动剂治疗阴道萎缩的综述。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2451150

Gilbert G G Donders, Karolina Akinosoglou, Zoë Massie, And Sabriye Özçelik

{"title":"Review of current and emerging estrogen receptor agonists for vaginal atrophy.","authors":"Gilbert G G Donders, Karolina Akinosoglou, Zoë Massie, And Sabriye Özçelik","doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451150","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2451150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) predominantly affects postmenopausal women due to hormonal decline but can also occur in premenopausal women with conditions such as primary ovarian insufficiency or exposure to anti-estrogen medications. Contributing factors include smoking and certain medical treatments. Symptoms like dyspareunia and loss of sexual function affect many women but are underreported due to stigma and lack of awareness. Current treatments range from over-the-counter lubricants to hormonal therapies like estrogen receptor agonists, which improve vaginal elasticity and moisture with minimal systemic absorption.Areas covered: This review evaluates current and emerging estrogen receptor agonists for VVA treatment. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed between August and September 2024, supplemented by snowball sampling from key references.Expert opinion: Despite its prevalence, VVA remains underdiagnosed, with increasing recognition due to longer lifespans and focus on quality of life. Diagnosis involves comprehensive symptom assessment, including sexual history, urinary tract infection frequency, and clinical exams, with vaginal pH measurements and smear microscopy to determine the condition's severity. Treatment usually involves estrogen, but not all women can safely use it, and preferences toward estrogen must be respected. Alternatives like selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as prasterone and ospemifene show promise but need more long-term safety data. Emerging options like E3 and E4 demonstrate efficacy and safety in low doses. Future treatments will emphasize convenience and adherence, making timely diagnosis and management of VVA routine in women's health care.","PeriodicalId":12184,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0