Exposure and Health最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between prenatal methylmercury exposure and IQ: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Leonid Kopylev, Michael Dzierlenga, Yu-Sheng Lin, Rebecca Nachman, Elizabeth G Radke, Deborah Segal","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00781-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00781-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental neurotoxicity is a well-established hazard of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. A previous meta-analysis of three highly exposed historical cohorts (16.8-27.2 MeHg μg/L maternal blood) identified IQ decrements in MeHg-exposed children (Axelrad, 2007). It has been widely used in economic cost-benefit analyses. Their estimated decline in IQ was a decrease of 0.036 IQ points (95% CI: 0.010, -0.065) per MeHg μg/L maternal blood (converted from maternal hair). Because the cohorts used different IQ tests, scores were rescaled for this pooled analysis. Since 2007, additional epidemiology studies have examined the MeHg-IQ relationship at lower exposures (0.60-12.8 μg/L maternal blood). Yet, their findings have not been systematically synthesized. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis, drawing on a comprehensive literature search of studies published between 1998 and 2025. Each study was evaluated for potential risk of bias and sensitivity. Quantitative findings from studies rated <i>high</i> or <i>medium</i> confidence were extracted and converted into a standardized exposure metric. A total of seven populations from five new cohorts examining the relationship between IQ (measured at ages 3.5-12 years) and prenatal MeHg exposure (0.60-12.8 μg/L maternal blood) were identified. A meta-analysis was performed using R package Metafor on the new studies that reported full-scale IQ. Based on the recent cohorts using cord or maternal blood biomarkers a decrement of 0.407 (-0.962, 0.147) IQ point per MeHg μg/L maternal blood was observed. Future cost-benefit analyses could consider the results of this updated analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Blood Arsenic Concentrations with Lipid Markers in Uruguayan Adolescents: Exploring Effect Modification by Body Mass Index and Sex.","authors":"Gauri Desai, Elena I Queirolo, Teresa Quattrin, Patrick J Parsons, Christopher D Palmer, María Inés Beledo, Katarzyna Kordas","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00768-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00768-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study examined the association between blood As and total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDLC, and triglyceride (TGL) levels among Uruguayan adolescents and assessed the role of body mass index (BMI) and sex as potential effect modifiers. Adolescents, 9-20-year-old (<i>n</i> = 327 in complete-case and 337 in imputed dataset) in Uruguay had blood As measured two times (T1 and T2), a year apart, during 2021-2023. Serum lipid markers were measured at T2. Blood As was averaged and log transformed. Separate linear regressions were built for each lipid marker. Analyses were stratified by sex and at 85th percentile of BMI to assess effect modification. Median (range) blood As at T1 and T2 were 0.38 (0.18, 4.01) µg/L and 0.36 (0.14, 4.81) µg/L, respectively. 8%, 25%, and 24% adolescents had borderline or high levels of TGL (> 150 mg/dL), TC (> 170 mg/dL), and non-HDLC (> 120 mg/dL), respectively, and 31% had low levels of HDL-C (< 45 mg/dL). Blood As showed a positive association with TGL [β (95% CI): 12.2 (0.88, 23.5)], but not other lipids. Blood As was positively associated with TGL [β (95% CI): 30.3 (8.24, 52.4)] among those with BMI≥85th percentile and with TC [12.4 (2.13, 22.6)], non-HDLC [12.0 (2.81, 21.1)] and TGL [20.3 (5.17, 35.4)] among girls. Similar findings were seen in the complete case and imputed datasets. Our study showed that low-level blood As was associated with higher TGL levels among Uruguayan adolescents with evidence of an interaction with BMI and sex.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-026-00768-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Human Placental Tissues Using Gas Chromatography High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Exposure to a Range of Semivolatile Organic Compounds.","authors":"Michelle Misselwitz, Nicholas J Herkert, P Lee Ferguson, Heather M Stapleton","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00791-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00791-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring chemical exposures during fetal development is critical to understanding the environmental influences on chronic disease risk. The placenta, in direct contact with the fetus throughout gestation, offers a vital matrix for assessing fetal chemical exposures. However, analytical challenges remain due to its heterogeneous composition and the need to detect trace levels of diverse chemical classes. This study aimed to develop and validate a robust analytical method to quantify and screen for environmental contaminants in human placental tissue using QuEChERS-based extraction that was optimized for high recovery and reproducibility while minimizing matrix interference. