Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Endocrine factors associated with infertility in women: an updated review.","authors":"Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta, Julia Cristina Coronado-Arroyo, Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave, María Del Carmen Durand-Vásquez, Sofía Pilar Ildefonso-Najarro, Luciana Del Pilar Rafael-Robles, Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga, Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio, Jacsel Suárez-Rojas, José Paz-Ibarra","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2256405","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2256405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after unprotected sexual intercourse for at least 12 consecutive months. Our objective is to present an updated narrative review on the endocrine causes of infertility in women.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A comprehensive review was conducted using Scielo, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, comprising 245 articles. The pathophysiology of infertility in women was described, including endocrinopathies such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, obesity, thyroid dysfunction, and adrenal disorders. The diagnostic approach was outlined, emphasizing the necessity of hormonal studies and ovarian response assessments. Additionally, the treatment plan was presented, commencing with non-pharmacological interventions, encompassing the adoption of a Mediterranean diet, vitamin supplementation, moderate exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. Subsequently, pharmacological treatment was discussed, focusing on the management of associated endocrine disorders and ovulatory dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This comprehensive review highlights the impact of endocrine disorders on fertility in women, providing diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. Despite remaining knowledge gaps that hinder more effective treatments, ongoing research and advancements show promise for improved fertility success rates within the next five years. Enhanced comprehension of the pathophysiology behind endocrine causes and the progress in genetic research will facilitate the delivery of personalized treatments, thus enhancing fertility rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"399-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of group medical visits on patient engagement and quality of life.","authors":"Charlotte T Boyd, John G Spangler, Carmen G Strickland, Jennifer E Roper, Julienne K Kirk","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268716","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group medical visits (GMV) effectively improve patient care and outcomes through interactive education, increased patient contact, and facilitated social support. This quality improvement research examined if patient activation and quality of life correlate with weight, blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin A1c (A1C) through GMV interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were enrolled in GMV Lighten Up for weight management or GMV Diabetes. At pre- and post-intervention, patients completed the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and the health-related quality of life measure, the SF-12; and were assessed for weight, blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin A1c (A1C).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight and PAM scores significantly improved regardless of group. For patients in GMV Diabetes, A1C significantly decreased. GMV Lighten Up participants had statistically significant declines in diastolic BP. Both groups improved patient activation, but statistically significantly so only in GMV Diabetes participants. SF-12 scores did not statistically significantly improve. There were no predictors of A1C and PAM score change for the Diabetes GMV. However, age, SBP and SF-12 scores predicted PAM score changes in GMV Lighten up participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants in this study showed overall improvement in biomarkers and patient activation. Thus, GMV continue to be a viable method for healthcare delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"549-554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41195891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children.","authors":"Philip R Fischer, Casey R Johnson, Kaitlin N Leopold, Thomas D Thacher","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2270053","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2270053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency affects from 10% to 50% in various pediatric population groups and causes life-threatening hypocalcemia in infants, crippling rickets in infants and children, and increased risk of subsequent adult metabolic and neurologic problems.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>An English language literature search of PubMed was performed since 1940 as were the authors' personal literature collections. References identified in the reviewed literature are considered.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>The diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency is based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Clinical features of rickets include bone deformities and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Most children and adolescents who are biochemically vitamin D deficient do not have specific symptoms or signs of deficiency.</p><p><strong>Prevention: </strong>Prevention of vitamin D deficiency is via exposure to sunshine, food and beverage fortification, and dietary supplementation.</p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>Effective treatment of vitamin D deficiency is via oral or injectable administration of vitamin D. Dosing and duration of vitamin D therapy have been described for healthy children and for children with underlying medical conditions, but recommendations vary.