{"title":"Surgical pulmonary valve redo versus transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for Tetralogy of Fallot patients.","authors":"Michail Penteris, Konstantinos Lampropoulos","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2482926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2482926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To perform a systematic review to compare the efficacy and safety of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) and surgical pulmonary valve replacement (SPVR) in managing pulmonary valve dysfunction in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review investigates through three different databases for randomized control trials or observational studies evaluating TOF patients who underwent TPVR or SPVR until November 2024. The outcomes of interest were hemodynamic improvement, reduction in pulmonary regurgitation or stenosis, complications, quality of life, and long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four retrospective studies (1919 procedures) were analyzed. TPVR was non-inferior to SPVR, with a comparable safety profile. The durability of bioprosthetic valves was similar between TPVR and SPVR (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.55-1.73; <i>p</i> = 0.93) and was influenced by patients' age at PVR (HR: 0.78 per 10 years from <1 year; 95% CI: 0.63-0.96; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and true inner valve diameter .</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TPVR is a safe and less-invasive alternative to SPVR with comparable efficacy in reducing pulmonary regurgitation. Complication rates are similar and valve durability is primarily age- and valve size-dependent. Although further research on long term outcomes is needed, TPVR may be integrated into routine practices, offering a viable alternative for high-risk TOF patients.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO; #CRD42024615871).</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal trends in cardiovascular mortality among patients with hematological malignancies: a 20-year perspective.","authors":"Gemina Doolub, Avraham Raichman, Dmitry Abramov, Vijay Bang, Purvi Parwani, Kamaraj Karunanithi, Hussam Abdel-Qadir, Ofer Kobo, Mamas A Mamas","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2463332","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2463332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We present an analysis of cardiovascular-related deaths specific to hematological cancer patients in the United States from 1999 to 2020, examining trends in relation to age, gender, and type of hematological cancer.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Utilizing the Multiple Cause of Death databases, our research included 88,146 decedents with cardiovascular primary cause of death and with hematologic disease. We determined the percentage of cardiovascular deaths associated with each disease category. Furthermore, we developed age-adjusted mortality rates, categorizing them based on sex, age, race, Latino origin, and the type of hematological cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1999 and 2020, there was a decreasing temporal trend in overall cardiovascular mortality for lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma (-38.8% -31.8% & -29.4%). The most common cardiovascular mortality cause in the hematological malignancy population was ischemic heart disease, followed by cerebrovascular disease (53.4%, 20.2%). African American, Asian, and White patients showed decreasing for overall CV death for all hematological malignancies, with African American subgroups showing the lowest mortality reduction over time (AAMR: -26.8%, -41.2%, -33.3%). However, hypertension mortality increased for most racial groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over the last 2 decades, the rate of cardiovascular mortality amongst patients with underlying hematological malignancy has decreased.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latest evidence on assessment and invasive management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in the older population.","authors":"Kieran Gill, Gregory B Mills, Wanqi Wang, Graziella Pompei, Vijay Kunadian","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2476125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2025.2476125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Invasive management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) should be considered regardless of age, but a key challenge is deciding which patients are most likely to benefit from an invasive approach in the older population. In addition to assessment of the clinical signs and symptoms, a holistic assessment of geriatric syndromes such as frailty, multimorbidity and cognitive impairment is of increasing importance. Recent trials have validated the roles of physiological assessment and intracoronary imaging to guide revascularisation.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on the comparison between invasive and conservative management in the older population with NSTE-ACS, the clinical characteristics of the older population with NSTE-ACS, and the role of physiological assessment and intracoronary imaging to guide revascularisation in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Invasive management in the older population with NSTE-ACS may not improve mortality but reduces the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and repeat revascularisation. Decisions surrounding invasive versus conservative management should be individualized to each patient, depending on patient preference, clinical features, comorbidities and frailty. In patients where invasive management is indicated, a combination of physiological assessment and intracoronary imaging is likely to improve revascularisation outcomes, especially in the context of complex anatomical characteristics like multivessel disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mazhed Kheyrbek, Sam Alsabti, Shailesh Niroula, Ela Ahmad, Mustapha Choucair, Unnati Bhatia, Adam Wernette, Karan Chhabra, Kateryna Strubchevska, Ivan Hanson, Alexandra Halalau