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) with isotope dilution for targeted quantitation of 119 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Method performance was assessed using spiked placental samples and a NIST-certified reference material. The validated method was applied to 50 placental samples collected from a North Carolina pregnancy cohort (Project HOPE 1000). The optimized method displayed acceptable recoveries (50-150%) for up to 75% of target analytes across four spike levels ranging from 0.1 to 10 ng/g wet weight (ww). A total of 72 compounds were detected in at least one placental sample, including several brominated flame retardants, organophosphate esters, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phthalates. This validated GC-HRMS method effectively quantifies a broad range of environmental contaminants in placental tissue while balancing throughput, sensitivity, and versatility and can be used to support exposome research in pregnancy cohorts.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-026-00791-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multichemical Exposure Assessment Using Silicone Wristbands in Central American Adolescents.","authors":"Yirong Yuan, Samantha M Hall, Juan José Amador Velázquez, Damaris López Pilarte, Selene Vences Brown, Magaly Amador Sánchez, Juan Amador Sánchez, Birgit Claus Henn, Madeleine K Scammell, David J Friedman, Daniel R Brooks, Jessica H Leibler","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00759-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00759-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical exposures are poorly characterized in Central America, where chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a leading cause of death. Most research evaluates occupational exposures in adults, yet early-life exposures remain understudied. We used silicone wristband passive samplers to characterize exposure to over 1,500 chemicals among Nicaraguan adolescents (<i>n</i> = 80) residing in CKD high-risk communities but not engaged in agricultural work. We identified exposure profiles using k-means clustering and used LASSO logistic regression to identify predictors of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). SHAP (SHapley Additive Explanations) values quantified individual chemical contributions to eGFR in a machine learning model. Of 130 detected chemicals, 21 (16.2%) were pesticides. Pyrethroids were detected on 93.8% of wristbands, most frequently cypermethrin-2 (88.8%) and ethofenprox (60.0%). Phthalates and musks, including bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 98.8%), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP, 97.5%), and galaxolide (100%), were near ubiquitous. Esters included benzyl salicylate (97.5%) and ethylene brassylate (93.8%). Organophosphate triphenyl phosphate (TPP, 97.5%) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pyrene (92.5%) and 2-methylphenanthrene (63.8%) reflected mixed consumer and environmental sources. K-means clustering identified four exposure profiles: two larger clusters reflecting background agrochemical exposures and a low-exposure group, and two smaller clusters dominated by household and personal care products. No individual chemicals were significantly associated with eGFR. SHAP analysis identified phthalates, esters, organophosphates, and phenols as the most influential predictors of kidney function. Adolescents in this CKDu-endemic region experience heterogeneous chemical exposures. Frequently detected compounds with nephrotoxic potential, including pyrethroids, PAHs, phenols, and phthalates, warrant targeted investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12971789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Potential Human Health Risks within a Confirmed Cancer Cluster in the Greater Fifth Ward, Houston, Texas.","authors":"Leanne S Fawkes, Thomas J McDonald, Weihsueh A Chiu, Taehyun Roh, Terry L Wade, Garett T Sansom","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00749-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00749-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study assessed the occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the Greater Fifth Ward, a residential area located in Northeast Houston. From July to November 2021, a complete canvas was done within the defined geographic boundary to collect surface soil samples from participants' private yards. Using standard extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the levels of x PAHs in each sample were quantified and used to calculate pyrogenic indices and evaluate PAH source apportionment. This information was used to calculate cancer risks based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) for residential soils. Of the 103 soil samples, at least 1 of the 16 EPA priority pollutant PAHs were detected in each sample. The total concentration of the 7 carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 9.9 to 40,290 ng/g (mean = 402 ng/g, standard deviation = 28,490). The RSLs showed that 7 of the 103 soil samples exceeded the U.S. EPA's most conservative screening levels of 1.0 × 10^- 6 and had values within the target range for remedial actions, however, only one of those sites was considered actionable. Findings from this study highlight the need for site-specific risk assessments in environmental justice communities with known legacy contaminants. The current PAH concentrations are likely lower