European review for medical and pharmacological sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of combined GABA and L-theanine supplementation on sleep quality: an exploratory study.","authors":"H Konno, K Naganuma, Y Kamada","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202601_37647","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202601_37647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep disorders are a global issue, and sleep supplements and new devices for daily sleep status assessment are becoming widely available. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-theanine are dietary supplements commonly used to improve sleep. In this single-arm study, we examined whether combined intake of GABA (700 mg/day) and L-theanine (200 mg/day) improves sleep in adults with sleep problems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Participants received supplements for 4 weeks, and changes in sleep quality were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Furthermore, sleep-related data measured using the Fitbit Charge 5 were evaluated before and after supplement intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained results from 19 participants and found a significant improvement in the total PSQI score (mean ± standard deviation), from 9.42 ± 1.80 before to 6.26 ± 1.66 after supplement intake (mean difference, -3.15; 95% confidence interval, -4.01 to -2.31, p &lt; 0.001). Sleep recovery scores, which are 25-point scores calculated from heart rate during sleep and at rest and the time of turning over in bed, also improved significantly (p = 0.042). Furthermore, heart rate during sleep decreased significantly (1.3 bpm decrease) in the first week of intake (p = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simultaneous intake of GABA and L-theanine may improve sleep in adults. As this hypothesis is based on an exploratory study, further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of a fixed combination of ibuprofen/paracetamol in the management of acute pain: an Italian expert narrative review.","authors":"F Coluzzi, P Tranquilli Leali, D Perugia, R Pellegrino, P Romualdi","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37570","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An Italian multidisciplinary team of pain management experts reviewed ibuprofen and paracetamol in combination for acute pain. Effective treatment of acute pain should target both inflammation and pain signaling to reduce suffering and prevent the development of persistent pain. The combination of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and paracetamol appears to be a logical choice: paracetamol primarily acts centrally, while NSAIDs inhibit the inflammation that perpetuates the pain response. Both drugs are rapidly absorbed, reaching maximal concentrations within 1-2 hours. Coadministration may enhance paracetamol absorption, leading to earlier onset of pain relief. The rate of drug interactions between ibuprofen and paracetamol is low, and the two do not directly interact with each other. Multiple studies and meta-analyses have shown that the combination is more effective than placebo or either drug used alone in relieving postoperative pain and reducing the need for rescue analgesia after surgery or acute musculoskeletal injury. The most commonly evaluated daily dosage was ibuprofen/paracetamol 400/1,000 mg. A single-pill combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol also reduces the incidence of persistent pain compared with other systemic analgesics, with an adverse-effect profile similar to, or better than, placebo or monotherapy. When prescribing ibuprofen/paracetamol, physicians should consider age, blood pressure, and concomitant medications, particularly aspirin and warfarin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"609-619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double vs. triple antithrombotic therapy: a meta-analysis of the real-life effect in about 20,000 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary artery stenting.","authors":"M C Acconcia, Q Caretta, F Chiarotti, G Pannarale, G Tanzilli","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37566","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present meta-analysis is to assess and quantify the effectiveness in the current clinical practice of double antithrombotic therapy (DAT) vs. triple antithrombotic treatment (TAT) regimens in patients affected by atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary artery stenting, complementing findings based on randomized clinical trials (RCT) with those based on observational studies and registries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixteen observational studies were retrieved through the PubMed database. Risk ratio (RR) and absolute risk reduction (RD) with 95% confidence interval, together with the number needed to treat (NNT), were computed to compare the examined endpoints (mortality, major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, and stent thrombosis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis on RR in DAT in comparison to TAT demonstrated a significant reduction in bleeding risk, as expected. On the contrary, a significant increase in the risk of overall and cardiovascular death and of stent thrombosis was shown. The RD and the derived NNT ruled out that, due to the lower incidence of the events, the real benefit of DAT vs. TAT was a reduction of 2 major bleeding cases every 100 treated patients. On the contrary, the overall and cardiovascular mortality was increased in DAT, with two more deaths every 100 treated patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-analysis demonstrates that, to be appropriate for use in clinical practice, guidelines must be based on solid scientific evidence from RCTs, complemented by observational studies that better represent real-world patients and treatment adherence. Furthermore, in case of rare events, RR can amplify the size of an effect that is clinically not relevant. Efficacy measures that take into account the low incidence of the event, such as RD and NNT, are desirable. Furthermore, the NNT allows for the direct quantification of the number of patients who benefit or suffer harm from the study treatment and should therefore be preferred.