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Further investigation is needed to determine long-term non-skeletal effects of childhood vitamin D deficiency, benefits of supplementation in asymptomatic individuals with biochemical vitamin D deficiency, and appropriate screening for vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"489-502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of neuropsychological functions on self-care/self-management of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged people: a scoping review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hsiao-Mei Chen, Chien-Ning Huang, Ro-Ting Lin, Bei-Yi Su","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268171","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2268171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of neuropsychological functions on self-care/self-management in middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2012 to April 2023 across multiple databases. Ten articles were included in the scoping review, and 3 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The findings consistently indicated an association between reduced neuropsychological functions and poor self-care/self-management in this population. Memory functions, executive functions, and other domains were found to be significantly related to self-care/self-management, including diet management, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of considering neuropsychological factors in understanding and improving diabetes management outcomes. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and the development of targeted interventions to address specific vulnerable domains. Future research should focus on elucidating underlying mechanisms, addressing methodological inconsistencies, and exploring the effectiveness of interventions targeting neuropsychological impairments. Incorporating technology and personalized approaches into diabetes management can enhance self-care/self-management and clinical outcomes in individuals with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"525-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41195892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone health and prevalent fractures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis and endocrine-context pathophysiology review.","authors":"Jerilynn C Prior, Sonia Shirin, Azita Goshtasebi","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2216294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2216294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bone health in those with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is complex, but the general consensus is that cortical areal bone mineral density (aBMD) sites will be higher in PCOS than in age- and BMI-similar controls. However, spine aBMD sites may be lower, especially in non-obese PCOS. Whether or not incident fracture risk is increased in PCOS is currently controversial; no meta-analysis has yet assessed prevalent fractures.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We assessed the bone effects of PCOS-related ovarian hormone alterations, e.g. androgen excess, tonically normal/higher estradiol, and lower-than-normal progesterone levels. We also highlighted evidence that common PCOS medications (e.g. combined hormonal contraceptives [CHC], metformin, and spironolactone) have important bone effects. In adolescents, meta-analysis of CHC showed significant negative aBMD changes. Inflammation has negative PCOS bone effects and is linked with CHC use.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Is fracture risk altered by PCOS? Our meta-analysis showed a 25% increased risk of prevalent fracture in PCOS versus controls; this did not reach statistical significance. Future prospective research needs to collect and evaluate ovulation characteristics, progesterone exposure, and adolescent CHC use, in addition to the complex variables that may influence risks for prevalent or incident fragility fractures and/or for cortical and cancellous aBMD values in PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 4","pages":"283-293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current practices in islet cell autotransplantation.","authors":"Melissa E Chen, Chirag S Desai","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2256407","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2256407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis comprise a spectrum of disease that results in complications related to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and chronic pain with narcotic dependence and poor quality of life. The mainstay of therapy has been medical and endoscopic therapy; surgery, especially total pancreatectomy, was historically reserved for few select patients as the obligate exocrine insufficiency and pancreatogenic diabetes (type 3C) are challenging to manage. The addition of islet cell autotransplantation after total pancreatectomy helps to mitigate brittle type 3c diabetes and prevents mortality related to severe hypoglycemic episodes and hypoglycemic unawareness. There have been more recent data demonstrating the safety of surgery and the beneficial long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The purpose of this review is to describe the current practices in the field of islet cell autotransplantation including the selection and evaluation of patients for surgery, their preoperative work up and management, surgical approach, post-operative management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation has the ability to drastically improve quality of life and prevent brittle diabetes for patients suffering with chronic pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"419-425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is euthyroidism within reach for all?","authors":"Jacqueline Jonklaas","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2267120","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2267120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"455-458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the best clinical approach to adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome?","authors":"Ana Raimunda Dâmaso, Lian Tock, Nayra Figueiredo, Flávia Campos Corgosinho","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2236693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2236693","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased worldwide and is being considered a public health issue [1]. Obesity is associated with a chronic proinflammatory state and many comorbidities, including, metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) [2,3]. Enlarged adipose tissue is a consequence of multifactorial conditions such as genetic and lifestyle factors including the increase in ultraprocessed and high caloric food consumption