than historical values due to remediation in nearby areas, as well as PAH volatilization, photooxidation, and microbial degradation. Additional research is needed to explore remediation strategies and direct links to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12920385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147270172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Seafood Consumption and Serum PFAS Levels Among Asian/Pacific Islanders in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.","authors":"Kelly Chen, Emily Beglarian, Duyen Kauffman, Ian W Tang, Farmmary Saephan, June-Soo Park, Sabrina Smith, Key-Young Choe, Jianwen She, Nerissa Wu, Kathleen R Attfield","doi":"10.1007/s12403-025-00743-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-025-00743-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior U.S. studies have reported higher per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) levels among Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) than other race/ethnicity groups. High seafood consumption may disproportionately expose API communities to adverse health effects from PFAS-contaminated seafood. We estimated associations between seafood consumption and serum PFAS levels among Chinese and Vietnamese American adults in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2016 to 2017, Biomonitoring California collaborated with community partners to recruit 195 participants. Participants completed an exposure questionnaire and provided blood samples for analysis of PFASs and mercury. We pooled associations between seafood consumption and six PFASs using multivariable linear regressions adjusted for demographic covariates and immigration history using a two-stage approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PFOS, PFUnDA, PFDA, and PFNA increased 6-10% per five meals of any seafood over the past 30 days. Consuming fish more than three times per week over the past 30 days was associated with higher PFOS (38%) and PFUnDA (42%) compared to consumption below USDA guidelines of at least two meals of fish per week. Caught fish consumed three or more times per week over the past year was associated with 66-125% higher levels of PFOS, PFUnDA, PFDA, and PFNA, compared to consumption less than once per month. Consumption of non-fillet fish parts was associated with 34-124% higher PFOS, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOA levels compared to no consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a significant route of PFAS exposure for two populations and identify opportunities to reduce exposures through expanding testing and developing culturally appropriate advisories for seafood consumption.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at10.1007/s12403-025-00743-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption, Blood Lead Levels and Aggressive Behaviour Among Adults Living Near Gold Mine Tailings in Gauteng, South Africa.","authors":"Tahira Kootbodien, Renee Street, Yonela Mkunyana, Tanya Haman, Nisha Naicker, Angela Mathee","doi":"10.1007/s12403-026-00807-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-026-00807-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin linked to aggression, while alcohol consumption, a major public health concern in South Africa, may also increase aggressive behaviour. This study examined associations between blood Pb levels and aggression in adults, and whether alcohol modified this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 adults, living at varying distances from gold mine tailings in Gauteng. Blood Pb were log-transformed and examined in relation to environmental exposures (proximity to roads and mine tailings), behavioural factors (smoking, soil ingestion), and soil Pb levels. Alcohol consumption was categorised as none, 1-4 drinks and ≥ 5 drinks per occasion (heavy episodic drinking). Aggression was measured using the 29-item Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), including anger, hostility, verbal, and physical aggression. Linear regression models were estimated for each aggression outcome, adjusting for age, alcohol use, blood Pb, and interactions between blood Pb and alcohol. Mean blood Pb was 2.4 ± 1.8 µg/dL (range 0.5-12.2 µg/dL), with 9.7% exceeding 5 µg/dL and 18.7% exceeding 3.5 µg/dL. Higher blood Pb was associated with soil ingestion (β = 0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.017), higher soil Pb (β = 0.08, <i>p</i> = 0.001), tobacco use (β = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.031) and household dust (β = 0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.043). Heavy episodic drinking was associated with higher total BPAQ scores (β = 19.