Experimental psychology最新文献_第9页

Do Beliefs About Font Size Affect Retrospective Metamemory Judgments in Addition to Prospective Judgments? 除了前瞻判断外，关于字体大小的信念是否影响回顾性元记忆判断?

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000549

Karlos Luna, Pedro B Albuquerque

{"title":"Do Beliefs About Font Size Affect Retrospective Metamemory Judgments in Addition to Prospective Judgments?","authors":"Karlos Luna, Pedro B Albuquerque","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000549","url":null,"abstract":" Beliefs about how memory works explain several effects on prospective metamemory judgments (e.g., the effect of font size on judgments of learning; JOLs). Less is known about the effect of beliefs on retrospective judgments (i.e., confidence). Here, we tested whether font size also affects confidence ratings and whether beliefs play a similar role in confidence than in JOLs. In two experiments, participants studied words in small and large size, rated JOLs, and completed a font-size test in which they indicated the font size at study and a standard old/new recognition test. The results confirmed that font size affected both JOLs and confidence ratings. The presentation of the counter-belief that memory is better for words in small font size in Experiment 2 and the analyses of confidence for participants who did not believe that large fonts improved memory suggested that the effect of font size on confidence was based on beliefs. This research shows that the debate on theory-based and experience-based factors should not be limited to prospective metamemory judgments but also encompass retrospective judgments.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"69 3","pages":"172-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40420471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Collective Punishment and Cheating in the Die-Under-the-Cup Task. 集体惩罚与杯赛任务中的作弊。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000543

Erez Siniver, Yossef Tobol, Gideon Yaniv

{"title":"Collective Punishment and Cheating in the Die-Under-the-Cup Task.","authors":"Erez Siniver, Yossef Tobol, Gideon Yaniv","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000543","url":null,"abstract":"A popular tool in the experimental research on dishonest behavior is the die-under-the-cup (DUTC) task in which subjects roll a die in private and report the outcome to the experimenter after being promised a payoff which increases with the die's outcome. The present paper reports the results of incorporating collective punishment into the DUTC task. We ran two experiments, each involving two rounds of the task performed in a computer lab. Despite being asked not to cheat, the average reported outcome in the first round exceeded the statistical expectancy of 3.5. The second round of the first experiment involved the threat that if this happened again, each subject would be fined by the difference between the average reported outcome and 3.5. Nevertheless, the average reported outcome in the second round significantly exceeded that of the first round. Running a second experiment, this time without the punishment threat, we ruled out the possibility that the increased cheating in the second round of the first experiment was due to a feedback effect, concluding that the threat of collective punishment acted to encourage cheating rather than helped deterring it.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pervasive Problem of Post Hoc Data Selection in Studies on Unconscious Processing. 无意识处理研究中普遍存在的后置数据选择问题。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000541

Marcus Rothkirch, D. Shanks, G. Hesselmann

引用次数: 9

The Nature of Word Associations in Sentence Contexts. 句子语境中单词联想的本质

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000547

Clara Planchuelo, Francisco Buades-Sitjar, José Antonio Hinojosa, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia

{"title":"The Nature of Word Associations in Sentence Contexts.","authors":"Clara Planchuelo, Francisco Buades-Sitjar, José Antonio Hinojosa, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000547","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000547","url":null,"abstract":" How words are interrelated in the human mind is a scientific topic on which there is still no consensus, with different views on how word co-occurrence and semantic relatedness mediate word association. Recent research has shown that lexical associations are strongly predicted by the similarity of those words in terms of valence, arousal, and concreteness ratings. In the current study, we aimed at extending these results to more complex and realistic linguistic scenarios, since human communication is not done with word pairs, but rather through sentences. Hence, the aim of the current study was to verify whether valence, arousal, and concreteness also articulate sentence-level lexical representations. To this end, 32 native Spanish speakers were given cue words and asked to use them in sentences that would provide a meaningful context. The content words of the written sentences were then analyzed. Our results showed that the emotional dimensions (valence and arousal) and concreteness values of the cue words effectively predicted the same values of said dimensions of their sentences' words. In sum, the similarity in the emotional dimensions and concreteness are crucial mechanisms behind word association in the human mind.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"69 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9386508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41540607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Search of the Preference Reversal Zone. 寻找偏好反转区。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000542

Steven Glautier,Hedwig Eisenbarth,Anne Macaskill

{"title":"In Search of the Preference Reversal Zone.","authors":"Steven Glautier,Hedwig Eisenbarth,Anne Macaskill","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000542","url":null,"abstract":"A preference reversal is observed when a preference for a larger-later (LL) reward over a smaller-sooner (SS) reward reverses as both rewards come closer in time. Preference reversals are common in everyday life and in the laboratory and are often claimed to support hyperbolic delay-discounting models which, in their simplest form, can model reversals with only one free parameter. However, it is not clear if the temporal location of preference reversals can be predicted a priori. Studies testing model predictions have not found support for them, but they overlooked the well-documented effect of reinforcer magnitude on discounting rate. Therefore, we directly tested hyperbolic and exponential model predictions in a pre-registered study by assessing individual discount rates for two reinforcer magnitudes. We then made individualized predictions about pairs of choices between which preference reversals should occur. With 107 participants, we found (1) little evidence that hyperbolic and exponential models could predict the temporal location of preference reversals, (2) some evidence that hyperbolic models had better predictive performance than exponential models, and (3) in contrast to many previous studies, that exponential models generally produced superior fits to the observed data than hyperbolic models.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"46-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Production Effect Interacts With Serial Positions 生产效应与序列位置相互作用