and a decrease in physical activity [4,5]. The expansion of adipose tissue promotes dysregulation of adipokine action, increasing the secretion of proinflammatory (i.e. leptin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, vistatin, angiotensin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6) and concomitant reduction the anti-inflammatory adipokines like (adiponectin and interleukin 10). This pro-inflammatory state is considered key to the development of comorbidities related to obesity, such as MS [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines MS as a pathological condition characterized by excessive abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and its high prevalence around the world has today become a truly global challenge [1,7]. In fact, in adolescents with obesity, the prevalence of MS can reach up to 60%, which may disrupt its control in long-term weight loss interventions, with insulin resistance and visceral fatty being strong predictors [8]. Furthermore, the hyperleptinemic state is a common factor present in obesity in adolescents. The hyperleptinemic state is associated with disruption of neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, atherosclerosis in early stage of the life, impairment on lung function and depression symptoms. In addition, it may impair the effects of interdisciplinary weight loss approach in the long term considering the pediatric population [9–12]. Inversely, the hypoadiponectinemia present in obesity can be reversed after leptin concentration was normalized with approximately 10% of weight loss. It is suggested that the balance between leptin and adiponectin may orchestrate the impact of weight loss therapy in adolescents with obesity and MS. In fact, previously, our research team showed that the adiponectin/leptin ratio is more effective as a biomarker of inflammation than these adipokines itself and should be considered in clinical practice [13–15]. Healthcare professionals must know what is behind the obesity phenotype in order to achieve reasonable goals in each patient and to define what strategy in each area should be used in order to improve not just body weight but body composition, inflammation profile, and metabolic disorders. Importantly, it has been shown that the impact of weight loss therapy in adolescents with MS occurs as a dependent manner considering of the presence of low or high number of altered parameters. Individuals with MS might need a longer time of multidisciplinary therapy to obtain similar results to tho","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 4","pages":"267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy for obesity: recent evolution and implications for cardiovascular risk reduction.","authors":"Kevin C Maki, Carol F Kirkpatrick, David B Allison, Kishore M Gadde","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2209176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2209176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is highly prevalent in the U.S. and is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Modalities for the management of obesity include lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review describes the evidence on the effects of weight loss therapies on MACE risk. Lifestyle interventions and older antiobesity pharmacotherapies have been associated with <12% body weight reduction and no clear benefit to reduce MACE risk. Bariatric surgery is associated with substantial weight reduction (20-30%) and markedly lower subsequent risk for MACE. Newer antiobesity pharmacotherapies, particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, have shown greater efficacy for weight reduction compared with older medications and are being evaluated in cardiovascular outcomes trials.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Current practice for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with obesity is lifestyle intervention for weight loss, combined with the treatment of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors individually. The use of medications to treat obesity is relatively rare. In part, this reflects concerns about long-term safety and weight loss effectiveness, possible provider bias, as well as lack of clear evidence of MACE risk reduction. If ongoing outcomes trials demonstrate the efficacy of newer agents in reducing MACE risk, this will likely lead to expanded use in obesity management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 4","pages":"307-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9857176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal oxytocin as a treatment for obesity: safety and efficacy.","authors":"Roberta Balestrino, Marco Losa, Luigi Albano, Lina R Barzaghi, Pietro Mortini","doi":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2216794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17446651.2023.2216794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Known for its effect on labor and lactation and on emotional and social functions, oxytocin has recently emerged as a key modulator of feeding behavior and indeed suggested as a potential treatment for obesity. The potential positive effect of oxytocin on both metabolic and psychological-behavioral complications of hypothalamic lesions makes it a promising tool in the management of these conditions.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The aim of the present review article is to provide an overview of the mechanism of action and clinical experience of the use of oxytocin in different forms of obesity.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Current evidence suggests a potential role of oxytocin in the treatment of obesity with different causes. Several challenges remain: an improved understanding of the physiological regulation, mechanisms of action of oxytocin, and interplay with other endocrine axes is fundamental to clarify its role. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of oxytocin for the treatment of different forms of obesity. Understanding the mechanism(s) of action of oxytocin on body weight regulation might also improve our understanding of obesity and reveal possible new therapeutic targets - as well as promoting advances in other fields in which oxytocin might be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":12107,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"18 4","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}