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and all subscales. Blood Pb showed marginal associations with verbal and physical aggression, and alcohol did not modify the Pb-aggression relationship. In this population, heavy episodic drinking, rather than Pb exposure, was the main factor linked to increased aggression. Addressing harmful alcohol use may provide an opportunity to reduce a modifiable risk factor for aggression, while environmental Pb surveillance and remediation remain important in communities with ongoing Pb exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Urinary Pesticide Metabolites and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents Living in an Agricultural Region.","authors":"Mohammed N Hussari, Briana N C Chronister, Kun Yang, Xin Tu, Danilo Martinez, Rajendra P Parajuli, Jose Suarez-Torres, Dana Boyd Barr, Suzi Hong, Jose R Suarez-Lopez","doi":"10.1007/s12403-025-00698-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12403-025-00698-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown evidence for the immuno-modulatory properties of different pesticides. However, few epidemiological studies on inflammation and pesticide exposure exist, with none in children and adolescents. Associations between pesticide metabolites in urine and inflammatory biomarkers in serum were evaluated among children and adolescents (<i>n</i> = 512) of rural Ecuador as part of the ESPINA study. Seventeen urinary biomarkers of insecticide, herbicide and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent exposure were measured. Among them, acetamiprid-N-desmethyl [AND], 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol [TCPy], <i>para</i>-nitrophenol [PNP], malathion dicarboxylic acid [MDA], 3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA], 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], glyphosate and 3-(diethylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid [DCBA] were included in analyses as they were detected in > 30% of participants. Serum analysis included c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and soluble CD14 (sCD14). Associations were evaluated by generalized estimating equations (GEE) and partial least squares (PLS) regression, adjusting for demographic, anthropometric and socioeconomic variables. Positive quadratic associations were found between 2,4-D and CRP (<i>β</i> ² = 0.13, [0.00, 0.27]), IL-6 (<i>β</i> ² = 0.10, [0.04, 0.15]), SAA (<i>β</i> ² = 0.13, [0.01, 0.30]), sICAM-1 (<i>β</i> ² = 53.25, [27.26, 79.24]) and sVCAM-1 (<i>β</i> ² = 61.11, [30.52, 91.70]). The pesticide metabolites PLS composite variable was positively associated with IL-6 (<i>β</i> = 0.09, [0.01. 0.17]), SAA (<i>β</i> = 0.43, [0.13, 0.17]), sICAM-1 (<i>β</i> = 63.52, [9.92, 117.13]), sVCAM-1 (<i>β</i> = 69.03, [8.29, 129.76]), and TNF-α (<i>β</i> = 0.08, [0.00, 0.16]), and negatively associated with CRP (<i>β</i> = - 0.28, [- 0.49, - 0.08]). Our findings demonstrate a novel pesticide/herbicide-inflammation link in adolescents, which may be an underlying mechanism of the health impacts of pesticides/herbicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"17 4","pages":"887-904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic and Sociodemographic Differences in Cadmium Exposure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).","authors":"Marisa H Sobel, Katlyn McGraw, Kathrin Schilling, Ronald A Glabonjat, Jada Y Tulloch, Olgica Balac, Chiugo N Izuchukwu, Marta Galvez-Fernandez, Wendy S Post, Steven Shea, R Graham Barr, Miranda R Jones, Ana Navas-Acien, Tiffany R Sanchez","doi":"10.1007/s12403-025-00725-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-025-00725-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking is the primary source of cadmium (Cd) exposure, however, there are unexplained differences in urinary Cd (uCd) levels that persist by sociodemographic characteristics. We characterized uCd levels across geographic regions and sociodemographic categories to better identify sources and contributors. We include 6729 adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with uCd measured at the baseline exam (2000-2002) and covariate information. Percentage difference (95% confidence interval) of uCd levels were computed by established factors using linear regression models. The overall median (IQR) of uCd was 0.53 (0.36, 0.80) μg/g creatinine. uCd levels differed significantly by age, sex, cigarette use, and race/ethnicity, not by study site or dietary factors. In fully adjusted models, participants > 62 years (mean age) had 20% (16%, 22%) higher uCd levels compared to those ≤ 62 years; females had 71% (67%, 76%) higher uCd compared to males. Compared to never smoking, participants with current and former cigarette use had 46% (40%, 52%) and 9% (6%, 13%) higher uCd, respectively. Chinese and Hispanic participants had 81% (73%, 89%) and 6% (2%, 9%) higher uCd, respectively, compared with White participants. Chinese participants had higher levels than other self-reported race/ethnicities, particularly among younger participants, females, never smoking or other tobacco product use, and those born outside of the United States. Smoking continues to have important implications for Cd burden among the general population. Our results highlight non-smoking Chinese women and Chinese participants born outside the US are a particularly vulnerable subgroup affected by higher long-term Cd exposure and body burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationships Between Exposure Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Prostate Cancer Occurrence in Southwest China","authors":"Jiaqi Guo, Zifan Hu, Weiyang Sun, Jia Li, Xinyi Huang, Xianghong Jasmine Zhou, Zilong Zhang, Yuming Jin, Wei-Chao Huang, Chunying Luo, Koji Harada, Shi Qiu, Xiaoli Zou","doi":"10.1007/s12403-025-00703-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-025-00703-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12116,"journal":{"name":"Exposure and Health","volume":"17 4","pages":"961-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}