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000540

Sébastien Gionet, D. Guitard, J. Saint-Aubin

{"title":"The Production Effect Interacts With Serial Positions","authors":"Sébastien Gionet, D. Guitard, J. Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000540","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Reading some words aloud during presentation, that is, producing them, and reading other words silently generate a large memory advantage for words that are produced. This robust within-list production effect is in contrast with the between-lists condition in which all words are read aloud or silently. In a between-lists condition, produced items are better recognized, but not better recalled. The lack of a between-lists production effect with recall tasks has often been presented as one of its defining characteristics and as a benchmark for evaluating models. Recently, Cyr et al. (2021) showed that this occurs because item production interacts with serial positions: Produced items are less well recalled on the first serial positions than silently read items, while the reverse pattern is observed for the recency portion of the curve. However, this pattern was observed with a repeated-measures design, and it may be a by-product of compensatory processes under the control of participants. Here, using a between-participants design, we observed the predicted interaction between production and serial positions. The results further support the Revised Feature Model (RFM) suggesting that produced items are encoded with more modality-dependent distinctive features, therefore benefiting recall. However, the production of the additional distinctive features would disrupt rehearsal.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"69 1","pages":"12 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Search of the Preference Reversal Zone. 寻找偏好反转区。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/zg6fk

S. Glautier, H. Eisenbarth, Anne C. Macaskill

{"title":"In Search of the Preference Reversal Zone.","authors":"S. Glautier, H. Eisenbarth, Anne C. Macaskill","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/zg6fk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/zg6fk","url":null,"abstract":"A preference reversal is observed when a preference for a larger-later (LL) reward over a smaller-sooner (SS) reward reverses as both rewards come closer in time. Preference reversals are common in everyday life and in the laboratory and are often claimed to support hyperbolic delay-discounting models which, in their simplest form, can model reversals with only one free parameter. However, it is not clear if the temporal location of preference reversals can be predicted a priori. Studies testing model predictions have not found support for them, but they overlooked the well-documented effect of reinforcer magnitude on discounting rate. Therefore, we directly tested hyperbolic and exponential model predictions in a pre-registered study by assessing individual discount rates for two reinforcer magnitudes. We then made individualized predictions about pairs of choices between which preference reversals should occur. With 107 participants, we found (1) little evidence that hyperbolic and exponential models could predict the temporal location of preference reversals, (2) some evidence that hyperbolic models had better predictive performance than exponential models, and (3) in contrast to many previous studies, that exponential models generally produced superior fits to the observed data than hyperbolic models.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"46-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Functional Specificity of the Affordance of Reaching. 可达性的功能特异性。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000544

Tyler Surber, Tyler Overstreet, Hannah L Masoner, Catherine Dowell, A. Hajnal

{"title":"Functional Specificity of the Affordance of Reaching.","authors":"Tyler Surber, Tyler Overstreet, Hannah L Masoner, Catherine Dowell, A. Hajnal","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000544","url":null,"abstract":"The information that specifies whether an object is within reach is a complex pattern that depends on body-scaled parameters measured from an egocentric reference point. The pattern is a function of relevant body proportions (eye height, shoulder height [SH], arm length) with respect to the spatial location of the target object. In addition to not knowing how these factors map onto perception, it is also not known whether the egocentric viewpoint is centered at the eye or the shoulder. In three experiments, we systematically tested whether observers can perceive eye height and SH (Experiment 1), whether they can point accurately in the direction of a target object (Experiment 2), and whether they can point accurately to judge if the target object is within reach (Experiment 3). Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants are more accurate at judging their own eye height than SH. Experiment 2 revealed that participants can more accurately point to a target object's location when measured from the shoulder as a reference point than when measured from the eye. In Experiment 3, we showed that a higher-order variable that includes arm length, body height, and angle of declination to the target successfully predicted affordance judgments, regardless of a reference point. We consider this as evidence that the invariant is functionally specific, not tied to any one particular anatomical body part.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48854641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Blink and the Body 眨眼与身体

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000539

Erik M. Benau, R. Atchley

引用次数: 0

Infusing Context Into Emotion Perception Impacts Emotion Decoding Accuracy. 情境对情绪感知的影响

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Experimental psychology Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000531

Ursula Hess, Konstantinos Kafetsios

{"title":"Infusing Context Into Emotion Perception Impacts Emotion Decoding Accuracy.","authors":"Ursula Hess, Konstantinos Kafetsios","doi":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000531","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1618-3169/a000531","url":null,"abstract":" The accurate decoding of facial emotion expressions lies at the center of many research traditions in psychology. Much of this research, while paying lip service to the importance of context in emotion perception, has used stimuli that were carefully created to be deprived of contextual information. The participants' task is to associate the expression shown in the face with a correct label, essentially changing a social perception task into a cognitive task. In fact, in many cases, the task can be carried out correctly without engaging emotion recognition at all. The present article argues that infusing context in emotion perception does not only add an additional source of information but changes the way that participants approach the task by rendering it a social perception task rather than a cognitive task. Importantly, distinguishing between accuracy (perceiving the intended emotions) and bias (perceiving additional emotions to those intended) leads to a more nuanced understanding of social emotion perception. Results from several studies that use the Assessment of Contextual Emotions demonstrate the significance and social functionality of simultaneously considering emotion decoding accuracy and bias for social interaction in different cultures, their key personality and societal correlates, and their function for close relationships processes.","PeriodicalId":12173,"journal":{"name":"Experimental psychology","volume":"68 1","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44276184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0