M. Moon, Ju-Ho Lee, J. Park, Jieun Chung, Junghee Choi
{"title":"Skills and Wages of Public Employees: Investigating Korean Bureaucracy Through PIAAC","authors":"M. Moon, Ju-Ho Lee, J. Park, Jieun Chung, Junghee Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2732556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2732556","url":null,"abstract":"Korea’s public employees have made significant contributions to the country’s rapid economic growth and social development. In recent years, however, there has been growing concern that the competitiveness of Korea’s public employees is lagging behind Korea’s private sector employees as well as the public employees of other countries. This paper uses the OECD PIAAC (Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies) data to empirically analyze Korean public employees’ skill level, skill-use, and learning, with emphasis on comparison with public employees of OECD countries and the domestic private sector. Also, we analyze the skill-wage gap and the returns to skills of public employees to observe whether the wage system of public employees provides sufficient incentives for human capital investment.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation through SME Cluster Development in Bangladesh","authors":"Arfin Ara Begum, M. Abdin","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2584327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2584327","url":null,"abstract":"SME Cluster Development could be an emerging force of entrepreneurship development, employment generation and poverty alleviation for any least developed country like Bangladesh. SMEs located at different clusters of Bangladesh are contributing in generating employment and income for the workers and producing import substitute product simultaneously. Realizing the full potential of SME cluster development in Bangladesh, it is important for all stakeholders to sit together and find out a concrete solution for the identified challenges of SME clusters. Recommended action plan could be catalyst to enhance productivity, increase efficiency, quality, acceptability, market linkage of SME products of Bangladesh. The action plan is designed with Short term (up to 3 year), Mid-term (3-5 years) and Long term (5 and more) recommendations for fostering cluster development of SME in Bangladesh with a vision of employment generation and poverty alleviation.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121472952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in the Effect of Education on the Earnings Differentials between Men and Women in Korea (1990-2010)","authors":"S. Paik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2543402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2543402","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the need for utilizing the capacity of women unemployed is highly emphasized as a counter measure to the expected sharp decrease of labor force due to rapid aging process and low birth rate. However, the economic status of women compared to men does not seem to be matched with the importance and expected role of women. Why do female workers earn much less than male workers? By using the decomposition method, this study analyzed the wage gap between male and female workers in Korea for the past 20 years with focus on the effect of education. The contribution of education differences to gender wage gap decreased constantly since 1990, while that of experience differences increased constantly. For both education and experience, a large portion of the wage gap came from differences in university education and experience level of more than 10 years. This implies that although the proportions of female university graduates and female workers with 10 years of experience or more increased for the past 20 years, there were still large differences in the number of university graduates and workers with high level of experience between male and female workers. Policy measures are required to promote equal pay, employment and promotion to increase the number of females to join and remain longer in the labor market.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122307926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Just the Facts: Demographic and Cross-Country Dimensions of the Employment Slump","authors":"Jeffrey Clemens, Michael J. Wither","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2531192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531192","url":null,"abstract":"We present data characterizing the U.S. labor market during the Great Recession and subsequent recovery. U.S. employment declines were dramatic among young adults, substantial among prime-aged adults, and modest among those near retirement. The decline in employment among working-age adults generally exceeded those that occurred in other advanced economies. We assess the potential explanatory power of population aging and increases in educational attainment as factors underlying these developments. Recent analyses suggest that population aging can explain nearly one half of the decline in the labor force participation rate and one third of the decline in the employment to population ratio from 2007 to 2013. Our comparisons of employment developments across age groups and countries provide reason to view this one third as an upper bound on aging's plausible contribution. We conduct a more detailed analysis of changes in employment and school attendance across demographic sub-groups of the young adult population. Across sub-groups defined by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, changes in school enrollment predict very little of the variation in this period's employment changes. Taken together, aging and enrollment trends thus appear to underlie a modest to moderate fraction of the aggregate employment decline. We conclude by discussing a range of non-demographic factors that may have contributed to the decline, but on which existing research has yet to arrive at a consensus.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129463991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Pro-Labor Law Pro-Women? Evidence from India","authors":"J. Montag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2339133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2339133","url":null,"abstract":"I study the effects of state-level differences in labor regulation on labor market outcomes of women in India. Using a representative sample of urban households from 2005, I find that labor regulation has a large negative effect on women’s economic activity, mainly employment. My estimates suggest that a one standard deviation increase in the labor regulation measure decreases the probability of a woman being economically active by 3% to 4%—the implied decrease in female labor force is between 15% and 18%. The effects on men’s participation are around zero. I do not find labor regulation to have a significant effect on male wages or on the gender wage gap. Finally, labor regulation is associated with women having less say at home and a lower sex ratio.