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"563-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary bile acids and host metabolism: crosstalk, signaling pathways and therapeutic frontiers.","authors":"M Biagioli, S Marchianò, C Di Giorgio, E Rondini, G Urbani, E Distrutti, S Fiorucci","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37568","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bile acids, traditionally regarded as detergents essential for lipid solubilization and absorption, are now recognized as potent endocrine and immunomodulatory molecules that integrate metabolic, microbial, and inflammatory pathways. Primary bile acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver are transformed by gut microbiota into an extensive repertoire of secondary and microbially derived bile acids (MDBAs) that act as signaling mediators across multiple organs. These metabolites regulate host metabolism and immune homeostasis through activation of nuclear and membrane receptors, including FXR, GPBAR1, VDR, CAR, and RORγt. FXR-FGF19 and GPBAR1-GLP-1 pathways mediate enterohepatic and entero-pancreatic communication, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, while GPBAR1 activation in thermogenic tissues promotes thyroid hormone conversion and energy expenditure. Moreover, lithocholic acid and related secondary bile acids engage AMPK-sirtuin signaling, mimicking the systemic benefits of caloric restriction and contributing to longevity. By shaping the gut microbial ecosystem and influencing host physiology, bile acids constitute a molecular bridge between the microbiota and systemic metabolism. In this context, understanding the signaling landscape of secondary bile acids provides crucial insights into host-microbiota communication and unveils innovative therapeutic perspectives for metabolic, immune, and age-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"587-599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of silicon-based agent on allergic bronchitis caused by ragweed pollen.","authors":"H Takeuchi, S Takashima, M Taya, N Hino, C Kakinuma, Y Kobayashi, H Kobayashi, S Nakagawa","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37567","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Silicon (Si)-based agent is emerging as promising formulation for hydrogen therapy, as they can easily and continuously generate large amounts of hydrogen in the digestive tract. This agent can remove hydroxyl radicals, which have a strong oxidizing effect. Previous studies have shown its effectiveness against various oxidative stress-related diseases. Type I allergy is also classified as an oxidative-stress-related conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of a Si-based agent on allergic bronchitis, a type I allergic response, induced by ragweed pollen in a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Allergic bronchitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intranasally administration of ragweed pollen. Bronchitis was assessed by cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung histopathological analysis. mRNA expression levels of cytokines and chemokine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in lung tissue were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding with the Si-based agent significantly suppressed eosinophil counts in BALF and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung. However, no significant difference was observed between control and Si-treated groups in the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, or CCL-11 in lung tissue. In contrast, MDA levels were suppressed by Si-based agent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that the Si-based agent alleviates allergic bronchitis by suppressing eosinophilic infiltration into the lungs and reducing oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for Type I allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"578-586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Effects of effective antithyroid therapy on adiposity and skeletal muscle in patients with hyperthyroidism across gender and age groups.","authors":"H-Y Zhou, S-S Deng, S-Y Wei, S-G Chen, L-H Lai","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202512_37563","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (13): 6170-6175 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_32973D-PMID: 37458673, published online on July 13, 2023. Following an editorial quality check, we have determined that incorrect references from another article were inadvertently inserted into the final PDF. The error was not detected by the authors prior to publication, and the PDF file was approved for publication. The erratum is issued to correct the whole list of references. The corrected list of references is provided below: Lai CL, Wu H, Ni GJ. [Traditional Chinese medicine Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae from Guangdong and Xinhui textual criticism]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42: 789-794. Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, Palma A, Gentil P, Neri M, Paoli A. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med 2016; 14: 290. Hayashi A, Takano K, Kawakami Y, Hitomi M, Ohata Y, Suzuki A, Kamata Y, Shichiri M. Short-term Change in Resting Energy Expenditure and Body Compositions in Therapeutic Process for Graves' Disease. Intern Med 2020; 59: 1827-1833. New Medical Journal: Archives of Scientific and Practical Medicine. Buffalo Med Surg J 1872; 12: 154. Bande AR, Kalra P, Dharmalingam M, Selvan C, Suryanarayana KM. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Patients with Hyperthyroidism and its Association with Body Fat Percentage. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23: 557-562. Caixàs A, Tirado R, Vendrell J, Gallart L, Megía A, Simón I, Llauradó G, González-Clemente JM, Giménez-Palop O. Plasma visfatin concentrations increase in both hyper and hypothyroid subjects after normalization of thyroid function and are not related to insulin resistance, anthropometric or inflammatory parameters. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 71: 733-738. Major E, Győry F, Horváth D, Keller I, Tamás I, Uray K, Fülöp P, Lontay B. Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Development and Metabolic Transformation of Skeletal Muscle in Hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12: 751488. Calonne J, Isacco L, Miles-Chan J, Arsenijevic D, Montani JP, Guillet C, Boirie Y, Dulloo AG. Reduced Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Adaptive Thermogenesis That Facilitates Body Fat Recovery During Weight Regain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10: 119. Peterson ME, Castellano CA, Rishniw M. Evaluation of Body Weight, Body Condition, and Muscle Condition in Cats with Hyperthyroidism. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30: 1780-1789. Brunová J, Kasalický P, Lánská V. [The assessment of body composition using DEXA in patients with thyroid dysfunction]. Cas Lek Cesk 2007; 146: 497-502. Acotto CG, Niepomniszcze H, Mautalen CA. Estimating body fat and lean tissue distribution in hyperthyroidism by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Densitom 2002; 5: 305-311. Kim MJ, Cho SW, Choi S, Ju DL, Park D","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"560-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note.","authors":"","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202512_37564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Editor-in-Chief, in accordance with the Publisher, has retracted the following articles published between 2018 and 2020 on the grounds of figure duplication and manipulation, subsequent to concerns raised on PubPeer. The corresponding authors of all articles were asked to provide the original data, but no responses were received. This retraction notice pertains to the following articles and is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): Song D, Yang Y, He N, Tian X, Sang DS, Li YJ. The involvement of AQP1 in myocardial edema induced by pressure overload in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Aug;22(15):4969-4974. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201808_15637. PMID: 30070333. Sun MX, Yu F, Gong ML, Fan GL, Liu CX. Effects of curcumin on the role of MMP-2 in endometrial cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Aug;22(15):5033-5041. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201808_15646. PMID: 30070342. Zhao DW, Hou YS, Sun FB, Han B, Li SJ. Effects of miR-132 on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via Hedgehog signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Mar;23(5):1978-1985. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17236. PMID: 30915740. Wang XH, He X, Jin HY, Liang JX, Li N. Effect of hypoxia on the Twist1 in EMT of cervical cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Oct;22(20):6633-6639. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201810_16138. PMID: 30402835. Gao GC, Yang DW, Liu W. LncRNA TERC alleviates the progression of osteoporosis by absorbing miRNA-217 to upregulate RUNX2. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jan;24(2):526-534. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202001_20029. PMID: 32016954. Zhang Y, Hua PY, Jin CY, Li JD, Zhang GX, Wang B. JMJD3 enhances invasiveness and migratory capacity of non-small cell lung cancer cell via activating EMT signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Jun;23(11):4784-4792. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18063. PMID: 31210309. Xue CL, Liu HG, Li BY, He SH, Yue QF. Physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside exhibits anti-growth and anti-metastatic activities in ovarian cancer by downregulating miR-25. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Jun;23(12):5101-5112. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18174. PMID: 31298363. Cao W, Liu B, Ma H. Long non-coding RNA GHET1 promotes viability, migration and invasion of glioma cell line U251 by down-regulation of miR-216a. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Feb;23(4):1591-1599. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17118. PMID: 30840282. These articles have been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern on \"Effects of inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial\".","authors":"","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37562","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Editor in Chief and the Publisher are issuing an expression of concern regarding the following article: Gerli S, Mignosa M, Di Renzo GC. Effects of inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2003; 7(6): 151-159-PMID: 15206484. This Expression of Concern is issued following a whistleblower's report regarding errors in the study protocol and results, as well as ethical concerns. The authors have informed the journal that the original data are no longer available due to the 22 years that have elapsed since the article's publication. In the absence of these data, we are issuing this Expression of Concern to alert readers that concerns have been raised about this article. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/94.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytisine therapy for tobacco smoking cessation: a retrospective observational study from an Italian anti-smoking center.","authors":"A Mastrostefano, L Petraccia, F Fortinguerra, E Ciarciaglini, I Terrenato, G Piperno, E Mastropasqua, V Cilenti, M Papale","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37569","DOIUrl":"10.26355/eurrev_202512_37569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tobacco smoking is recognized as one of the biggest threats to public health globally. Clinical trials conducted to date on cytisine have demonstrated its good efficacy in promoting smoking cessation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of cytisine as monotherapy in the treatment of moderate or severe tobacco use disorder in a real-world setting in Italy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A monocentric, retrospective, observational study was conducted on 159 adult patients (≥18 years) treated with oral cytisine who were referred to the Rome Anti-Smoking Center of IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute for the first time from March 2023 to November 2023. The study used both clinical [objective examination, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) test, Fagerström test, and Mondor test] and instrumental evaluations (spirometry and measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide). Categorical data were summarized using absolute frequencies and percentage values, while continuous variables were summarized using median values and relative range. Comparisons between categorical variables were performed by using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact F-test. Comparisons between continuous variables were carried out using the Mann-Whitney test or the Student's t-test. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare carbon monoxide values between the first visit and the first follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>93 (58.5%) patients were males with a median age of 64 years, while 66 (42%) were females with a median age of 63 years. The median age of cigarette smoking initiation was 16 years, and the median number of packs per year was 40. After 3 months, 44 patients out of 65 (67.7%) patients who received therapy were adherent, while 21 (32.3%) patients did not follow the prescription and dropped out of the treatment. 75% (33/44) of patients who adhered to therapy successfully quit smoking, compared to just 25% (11/44) of those who did not adhere to treatment and did not stop smoking (p=0.011). No significant safety issues were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cytisine therapy administered in the real-life setting of a specialized anti-smoking center significantly promotes smoking abstinence. However, it has a poor therapeutic adherence profile, requiring further research on therapeutic adherence and long-term outcomes in order to optimize treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 12","pages":"600-608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopharmaceuticals: importance, application, function - a narrative review.","authors":"R Brozek, A Lorenz, B Dorocka-Bobkowska, M Kurpisz","doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202511_37504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202511_37504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biologically active medical products (biopharmaceuticals) are substances related to the natural molecules present in the organism that affect the process regulation. These drugs can exert effects imitating the functions of natural proteins, as well as by affecting cellular receptors or interacting with the natural, biologically active molecules in the organism, most frequently participating in signal transduction. Due to the structure and targeted activity mechanisms, they are characterized by high therapeutic specificity. This article presents biopharmaceuticals that influence the modulation of the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional signaling pathways, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, neoplastic, hematological, skin, and rheumatic diseases. It is assumed that disturbed cellular signals within these pathways may also be significant for the development of oral cavity diseases, including periodontitis. A thorough understanding of the ways of transmission and activation of the subsequent signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis will allow for a more accurate and in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms behind the onset and development of numerous diseases. It will facilitate the development and implementation of targeted therapies that directly inhibit the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways, which initiate inflammatory reactions in the cell. In combination with the therapeutic methods used so far, modification of the host's response at the molecular level may offer promising therapeutic benefits.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-29-scaled.jpg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12152,"journal":{"name":"European review for medical and pharmacological sciences","volume":"29 11","pages":"507-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}