International Journal of Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Canine and Human Leishmaniasis: Disease Progression to Brazilian Urbanized Areas","authors":"C MiguelDanilo, C GuarnierDanilo","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710023","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis is a complex disease considered one of the most neglected tropical diseases of the world. The importance and role of domestic dogs and wild canids as a source of leishmaniasis infection is well recognized. The present mini-review discusses a series of epidemiological studies that reinforce the need to understand the role of reservoirs and vectors in the expansion of leishmaniasis to Brazilian urbanized areas, as Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and endemic for leishmaniasis. Emphasis isgiven on the diagnostic tools and treatment options that must be recognized as crucial options to prevent expansion of visceral leishmaniasis cases.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129714808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria among HIV Infected Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics at Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"C. Okechukwu, K. Mohammed, E. Ikeh, T. Spencer, Nwoke Clinton Chinedu, I. Nasir","doi":"10.23937/2643-461X/1710022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461X/1710022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem especially in cases when there is a co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and their associated risk factors amongst HIV infected pregnant women in Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria. Materials and methods: After informed consent was obtained, one hundred and three (103), HIV infected pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) participated in the study. A socio-demographic profile and risk factors of malaria was assessed from all participants. Peripheral blood samples were collected and thick blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa stains to check for malaria parasitaemia. Results: Fifty eight (56.3%) out of 103 pregnant women were infected with malaria parasites, with a mean parasite density of 700 parasites μl−1. There was no significant association between malaria parasitaemia and all sociodemographic variables and risk factors in participants (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Malaria is still a major public health issue among HIV pregnant women mainly due to history of fever, illiteracy and non-compliance to using ITNs. Increasing awareness about malaria preventive measures and early focused antenatal care services will help to reduce malaria in HIV infected pregnant women and consequently, its associated morbidities and mortalities.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115761272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship of Wastewater Management and Morbidity of Diseases Related to Wastewater in Colombia","authors":"J. P. Miranda","doi":"10.23937/2643-461X/1710021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461X/1710021","url":null,"abstract":"• Page 1 of 1 • Citation: Miranda JPR (2019) Causal Relationship of Wastewater Management and Morbidity of Diseases Related to Wastewater in Colombia. Int J Trop Dis 2:021. doi.org/10.23937/2643-461X/1710021 Accepted: May 28, 2019; Published: May 30, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Miranda JPR. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128414074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of an Antigen Excreted (Sode) in the Search for Antibodies Anti-Trypanosoma Cruzi in Sera from Pediatric Population of the State of Queretaro, Mexico","authors":"Villagrán-Herrera María Elena, S. Manuel, Martínez-Ibarra José Alejandro, Mercado-Curiel Ricardo Francisco, Rodríguez-Méndez Adriana Jheny, Ávila-Morales Javier, Aburto-Fernández María del Carmen, C. Nicolas, Diego-Cabrerav y José Antonio de","doi":"10.23937/2643-461X/1710020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461X/1710020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121715921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum Infection among Febrile Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Central Nigeria: Prevalence, Hematologic and Sociodemographic Factors","authors":"J. Yohanna, V. Oti, E. Amuta, A. Mock Philip, Lynda Anizoba","doi":"10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum infection remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, causing about 3,000 daily deaths. This study intended to document the prevalence, and the associated factors of P. falciparum infection among febrile patients attending Federal the Medical Centre Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: After ethical clearance, 400 whole blood samples were collected from patients who gave informed consent and completed a self-structured questionnaire from July 2015 through January 2016. The blood samples were examined for the parasitic infection and hematological parameters, using standard laboratory techniques. Results: The overall prevalence of P. falciparum infection was 227/400 (56.8%). The prevalence with