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of cerebral embolic protection systems in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mazhed Kheyrbek, Sam Alsabti, Shailesh Niroula, Ela Ahmad, Mustapha Choucair, Unnati Bhatia, Adam Wernette, Karan Chhabra, Kateryna Strubchevska, Ivan Hanson, Alexandra Halalau","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a potential complication of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Recent trials evaluating Cerebral Embolic Protection Systems (CEPS) to reduce the incidence of stroke after TAVR have been conflicting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple databases were searched for studies comparing TAVR with or without CEPS and that reported on the primary outcome of periprocedural stroke. Two authors individually screened the titles, the abstracts and the full texts using Covidence. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 studies (3 randomized controlled trials, 7 national registries, and 5 cohort studies) met the eligibility criteria and were included in our review. CEPS was associated with lower rates of periprocedural stroke [OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.55, 0.93) <i>p</i> = 0.012], as well as lower rates of mortality [OR 0.60 (95% CI 0.49, 0.74) <i>p</i> < 0.001]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of acute kidney injury [OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.82, 1.01) <i>p</i> = 0.087], major vascular complications [OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.83, 1.14) <i>p</i> = 0.734], and major life-threatening bleeding [OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.73, 1.07) <i>p</i> = 0.222].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the use of CEPS in TAVR is associated with a lower risk of periprocedural stroke and mortality.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The PROSPERO identification number is CRD42022374055.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felicity de Vere, Nadeev Wijesuriya, Sandra Howell, Mark K Elliott, Vishal Mehta, Nilanka N Mannakkara, Marina Strocchi, Steven A Niederer, Christopher A Rinaldi
{"title":"Optimizing outcomes from cardiac resynchronization therapy: what do recent data and insights say?","authors":"Felicity de Vere, Nadeev Wijesuriya, Sandra Howell, Mark K Elliott, Vishal Mehta, Nilanka N Mannakkara, Marina Strocchi, Steven A Niederer, Christopher A Rinaldi","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445246","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for heart failure (HF) in approximately two-thirds of recipients, with a third remaining CRT 'non-responders.' There is an increasing body of evidence exploring the reasons behind non-response, as well as ways to preempt or counteract it.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review will examine the most recent evidence regarding optimizing outcomes from CRT, as well as explore whether traditional CRT indeed remains the best first-line therapy for electrical resynchronization in HF. We will start by discussing methods of preempting non-response, such as refining patient selection and procedural technique, before reviewing how responses can be optimized post-implantation. For the purpose of this review, evidence was gathered from electronic literature searches (via PubMed and GoogleScholar), with a particular focus on primary evidence published in the last 5 years.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Ever-expanding research in the field of device therapy has armed physicians with more tools than ever to treat dyssynchronous HF. Newer developments, such as artificial intelligence (AI) guided device programming and conduction system pacing (CSP) are particularly exciting, and we will discuss how they could eventually lead to truly personalized care by maximizing outcomes from CRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11716670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seher Sener, Yusuf Ziya Sener, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Ilker Ertugrul, Ozge Basaran, Yelda Bilginer, Tevfik Karagoz, Seza Ozen
{"title":"Evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated with hydroxychloroquine.","authors":"Seher Sener, Yusuf Ziya Sener, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Ilker Ertugrul, Ozge Basaran, Yelda Bilginer, Tevfik Karagoz, Seza Ozen","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445800","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2445800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydroxychloroquine on cardiac functions and left ventricular mass in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Fifty patients with cSLE undergoing treatment with hydroxychloroquine underwent echocardiographic evaluation. All patients exhibited negative disease activity markers and were clinically in remission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median duration of hydroxychloroquine exposure was 7.1 (5.2-9.5) years, with a median cumulative dose of 784.8 (509.5-3437.6) grams. No correlation was identified between the parameters of left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass index and geometry, and cumulative hydroxychloroquine dose (<i>p</i> = 0.245, <i>p</i> = 0.094, <i>p</i> = 0.146, respectively). Furthermore, no significant correlation was identified between the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine and diastolic cardiac parameters (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). A comparison of the patients who received a cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine below the median dose (the low-dose group) with those who received a higher dose (the high-dose group) revealed no significant differences in the echocardiographic parameters (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that chronic hydroxychloroquine use in patients with cSLE does not result in adverse changes in left ventricular mass or impairment of cardiac functions. However, these patients should undergo regular evaluation to monitor for the potential development of cardiotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Better blood pressure control with the nanoformulation of antihypertensive drugs.","authors":"Steven G Chrysant","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2438813","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2438813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is very common and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, strokes, and death. However, at present only 14% of patients of developing countries have their blood pressure (BP) well controlled. The causes for the failure to control the BP are multiple and one of them could be the formulation of antihypertensive drugs.