Experimental Mycology最新文献_第6页

Localization and release of β-glucosidase in the thermophilic and cellulolytic fungus, Sporotrichum thermophile 嗜热纤维素真菌β-葡萄糖苷酶的定位与释放

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80003-4

Joel Solomon Gaikwad , Ramesh Maheshwari

{"title":"Localization and release of β-glucosidase in the thermophilic and cellulolytic fungus, Sporotrichum thermophile","authors":"Joel Solomon Gaikwad , Ramesh Maheshwari","doi":"10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In a medium containing cellulose as the carbon source, the rapid growth of Sporotrichum thermophile, the secretion of cellulases and the utilization of cellulose were well-correlated events. The production of β-glucosidase in culture medium lagged behind cellulases, coinciding with the time of extensive autolysis of mycelia. By contrast, neither apparent autolysis nor secretion of β-glucosidase occurred when S. thermophile was grown in medium containing cellobiose; the enzyme activity remained associated with mycelia. The release of β-glucosidase in cellulose-grown cultures was correlated with the activity of the lytic enzyme in the cell wall. Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical characterization showed that a β-glucosidase released in the cellulose medium was the same as that which remained associated with mycelia grown on cellobiose. The results indicated that the release of β-glucosidase in the cellulose culture is incidental to the activity of the lytic enzymes which are strongly induced by cellulose. The observations minimize a functional role of the culture fluid P-glucosidase in cellulolysis by the fungus. Rather, the available information suggests that the cellulases and β-glucosidases associated with the hyphal cell wall may play a role in cellulolysis by the fungus.</div>","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 300-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80003-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88190568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Subject index for volume 18 第18卷主题索引

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80010-1

引用次数: 0

Phase transition and stage-specific protein synthesis in the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 二形真菌巴西副球虫的相变和阶段特异性蛋白质合成

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80002-2

Silvana P. Da Silva , Maria Sueli Soares Felipe , Maristela Pereira , Maristella O. Azevedo , Celia Maria De Almeida Soares

引用次数: 42

Occurrence of GTP-binding proteins in the ascomycete Saccobolus platensis gtp结合蛋白在子囊菌中出现

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80006-X

Alicia M. Zelada , Andrea Samela , Susana Passeron , Maria L. Cantors

{"title":"Occurrence of GTP-binding proteins in the ascomycete Saccobolus platensis","authors":"Alicia M. Zelada , Andrea Samela , Susana Passeron , Maria L. Cantors","doi":"10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80006-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80006-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We have previously shown that in the ascomycete Saccobolus platensis the presence of cyclic AMP can overcome the requirement for light to produce apothecia. With the aim to gain insight into the phototransduction mechanism the existence of G protein-like molecules was investigated. By using the GTP analog [35S]GTP-γS we detected the existence of GTP-binding proteins; the dissociation constant for the binding of the nucleotide was calculated (Kd = 52 nM); the binding was effectively competed by GTP and GDPPS and to a lesser extent by ATP. We also demonstrated by SDS-PAGE the existence of proteins of 48, 41, 26, and 15 kDa that are substrates of the cholera toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation reaction. Proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE were identified by Western blotting with antisera specific for vertebrate G protein subunits; the antibody anti-αcommon revealed two main bands at 48 and 41 kDa; the AS/7 antibody (anti-αt, −α1, and −ai2) led to the identification of one band at 41 kDa; the antibody anti-β subunit revealed a polipeptide band at around 37 kDa. The antibody anti-αcommon also abolished the binding of [35S]GTP-γS to crude membranes. The results presented in this paper provide evidence for the existence in S. platensis of proteins that proved to have a behavior similar to that of mammalian G proteins.</div>","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80006-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76268570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

N-Oxidation of Quinoline and Isoquinoline by Cunninghamella elegans 线虫对喹啉和异喹啉的n -氧化作用

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/emyc.1994.1026

John B Sutherland, James P Freeman, Anna J Williams, Carl E Cerniglia

引用次数: 25

Adhesion of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Conidia and Germlings to Leaves and Artificial Surfaces 异养耳蜗分生孢子和胚芽与叶片和人工表面的粘附

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/emyc.1994.1021

Edward J. Braun, Richard J. Howard

{"title":"Adhesion of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Conidia and Germlings to Leaves and Artificial Surfaces","authors":"Edward J. Braun, Richard J. Howard","doi":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1021","DOIUrl":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Braun, E. J., and Howard, R. J. 1994. Adhesion of Cochliobolus heterostrophus conidia and germlings to leaves and artificial surfaces. Experimental Mycology 18, 211-220. We have examined the nonspecific attachment of Cochliobolus heterostrophus germlings to a variety of surfaces (glass, cellophane, Mylar, polystyrene, Teflon, maize leaves) in an effort to more fully characterize this important stage of pathogenesis. Washing experiments showed that conidia began adhering to glass just prior to germ tube emergence, about 20 min after hydration and inoculation. By 50-60 min after inoculation, over 90% of the germinating conidia resisted washing and remained firmly attached. Similar results were obtained with the other surfaces. Both sodium azide and cycloheximide prevented attachment, indicating that metabolic activity was required for adhesion. Light microscopy and cryo scanning electron microscopy were used to document a temporal and spatial relationship between attachment, appearance of extracellular matrix materials, and germ tube emergence. Attachment of conidia to the substratum was correlated with the appearance of extracellular material exuded from the tips of conidia just prior to germination. The two-layered sheath of matrix materials associated with germ tubes also surrounded appressoria and appeared to aid in attachment of these structures to leaves and artificial surfaces. We conclude that extracellular matrix is produced and/or secreted within 20 min of hydration and serves in the nonspecific attachment of germlings to the substrate.</div>","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/emyc.1994.1021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82275072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 88