respect to patient’s categories was children (68.1%), pregnant women (67.0%), male adult (47.1%) and female adult (42.0%). The infection was high among genotype AA (83.0%), blood group A (90.8%), females (57.7%), rhesus factor positive (57.7%), age < 15 years (72.4%), those who use insecticide-treated mosquito nets (55.8%) and those with PCV range 20-25 (86.7%). Genotype, blood group, and age were statistically associated with P. falciparum (p < 0.05). In this study, categories of patients, gender, rhesus factor, use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and packed cell volume (PCV) ranges were not associated statistically with the infection (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of P. falciparum among patients and as such further studies on molecular characterization of the parasite should be carried out in the population. General awareness and continuous laboratory screening of the public to stop the acquisition of the parasite among population are strongly suggested.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122460275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Activities of Chromolaena odorata and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against Anopheles gambiae [Diptera: Culicidae]","authors":"David Ileke Kayode, Omotayo Olabimi Isaac","doi":"10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710018","url":null,"abstract":"Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of human malaria. The use of chemical insecticides for vector control has hampered with environmental pollution and insect. This suggests the need for the development of more potent and environment-friendly insecticides for effective control of malaria.This research investigated the larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activities of Chromolaena odorata and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against, An. gambiae in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Different concentrations of 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 120 mg/L and 160 mg/L were prepared and these aqueous solutions were used for the experiments. Larval, pupal and adult mortality of An. gambiae were tested after 24 hours of exposure. Results showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in toxicity level of the two plant extracts on An. gambiae larvae, pupae and adults. Vernonia amygdalina extract was the most toxic to An. gambiae larvae at all tested concentrations of 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 120 mg/L and 160 mg/L causing 47.5%, 82.5%, 100%, 100% and 100% mortality after 24 hours of treatment, respectively. Chromolaena odorata extract caused 32.5%, 60%, 82.5%, 92.5% and 100% mortality of An. gambiae larvae after 24 hours of treatment at concentrations 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 120 mg/L and 160 mg/L, respectively. Vernonia amygdalina extract was the most lethal to An. gambiae pupae and adults which caused 55% mortality of adult An. gambiae at concentration 160 ml/L. The concentration of C. odorata and V. amygdalina leaves extracts required to evoke 50% death of An. gambiae adult were 296.20 mg/L and 147.98 mg/L respectively. The LC90 of C. odorata extract was 3107.55 mg/L while V. amygdalina extract was 2221.05 mg/L for mosquito adults. The plant extracts were not as effective against adults compared to larva and pupa of An. gambiae. This study showed that C. odorata and V. amygdalina were toxic to malaria vector with V. amygdalina being more potent. This suggest that V. amygdalina extracts could serve as an alternative method to synthetic chemical control of malaria vectors.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125919088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Three Indigenous Plants (Tetrapleura tetraptera, Bridelia ferruginea and Azadirachta indica) as Plant Derived Molluscicides against Fresh Water Snails","authors":"Joseph Afolabi Olajide, David Ojo Babatunde, Adepeju Simon-Oke Iyabo","doi":"10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710017","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by fresh water snail infected with the Schistosoma parasites. The disease is endemic in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America affecting people who are unable to avoid contact with water, either because of their profession or because of lack of reliable source of safe water for drinking, washing and bathing. The study focused on the molluscicidal activities of the oil extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera, Bridelia ferruginea and Azadirachta indica on freshwater snails. The snails were collected from a stream at Ipogun village, which is about 14 km away from Akure. The collected snails were transferred into glass tank containing water in the laboratory, where they were fed with lettuce and left for 3-4 days to adjust to the laboratory conditions. The fruit, barks and leaves of T. tetraplura, B. ferruginea and A. indica respectively were air dried, pulverized into powder and the powders were soaked in 70% ethanol. The oils from the plant powders were extracted using Soxhlet machine and the bioassay was done at varying concentrations (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 g/ml). Among all the plant extracts, Tetrapleura tetraptera showed the highest molluscicidal activity (100%) at 1.6 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l for 48 hours of exposure. Meanwhile, the lowest molluscicdal activity (10%) was found in Azadirachta indica at 8 hours of exposure. One-way Analysis of Variance of the result shows that there is significant difference in the molluscicidal activities of the three plant extracts (p < 0.05). It was also observed that the potency of the extracts increases as the concentrations and time of exposure increase. The results of this study show that the three plant extracts maybe used as veritable means of controlling schistosomiasis and other trematode infections.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Update on the Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies","authors":"Ayed Houda Ben, Koubaa Makram, Marrakchi Chakib, Rekik Khaoula, Hammami Fatma, Smaoui Fatma, Hmida Mariem Ben, Yaich Sourour, Maaloul Imed, D. Jamel, Jemaa Mounir Ben","doi":"10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710006","url":null,"abstract":"• Page 1 of 6 • Citation: Ben Ayed H, Koubaa M, Marrakchi C, Rekik K, Hammami F, et al. (2018) Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Update on the Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies. Int J Trop Dis 1:006. Accepted: September 01, 2018; Published: September 03, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Ben Ayed H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128310036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Intestinal Parasites Transmitted Mechanically by House Flies (Musca domestica, Diptera: Muscidae) Infesting Slaughterhouses in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"I. Al-hassan, Ahmed Hafiz Hassan Shebeir, Adam Rehab AbdElgadir, A. Ayman, Elaagip Arwa","doi":"10.23937/ijtd-2017/1710011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/ijtd-2017/1710011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The housefly, Musca domestica, is a common household pest known to transmit human diseases like pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, metazoan, fungi and viruses. Apart from they are also responsible for transmitting intestinal parasites, which when outbreaks occur, could wreak havoc on both man and animals. The importance of house fly in disease transmission prompted this study to investigate the presence of intestinal parasites transmitted mechanically by houseflies that infested slaughterhouses in central markets in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Thirty fly sticky ribbons were placed inside random slaughterhouses in three central markets in Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman between May and June 2018. Collected flies were preserved in tubes filled with normal saline and kept in -20 °C, then morphological identification of the collected house flies was conducted using standard identification keys. Examination and identification of intestinal parasites transmitted mechanically by M. domestica flies was conducted using microscope and standard keys. Results: A total of 684 house flies were collected and examined during the course of this study. Out of this number, twenty (2.9%) house flies were found to harbor intestinal parasites from all sites. In the central market of Khartoum, 300 house flies were examined out of which 4.7% were infected (n = 14). Out of the 260 house flies examined in Khartoum North, 2.3% were infected (n = 6) while a total of 124 house flies were examined in Omdurman slaughterhouses with 18.1% infected. The identified intestinal parasites were Entamoeba coli cyst, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar cyst, Giardia lamblia flagellate, Giardia lamblia cyst, Hymenolepis nana egg and Taenia species egg with infectivity rates of 33.3%, 19%, 19%, 14.3%, 9.5% and 4.8% respectively of the total house flies collected. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate a relatively high infectivity rate in the disease vectors. Since this research detected this high rate of gastrointestinal parasites in the flies, their role in disease transmission cannot be over emphasized. This highlight the prevalence of such disease like diarrhea in Khartoum. Hence, there is need to raise awareness on the need to improve hygiene and sanitation in the communities where these slaughterhouses are situated so as to prevent a possible outbreak.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131951981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Skin Ulcer due to Mycobacterium Simiae in an Immunocompetent Lady","authors":"V. Lakshmi, R. Ashok, V. Chaitanya, G. Satyanarayana","doi":"10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/IJTD-2017/1710003","url":null,"abstract":"• Page 1 of 4 • Citation: Vemu L, Ashok R, Veena C, Satyanarayana G (2018) Chronic Skin Ulcer due to Mycobacterium Simiae in an Immunocompetent Lady. Int J Trop Dis 1:003. Accepted: August 02, 2018; Published: August 04, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Vemu L, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}