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The recent development of nanotechnology by incorporating the drugs into nanoparticles is a new promising field of nanomedicine and preliminary studies have shown this nanoformulation to be more effective in the treatment of hypertension than the existing drug formulations. Another recent development is the nanoformulation of genes used for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. For current information, a Medline search was conducted between 2017 and 2024 and 36 pertinent papers were selected.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The nanoformulations of drugs help achieve better drug concentrations, improve drug stability, low solubility, short half life, oral bioavailability, narrow therapeutic index, and poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, and decrease the adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs. Also, the nanoformulation of genes for the treatment of hypertension has been shown in preliminary studies to be effective, but more research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prasanna Sengodan, Ahmed Younes, Neeraj Shah, Ahmed Maraey, W Randolph Chitwood, Assad Movahed
{"title":"Contemporary review of the evolution of various treatment modalities for mitral regurgitation.","authors":"Prasanna Sengodan, Ahmed Younes, Neeraj Shah, Ahmed Maraey, W Randolph Chitwood, Assad Movahed","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2427622","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2427622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common forms of valvular heart diseases for which there have been several innovative treatment strategies that have developed over the last several decades. We describe the various treatment modalities that have been used for the last several decades. All articles in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were screened from inception to August 2024 for the following - 'Mitral valve regurgitation' 'Mitral valve repair' 'Mitral valve replacement' 'Robotic mitral surgery' 'Transcatheter mitral valve repair.'</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Mitral regurgitation (MR) is classified into primary and secondary MR. Causes of primary MR include degenerative disease, rheumatic heart disease, and infective endocarditis. Secondary MR is observed in the setting of left ventricle (LV) pathology, including ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. In secondary MR, annular dilation, papillary muscle displacement, tethering of chordae tendineae and/or mitral valve (MV) leaflets result in leaflet restriction and malcoaptation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In this review, we discuss various modalities for the treatment of mitral regurgitation, as well as newer treatment options for MR including robotic MV repair and other minimally invasive procedures. Several ongoing randomized controlled trials in this topic will help shed more light and provide guidance to deliver the optimal care for our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"639-651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabio Angeli, Paolo Verdecchia, Alessio Mazzieri, Gianpaolo Reboldi
{"title":"Treatment of hypertension in the elderly: target the lowest well-tolerated blood pressure.","authors":"Fabio Angeli, Paolo Verdecchia, Alessio Mazzieri, Gianpaolo Reboldi","doi":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2427637","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14779072.2024.2427637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antihypertensive treatment provides substantial benefits in older people. However, many challenges remain, including the ideal blood pressure (BP) target to be achieved. Because the elderly population is particularly vulnerable to adverse events, BP control should be carefully managed. Some studies have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of different BP targets in older patients, with mixed results and uncertainty about the most appropriate BP target. However, pooled analyses suggest that intensive BP lowering provides greater cardiovascular protection than less intensive strategies in elderly hypertensive patients.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Understanding the balance between the risks and benefits of intensive BP targets and individualizing treatment is essential to ensure that older patients receive appropriate treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. We reviewed data from clinical trials which investigated the protective effects of BP lowering drugs in elderly hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Evidence suggests that age does not preclude an aggressive strategy for treating hypertension in elderly patients. Being 'tolerant' with one hand and 'intensive' with the other should become a universal standard in the management of elderly hypertensive patients. The lowest well-tolerated BP could be a simple and universally applicable BP target in the management of hypertensive patients, including the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":12098,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"615-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}