Morphological transitions in the life cycle of Ustilago maydis and their genetic control by the a and b loci 麦黑穗菌生命周期的形态转变及其a、b位点的遗传控制

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/EMYC.1994.1024

F. Banuett, I. Herskowitz

{"title":"Morphological transitions in the life cycle of Ustilago maydis and their genetic control by the a and b loci","authors":"F. Banuett, I. Herskowitz","doi":"10.1006/EMYC.1994.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1006/EMYC.1994.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Banuett, F., and Herskowitz, I. 1994. Morphological transitions in the life cycle of Ustilago maydis and their genetic control by the a and b loci. Experimental Mycology 18: 247-266. Two forms characterize the life cycle of Ustilago maydis: a haploid yeast-like form and a filamentous dikaryotic form. Dimorphism and other aspects of the life cycle (including tumor induction) are governed by two mating type loci, a and b . Here we report characterization of two different morphological transitions in the life cycle of U. maydis . First, we describe an assay for conjugation tube formation in which cellular response is rapid and occurs synchronously and uniformly in the population. Using this assay, we demonstrate that different alleles of the a locus (but not the b locus) are necessary for conjugation tube formation. We also show that the b locus determines the type of filament formed after cell fusion: different b alleles lead to formation of true filaments, whereas identical b alleles result in production of pseudofilaments. Second, we analyze the role of a and b in postfusion events leading to filament formation in diploid strains. We show that diploid strains heterozygous for both a and b are capable of a dimorphic transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth when shifted from rich medium to low-nitrogen medium. This transition has two components: the first is dependent on the a locus and generates structures similar to conjugation tubes; the second is dependent on the b locus and produces true hyphal structures. We surmise that similar events take place in formation of the dikaryotic filament.","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"44 1","pages":"247-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79303644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Factors Affecting the Efficient Transformation of Colletotrichum Species 影响炭疽菌高效转化的因素

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/emyc.1994.1023

Regina S. Redman, Rusty J. Rodriguez

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Efficient Transformation of Colletotrichum Species","authors":"Regina S. Redman, Rusty J. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1023","DOIUrl":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Redman, R. S., and Rodriguez, R. J. 1994. Factors affecting the efficient transformation of Colletotrichum species. Experimental Mycology, 18, 230-246. Twelve isolates representing four species of Colletotrichum were transformed either by enhanced protoplast, restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI), or electroporation-mediated protocols. The enhanced protoplast transformation protocol resulted in 100- and 50-fold increases in the transformation efficiencies of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and C. magna , respectively. REMI transformation involved the use of Hin dIII and vector DNA linearized with HindIII to increase the number of integration events and potential gene disruptions in the fungal genome. Combining the enhanced protoplast and the REMI protocols resulted in a 22-fold increase in the number of hygromycin/nystatin-resistant mutants in C. lindemuthianum . Electroporation-mediated transformation was performed on mycelial fragments and spores of four Colletotrichum species, resulting in efficiencies of up to 1000 transformants/μg DNA. The pHA1.3 vector which confers hygromycin resistance contains telomeric sequences from Fusarium oxysporum , transforms by autonomous replication and genomic integration, and was essential for elevated transformation efficiencies of 100 to 10,000 transformants/μg DNA. Modifications of pHA1.3 occurred during bacterial amplification and post fungal transformation resulting in plasmids capable of significantly elevated transformation efficiencies in C. lindemuthianum.</div>","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 230-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/emyc.1994.1023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82061335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

N-Oxidation of Quinoline and Isoquinoline by Cunninghamella elegans 线虫对喹啉和异喹啉的n -氧化作用

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/EMYC.1994.1026

J. B. Sutherland, J. Freeman, A. Williams, C. Cerniglia

引用次数: 27

Morphological Transitions in the Life Cycle of Ustilago maydis and Their Genetic Control by the a and b Loci 麦黑穗病菌生命周期的形态转变及其a、b位点的遗传控制

Experimental Mycology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1006/emyc.1994.1024

Flora Banuett, Ira Herskowitz

{"title":"Morphological Transitions in the Life Cycle of Ustilago maydis and Their Genetic Control by the a and b Loci","authors":"Flora Banuett, Ira Herskowitz","doi":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1006/emyc.1994.1024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Banuett, F., and Herskowitz, I. 1994. Morphological transitions in the life cycle of Ustilago maydis and their genetic control by the a and b loci. Experimental Mycology 18: 247-266. Two forms characterize the life cycle of Ustilago maydis: a haploid yeast-like form and a filamentous dikaryotic form. Dimorphism and other aspects of the life cycle (including tumor induction) are governed by two mating type loci, a and b . Here we report characterization of two different morphological transitions in the life cycle of U. maydis. First, we describe an assay for conjugation tube formation in which cellular response is rapid and occurs synchronously and uniformly in the population. Using this assay, we demonstrate that different alleles of the a locus (but not the b locus) are necessary for conjugation tube formation. We also show that the b locus determines the type of filament formed after cell fusion: different b alleles lead to formation of true filaments, whereas identical b alleles result in production of pseudofilaments. Second, we analyze the role of a and b in postfusion events leading to filament formation in diploid strains. We show that diploid strains heterozygous for both a and b are capable of a dimorphic transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth when shifted from rich medium to low-nitrogen medium. This transition has two components: the first is dependent on the a locus and generates structures similar to conjugation tubes; the second is dependent on the b locus and produces true hyphal structures. We surmise that similar events take place in formation of the dikaryotic filament.</div>","PeriodicalId":12110,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mycology","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 247-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/emyc.1994.1024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91608118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 94