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129924286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Thirty Years War Over Federal Regulation","authors":"D. Farber","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2310392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2310392","url":null,"abstract":"Using the evidence Tom McGarity assembles in his recent book 'Freedom to Harm', this paper examines regulatory history during the thirty-plus years since Reagan became president. Although the available evidence presented is necessarily incomplete, it suggests strongly that the opponents of regulation have had only mixed success. Legislative efforts to roll back the regulatory state have given rise to pitched political battles, but in the end have not infrequently ended in modest expansions of agency authority. Opponents of regulation have had more luck in the rule-making process, where they have succeeded in delaying or killing regulatory efforts or in weakening the final regulations. They have successfully joined advocates of “smarter regulation” in some of these efforts. Yet, in the end, the body of federal regulation has continued to grow almost unabated. The biggest success of the opponents of regulation has come through budget cuts and policy changes that have weakened enforcement, but even there, other factors may have helped soften the impact on the beneficiaries of regulation. Altogether, despite the frustrations of environmentalists, this has also been a dismal period for opponents of the regulatory state.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122972597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Link Between Job Satisfaction and Firm Value, with Implications for Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Alex Edmans","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2054066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2054066","url":null,"abstract":"How are job satisfaction and firm value linked? I tackle this long-standing management question using a new methodology from finance. I study the effect on firm-level value, rather than employee-level productivity, to take into account the cost of increasing job satisfaction. To address reverse causality, I measure firm value by using future stock returns, and control for risk, firm characteristics, industry performance, and outliers. Companies listed in the \"100 Best Companies to Work For in America\" generated 2.3-3.8%/year higher stock returns than their peers from 1984-2011. These results have three main implications. First, consistent with HRM theories, job satisfaction is beneficial for firm value. Second, corporate social responsibility can improve stock returns. Third, the stock market does not fully value intangible assets, and so it may be necessary to shield the manager from short-term stock prices to encourage long-run growth.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124182229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Potential of ICT to Generate ‘Solidaristic’ Practices Among Women Home-Based Workers in Turkey","authors":"Nurcan Törenli","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-005X.2009.00238.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-005X.2009.00238.X","url":null,"abstract":"The study indicates that in terms of the ‘information poor’ home-based women workers the opportunity provided by ICT to create formal employment for those who have no professional training or skills is very limited. ICT can be of benefit to the information poor if it is used to generate ‘solidaristic’ practices in order to combat labour exploitation by the subcontractors.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121633415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intrinsic Motivation, Discrimination and the Child Labor-Schooling Trade-Off: Some Empirical Findings","authors":"Bernhard Ganglmair","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.901052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.901052","url":null,"abstract":"By explicitly taking the interdependence of the decisions over children’s labor and school attendance into account, we jointly estimate a two-equation system applying a bivariate probit model to data from Uganda. We argue that the correlation coecient of the equations’ error terms can be interpreted as the decision trade-o between child labor and schooling, and through a novel methodological approach we obtain evidence for substantial dierences across a number of comparison groups; in particular, we detect a gender, age and relationship bias. We add proxies to control for parental preferences based on self-reported answers from the survey data and find that intrinsic motivation can neither explain the gender nor the age bias implying that parents do not discriminate against their daughters or older children other than for mere economic reasons. The age bias seems mainly driven by cost-related factors and parents’ cost-sensitivity. We do, however, find conclusive evidence for discrimination against children who are not related to the household head, since the observed relationship bias is to some extent driven by parents’ intrinsic motivation.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134026143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sweatshop Equilibrium","authors":"Nancy H. Chau","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1455525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1455525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a capability-augmented model of on the job search, in which sweatshop conditions stifle the capability of the working poor to search for a job while on the job. The augmented setting unveils a sweatshop equilibrium in an otherwise archetypal Burdett-Mortensen economy, and reconciles a number of oft noted yet perplexing features of sweatshop economies. We demonstrate existence of multiple rational expectation equilibria, graduation pathways out of sweatshops in complete absence of enforcement, and country-specific efficiency and distributional responses to competitive forces and social safety nets depending precisely on whether graduation criteria are met.","PeriodicalId":121308,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Employment (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115898795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}